Most people would be terrified of entering waters with crocodiles (鳄鱼), but not Sao Chan. Like others living in a jungle village, the 73-year-old farmer says the Siamese crocodiles found in the waterways may look ferocious, but they should not be treated with prejudice. “If we come close to them, they just run away,” Chan says.
He’s right. There have been extremely few reported attacks by Siamese crocodiles on humans in the world, and reportedly none anywhere in Cambodia. Instead, it’s the crocodiles that have every reason to fear people. Once common throughout Southeast Asia, the particularly shy Siamese crocodile, which can grow up to 10 feet long, was for decades hunted for its skin and meat to such an extent that, in the early 1990s, the species was thought to be extinct in the wild.
Some of them survived in the Cardamoms, however, where populations of the reptiles, likely numbering fewer than 200 individuals in total, were rediscovered in 2000. Since then, local people have conducted regular patrols (巡逻) to protect them from threats. While the patrols and other conservation efforts have helped prevent the extinction of the Siamese crocodiles, concerns about the species’ long-term survival have remained because population numbers have stayed largely flat since their rediscovery.
In 2022, conservationists have introduced more Siamese crocodiles into the wild than ever before, not just in the Cardamoms but for the first time into a wildlife reserve in the northern part of the country, where the crocodiles historically were found. Advances in genetic testing have identified crocodiles suitable for release, and satellite tracking of reintroduced crocodiles has improved protection efforts.
“We have a long way to go, but the potential comeback of the Siamese crocodile could be Cambodia’s most successful conservation story,” says Pablo Sinovas, who leads a nonprofit reintroducing the animals. “Its survival isn’t just an ecological necessity, but a symbolic matter of urgency if we have any hope of preserving nature on Earth.”
1. What does the underlined word “ferocious” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Violent. | B.Friendly. | C.Ugly. | D.Abnormal. |
A.Habitat loss. | B.Water pollution. |
C.Human activities. | D.Poor adaptability. |
A.They are regularly disturbed by tourists |
B.Their quantity isn’t increased as expected. |
C.The locals lack awareness of protecting them |
D.They fail to adjust to unfamiliar surroundings |
A.Frequent patrols. | B.Modern technology. |
C.Economic advances. | D.Genetic transformation. |
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【推荐1】Every year from May to July, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from regions in Qinghai, Tibet autonomous region, and Xinjiang autonomous region make their way to Hoh Xil nature reserve in Qinghai to give birth. The mothers and newborn Tibetan antelopes make the return trip around August.
This journey is rather tough. More than 90 percent of the female animals give birth every year, but only about 30 percent of the newborns survive. Many of them die on the return journey, unable to withstand the predators(捕食性动物) and disease. The government has adopted some high-tech methods to assist in the safe return of newborn antelopes and protect the species.
In 2013, with the help of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, researchers discovered and confirmed the largest Tibetan antelope “birth room” on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and they mapped the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. Since late 2018, a solar-powered drone has been used to monitor the migration herds. “The solar-powered drone has a long flying time with high-resolution cameras, which gives us a new understanding of many specific routes during the migration of Tibetan antelopes,” said Wu Xiaomin, an expert from the Shaanxi Institute of Zoology. “For example, the nomads(牧民) put fences on the grassland to protect the grass, but sometimes these hinder the normal activity of the Tibetan antelopes.”
To clear the way for the Tibetan antelopes, the government of the Tibet has taken action in recent years to give more protected space to wildlife. They relocate nomads from places at altitudes above 4,800 meters to other places in the region.
Known as “plateau elves”, Tibetan antelopes have adapted to the unique and severe natural conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to Wu, the Tibetan antelope is recognized as an important indicator species of the natural ecosystem.
The population of Tibetan antelopes has grown. “With a recorded low population of fewer than 20,000 in Qinghai, the number has now reached over 70,000,” said former Qinghai governor Xin Changxing at an event to mark World Environment Day.
1. What can we learn about Tibetan antelopes?A.They travel to Hoh Xil to find partners. |
B.Only 30 percent of them give birth every year. |
C.Their yearly trip to Hoh Xil takes about one month. |
D.The newborns are threatened by diseases and predators. |
A.Locating the Tibetan antelope “birth room”. |
B.Recording Tibetan antelopes’ daily activities. |
C.Watching over the migrating Tibetan antelopes. |
D.Mapping the migration routes of Tibetan antelopes. |
A.Pay attention to. | B.Cause trouble for. | C.Take control of. | D.Play an important role in. |
A.By expanding the area of reserve. | B.By driving away their predators. |
C.By encouraging nomads to protect them. | D.By relocating them to a protected place. |
【推荐2】The African Continent has various habitat types, but savanna (热带草原) ecosystems cover approximately half. And where there is savanna, there is fire. "It's an important part of the ecology of the system," says University of Liverpool ecologist James R Probert. Burning allows grasses to take the lead by keeping taller bushes from occupying the land, Loss of grasses could push out species such as wildebeest (牛 羚 ), which are famous for their splendid annual migration.
A decade ago researchers put decreasing fires within Tanzania's Serengeti National Park down to the recovery of wildebeest population following an epidemic of rinderpest, a viral disease. When millions of wildebeest feed on grass, they remove fuel from the land, making fire less frequent and less severe.
But Probert and his colleagues found that even after wildebeest populations had stabilized by the mid-1990s, fires continued to decrease in the same area. Their analysis of satellite data showed that the region experienced a 40 percent reduction in wildfires between 2001 and 2014- in line with dramatic increases in farm animals in the area.
If you have lots of farm animals eating the grass, then you have less fire. That’s well known Probert says. "But I don’t think anybody had realized the degree of the decline in fire and linked it to farm animals before.”
This is a really interesting pattern, "says University of Guelph biologist John Fryxell, who was not involved in the study. He cautions, however, that 15 years' worth of data is still a fairly small amount of information from which to draw final conclusions. "What a short-term connection like that suggests is that there's something interesting here that could provide the grounds for a deeper experimental analysis, "he adds. That research could include artificially controlling fire frequency or grazing intensity (放牧强度) in certain areas and then monitoring the land's response over time.
1. What do we know about fires in savanna?A.They only happen once in a decade. |
B.They are harmful to the growth of grasses. |
C.They help keep the balance of the ecosystem. |
D.They guarantee the leading position of taller bushes. |
A.The spread of a disease. | B.The increase in farm animals. |
C.The change of the climate. | D.The stability of wildebeest population. |
A.It might help recover the land in savanna. |
B.It could lead to further studies on savanna fire. |
C.It has proven the link between fires and grasses. |
D.It offers enough information for final conclusions. |
A.Savanna Ecosystem. | B.No More Farm Animals |
C.Eating Away Fire. | D.Controlling Wildfires |
【推荐3】Both ants and human beings respond to isolation in similar ways. In isolated individuals of both species, researchers have observed that the immune system is less efficient.
Humans and other social mammals will experience high levels of stress when they are isolated from the group, which has a negative effect on both well-being and physical health. Isolated people tend to become anxious, depressed, lonely, and more subject to addictions. They will also have a weaker immune system, and the isolation will impact their health negatively overall. While these effects have been well studied in humans and mice, relatively little is known about how isolation affects social insects.
Ants are extremely social. They will live their entire lives as part of the same colony (群体) and their survival will be entirely dependent on their nest mates. This social function is so important to them that worker ants will abandon their reproductive capacity and devote themselves to tending to the needs of the queen and the colony.
Researchers paid attention to ants of the Temnothorax nylanderi, which is a European species that will create colonies inside acorns (橡实) and sticks. These colonies consist of a few dozen workers, and the researchers took individual members and isolated them for various periods of time, from an hour to 28 days. The study revealed three key aspects of the effects of isolation.
When the isolated workers were returned to the colony, they showed less interest in other adult ants, and instead chose to spend more time with the brood (幼雏). They were also less interested in cleaning themselves, which is a behavior noticed in most social animals that are isolated. This behavior increased the risk of parasite (寄生虫) infections. The third observation was related to the gene activity of the isolated individuals — genes that were responsible for stress response and immune system function were less active. Once again, this is something observed across all social animals. What this research tells us is that social behavior is something extremely ancient and it could be traced back to a very old common ancestor between animal and insect species.
1. How are humans influenced by isolation according to the researchers?A.Their social circles shrinks quickly. |
B.They are more likely to get into addictions. |
C.Their immune system has been strengthened. |
D.They are quicker to respond to stressful situations. |
A.They remain devoted to their nest mates. |
B.They are in a constant state of mental stress. |
C.They are equally responsible for their colony. |
D.They rely much on each other in order to survive. |
A.The queen ant. | B.Their nest mates. |
C.The baby ants. | D.Their whole colony. |
A.Social isolation affects animals negatively. |
B.Isolation changes the immune system of ants. |
C.Ants react to social isolation similar to humans. |
D.Animal and insect species share the same ancestor. |
【推荐1】China’s “Little People’s Kingdom” is a theme park, where little people dance and sing in fairytale costumes, drawing both curious groups and criticism. The theme park, near Kunming City in Yunnan Province, employs 108 dwarfs from across the country, who gather on an artificial hillside twice a day to dance and sing for tourists. And all pretend to live in a tiny hilltop village.
The guests can watch shows like comedies, group dances and acrobatics (杂技). The show’s centrepiece, a funny performance of Swan Lake, sees performers dressed in special pink costumes and pretending to be little swans. “The first time I performed it (Swan Lake) I felt a bit embarrassed. I had never worn a skirt like that before. But later, once I got used to it, I found I could do it very well,” said Chen Ruan, from Hunan Province who joined the park when it opened.
For many of the employees, the park offers a rare opportunity to find work. As unlikely as it seems for men and women doing daily funny performances of Swan Lake, they think that it feels good to live in dormitories that look like caves while living with people with similar experiences. In addition, the life facilities in the park are made according to their special needs. Besides, performers in the park earn 2,000 yuan a month, around twice the salary of a high school graduate.
The founder of the park, Chen Ming, made his fortune by producing electronics and investing, but said he had always wanted to help the disadvantaged groups in the community. People, like human right activists (积极分子) for the disabled, think that such a park only encourages the discrimination against little people. The only requirement for participants to be employed at the theme park is to be shorter than 51 inches and be able to take care of themselves in daily life. The youngest employee is 18, and the oldest is 48.
1. According to Chen Ming, he founded the park to ________.A.do good for society |
B.invest money and increase his fortune |
C.create a ballet show of Swan Lake |
D.let people know more about the dwarfs |
A.worried | B.boring |
C.upset | D.satisfied |
a.Having the ability to look after themselves.
b.No taller than 51 inches.
c.Aged between 18 and 48.
d.Being a high school graduate.
A.a and b | B.a and c |
C.b and d | D.c and d |
A.The employees perform for tourists in nature. |
B.The employees perform twice a day. |
C.The 108 employees come from all over the world. |
D.The park lies in the city of Kunming. |
【推荐2】Tropical nations have never won a medal at the Winter Olympics. But this has not stopped more and more countries from striving to break this fate. At the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, some of these countries are “coming for gold”. Let’s check them out.
From Arabian Dunes to Ice Slopes
Fayik Abdi, 24, was Saudi Arabia’s only representative at the Winter Olympics and competed in alpine skiing. The Winter Olympics, which opened in the Chinese capital on February 4, was the first participation in Saudi Arabia’s history. In this part of Saudi Arabia, snow falling from the sky is a rarity, enough to make news all over the world.
So, how did Abdi get here? His Olympic dream had an unusual start. Abdi initially responded to an ad, like more than 100 other applicants. It was handed out by the newly established Saudi Arabian Winter Sports Federation, looking for potential candidates to join the Olympic team. Abdi learned to ski at the age of four, and when he was in college in the United States, he took to the slopes whenever he had time. And his journey, as a trend representative of more and more “snowless” countries participating in the Winter Olympics, is a perfect fit. When the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924, only 14 European countries and the United States and Canada participated. By the last Winter Olympics hosted by Pyeongchang, South Korea, in 2018, a record 92 countries had participated.
Jamaica Snow Team
When it comes to a “layout country participating in the Winter Olympics”, you often think of Jamaica, a Caribbean island country, mainly because Hollywood had a movie Cool Runnings in 1993. The film is based on the Jamaican four-person snow team at the 1988 Calgary Winter Olympics in Canada. The film not only entertained audiences all over the world, but also inspired other “snowless countries” to try it out.
Although Jamaica had participated in the two-person snowmobile event in several Winter Olympics since then, the Beijing Winter Olympics was the first time the country had participated in the men’s four-person snowmobile event since the Nagano Winter Olympics in 1998.
In Beijing, the Caribbean island nation also had a men’s duo sled team, while Jazmine Fenlator-Victoria competed in the women’s sled.
1. What does the underlined word “rarity” mean in Paragraph 2?A.Something common. | B.Something rare. |
C.Something expensive. | D.Something important. |
A.Abdi learned to ski when he was six. |
B.Only fourteen countries took part in the first Winter Olympics. |
C.More and more countries participate in the Winter Olympics. |
D.The movie Cool Runnings is based on the Jamaican four-person snow team at the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics Winter Olympics. |
A.A science fiction. | B.A novel. |
C.A travel guide. | D.A sport magazine. |
A.Snowless tropical nations want to fight for gold. |
B.Jamaica Snow Team competed in Winter Olympics in Beijing. |
C.Different Winter Olympics in history. |
D.Beijing Winter Olympics. |
【推荐3】NEW YORK — Video producer and musician Justin Scholar enjoyed his exciting moment weeks ago when he spotted his latest work — a tourism video for Southwest China’s Chongqing city — playing on a huge LED screen at New York's Times Square.
The video was shot and produced in China, where Scholar now lives and owns a media company. After taking his first Mandarin (普通话) class in high school seven years ago, Scholar had listed China as a future destination and made his first trip to Shanghai in 2015 through a study-abroad program when he was a student in New York University.
Though he had been told what urban life in China was like beforehand, it was still “a far cry” from what he saw with his own eyes, says Scholar. During the semester (学期) in Shanghai, Scholar spent most of the time learning ink-and-wash painting, calligraphy, which enriched his artistic skills with a touch of Eastern aesthetics. He also ate a lot of authentic steamed meat buns (小笼包). “Shanghai is an incredibly efficient, modern city,” says Scholar. “To have this unbelievably accurate and fast metro, though sometimes crowded and to have very clean streets and bright lights at night, and people pouring in by the thousands ... that's so impressive” These may explain Scholar's return to Shanghai two years later, when his career at home was already thriving after making commercials for big names such as Coca-Cola and Jaguar. Despite his parents' doubts and worries, Scholar went back to Shanghai on his 24th birthday with an ambition to launch his own company.
Thanks to a combination of luck and talent, he achieved the goal soon with a Chinese friend as his business partner. The video that plays at Times Square — a tourism film for Southwest China's Chongqing city — was the company's first project contracted by a local government in China.
1. When did Justin Scholar begin to learn Chinese?A.When he was seven years old. |
B.After he graduated from high school. |
C.After he made his first trip to Shanghai. |
D.When he was a high school student. |
A.He disliked the authentic food in Shanghai. |
B.What he saw was far from what he had heard of. |
C.He returned to Shanghai with the support of his parents. |
D.The metro system caused him more pain rather than convenience. |
A.achieving great success |
B.suffering great loss |
C.subscribing |
D.declining |
A.A science fiction | B.A travel guide |
C.A news report | D.A food journal. |