【推荐1】In many homes, dogs are beloved family pets. Dogs are now playing a role in educational environments, too. Since 2014, the New York City Department of Education has certified (认证) a Comfort Dog program. The program trains comfort dogs and their human handlers (训练师)for use in schools.

The Comfort Dog program began as a way to help students feel more involved in their classes and to reduce feelings of anxiety, fear, and isolation. At East Side Middle School (ESMS) in Manhattan, Bailey the comfort dog is now working with her human handler, Laurie Posner, the school psychologist.

“After a year and a half of virtual learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many kids have felt disconnected from their classmates. At ESMS, Bailey will be involved in social-emotional lessons throughout the school year. Also, Bailey is supposed to work on specific goals.” Posner said. Students who have had difficulty going from a virtual learning model back to an in-person setting can also join a small group with Bailey. “In addition to helping small groups, Bailey will have an open-door policy - anyone on campus who is having a hard day will be welcome to come and see Bailey anytime. Mr. Posner added. “You need somewhere to relax and just pet a dog, or talk to a dog, someone who is not going to judge you. That’s what she is for.”

Bailey went through intensive (加强的)training in order to become a comfort dog. Each dog must know basic instructions and pass a test conducted by human handlers to be suitable for a classroom setting. The dogs’ interactions with children, how they walk in hallways, respond to the ringing of school bells, and take treats from working staff are all tested.

Researchers are finding that having comfort dogs in school leads to a more positive school climate.

So far, Bailey is a hit at ESMS.

The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to.

A．working staff

B．human handlers

C．children

D．dogs

【推荐2】Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. It can strike between clouds or between a cloud and the ground. Since lightning carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. It is difficult to know exactly how many people die of lightning-related causes. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power failure, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires.

For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning. The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity (湿度) and wind speed. The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm (计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.

“Once trained, the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time,” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement. “It can now be used anywhere.”

Amirhossein Mostajabi, a PhD student at the institute, said current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites. “Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” he said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.

The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. Scientists working on the Paris-based project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity. The idea is that powerful, ground-based lasers can be positioned in the sky to direct energy from lightning.

Which is the correct order of how the system works?
① develop a prediction model.
② learn to recognize weather conditions.
③ collect related data.
④ input the data onto the computer.
⑤ make predictions.

A．①→②→③→④→⑤	B．③→④→①→②→⑤
C．①→②→④→③→⑤	D．③→①→②→⑤→④

【推荐2】In many homes, dogs are beloved family pets. Dogs are now playing a role in educational environments, too. Since 2014, the New York City Department of Education has certified (认证) a Comfort Dog program. The program trains comfort dogs and their human handlers (训练师)for use in schools.

The Comfort Dog program began as a way to help students feel more involved in their classes and to reduce feelings of anxiety, fear, and isolation. At East Side Middle School (ESMS) in Manhattan, Bailey the comfort dog is now working with her human handler, Laurie Posner, the school psychologist.

“After a year and a half of virtual learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many kids have felt disconnected from their classmates. At ESMS, Bailey will be involved in social-emotional lessons throughout the school year. Also, Bailey is supposed to work on specific goals.” Posner said. Students who have had difficulty going from a virtual learning model back to an in-person setting can also join a small group with Bailey. “In addition to helping small groups, Bailey will have an open-door policy - anyone on campus who is having a hard day will be welcome to come and see Bailey anytime. Mr. Posner added. “You need somewhere to relax and just pet a dog, or talk to a dog, someone who is not going to judge you. That’s what she is for.”

Bailey went through intensive (加强的)training in order to become a comfort dog. Each dog must know basic instructions and pass a test conducted by human handlers to be suitable for a classroom setting. The dogs’ interactions with children, how they walk in hallways, respond to the ringing of school bells, and take treats from working staff are all tested.

Researchers are finding that having comfort dogs in school leads to a more positive school climate.

So far, Bailey is a hit at ESMS.

The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to.

A．working staff

B．human handlers

C．children

D．dogs

【推荐3】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?

A．His report was scientific.

B．He represented the local people.

C．He ruled over Botany Bay.

D．His record was one-sided.