The Special Olympics is the world’s     1     (large) non-profit organization. The organization     2     (offer) year-round training and competition in 30 Olympic-type summer and winter sports. The Special Olympics is also the only place     3     children and adults with intellectual (智力的)disabilities have an opportunity to participate and develop     4     (believe) in themselves.

In 1968, Anne McGlone Burke, a PE teacher, began with an idea to have an Olympic-style competition for people with special needs. Burke then asked Eunice Kennedy Shriver, head of the Joseph P. Kennedy Foundation,     5     (help) the event. Shriver encouraged Burke to develop the idea and the JPK Foundation provided a grant (拨款) of $25,000. More than 1,000 athletes from the United States and Canada were     6     (excite) to take part in the games.

The Special Olympics has more than 32 Olympic individual and team sports that provide     7     (meaning) training and competition opportunities     8     people with intellectual disabilities. The first International Special Olympics Winter Games took place in February 1977 in the USA. The 2021 Special Olympics World Winter Games will take place in Sweden,     9     the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games     10     (hold) in Berlin, Germany.

Competitors who wear red win more than those that are     1     (dress) in any other color, according to a study in Germany.

Researchers found that those who wear red tops, jackets or clothing score 10 percent more in any competition     2     if they were in another color. Experts believe that red could make individuals and teams feel more confident as well as being thought of by others     3     more aggressive.

The findings could explain     4     Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal have been so successful. On the other hand, the results could suggest that the success of those teams has given those that wear the red color more confidence.

The study, by German sports psychologists at the University of Munster,     5     (report) in New Scientist magazine. They showed video recording of taekwondo matches to 42     6     (experience) judges. One fighter wore blue and the other wore red. They then showed them, the same recordings but digitally manipulated (暗中操控) the clothing to exchange the colors. The     7     (fight) wearing red were given     8     average of 13 percent more points than when they were blue. “If one competitor is strong and the other is weak, it won’t change the outcome of the fight,” said Nobert Hagemann, who led the study. “But the closer the levels, the     9     (easy) it is for the color to tip the scale.”

“    10     is reasonable that wearing red makes individuals feel more confident, although this hasn’t yet been tested,” said Robert Burton, one of the researchers.

The words “sport is power” proved true when China hosted the FISU World University Games in Chengdu, Sichuan province, from July 28 to Aug 8. Nothing was     1     (power) than letting thousands of foreign athletes and visitors from around the world see the achievements of China. The games     2     (success) showed national pride with amazing results, and     3     (impress)every athlete with the excellent competition facilities and the efficient organization of the atheltes’ village, where they had the opportunity     4     (enjoy) Chengdu’s famous spicy food     5     attend cultural activities. The games also fostered cultural exchanges, mutual understanding and friendships     6     crossed borders. Competitors were found     7     (hug) each other while offering their rivals encouragement and warm congratulations. Handwritten letters from individual students in Chengdu     8     (hand) to overseas journalists to show their welcome and     9     history and attractions of the provincial capital. Additionally, the games were helpful     10     developing the sports industry in China.