【推荐2】Every year, some 2.3 million women and men around the world died from work-related accidents or diseases — that’s more than 8, 000 deaths every single day — and at least 402 million people suffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship. And it comes with a huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4 percent loss of annual global GDP.

A safe and healthy working environment is so important that in June 2022 the ILO (International Labor Organization) took a historic step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work.

Why does this matter? It matters because occupational safety and health can now no longer be viewed as an optional extra. All of the ILO’s 186 member states are now required to respect, promote and achieve a safe and healthy working environment as a fundamental principle and right at work.

This is significant for several reasons. First, it recognizes that every worker has the right to be protected from dangers and risks that can cause injury, illness or death in the workplace.

By making occupational safety and health (OSH) a fundamental right, the ILO is sending a clear message to governments and employers of all countries that they must take responsibility for providing a safe and healthy working environment for all workers.

When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely to be more productive and efficient. This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy. Conversely, when workers are injured or become ill due to workplace dangers, it can have a significantly negative impact on productivity and economic growth.

A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental right for each and every worker. Governments, employers, trade unions as well as companies must work together to make this right a reality.

1. What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．To draw a conclusion.	B．To introduce the topic.
C．To warn us of the danger at work.	D．To call for the need of safety environment.

2. What does a safe and healthy working environment mean to each side?

A．It means a basic right to the ILO.	B．It means life and death to employers.
C．It means a fundamental obligation to workers.	D．It means economic growth to the government.

3. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 6?

A．Consequently.

B．Contrarily.

C．Conventionally.

D．Commonly.

4. What may be discussed in the following paragraph after the last one?

A．The joint efforts by the four sides.	B．The potential improvements to make.
C．The history of workers’ sufferings.	D．The measures workers take to get protected.

【推荐3】A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles. The researchers explained that the production of glass bottles involves much greater amounts of energy and natural resources.

Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic, which also requires a lot of energy to mass-produce, and breaks down into smaller particles (微粒) that are affecting natural environments worldwide. However, according to the new study, glass bottles’ total environmental impacts are much bigger than plastic bottles^, when certain factors are accounted for, such as their contribution to climate change through overmuch energy use.

“A large amount of energy is needed to heat the raw materials to make glass,“ explained study co-author and postgraduate researcher Alice Brock. ”During the melting of the raw materials for glass, gas pollutants such as SO2 and CO2 can be released,^5, said Brock. “And since glass requires materials to be mined for its production — silica sand, soda ash and dolomite — these have all the associated environmental impacts on mining such as land degradation (退化) and dust from the mines reaching water sources.” According to Brock, silica sand mining can also cause silicosis, a disease caused by tiny silica particles reaching lungs, so there is also a considerable impact on human health.

The major advantage of glass over plastic is that it is more durable (耐用 的).A glass bottle can be reused between 12 and 20 times. Unfortunately, glass bottles are often thrown away after a single use. ^“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once. Just recycling isn’t enough, said Brock, “We need to change our mindset and move to things like refilling bottles, bottle return plans and the like if we are going to cut these environmental impacts.”

1. What is the most current research mainly about?

A．The total energy consumption of making plastic.

B．The detailed production process of plastic.

C．Plastic’s popularization in people’s daily life.

D．Plastic’s negative impacts on the environment.

2. Why is the mining of raw materials mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To show its damage to the environment and people’s health.

B．To stress the importance of the quality of raw materials.

C．To warn people to reduce the frequency of mining.

D．To indicate the complex process of making glass.

3. What’s Alice Brock’s suggestion based on the new study?

A．Improving the technology of treating used bottles.

B．Finding alternatives to the raw materials for glass.

C．Reusing glass bottles as much as possible.

D．Replacing glass bottles with plastic ones.

4. Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from?

A．Economy.

B．Geography.

C．Healthcare.

D．Environment.

【推荐1】

       

In 221 B.C , the first Emperor (Qin Shi Huang) started to build a great wall right across the north of his empire. He wanted to keep the tribes of Hans and Tartars outside his country. There were earlier walls built in some places by different kings of China, but the First Emperor, now that he ruled all China, decided to complete the wall. He decided to make it run right across from Tibet to the sea, a distance of over 1,500 miles. It took seven years to build.

The great wall ran across wild, steep, mountainous country, over the mountains and down the valleys. North and west of it there were only wild mountains and deserts, and south and east there were the rich Yellow River plains. It was built higher than a double-decker bus. In the most places it was wide enough for eight men to march side by side along the top. It was built of stones and clay. There were huge blocks of stones on the sides and on the top there were more stones. Cars could travel along the top.

About every two hundred yards there were tall, strong towers where soldiers could keep watch for the enemy, and where they could light fires to signal to each other. There were always soldiers inside these towers, winter and summer, keeping guard against attacks from the Hans. There were a few well-guarded gateways with huge wooden gates strengthened with iron nails. These connected the main roads of China to other roads through the mountains and across the desert.

The Great Wall has often been rebuilt through the centuries and much of it running like a snake across the country and can still walk along the top. Much of the traffic which passes through the ancient gateways has not changed much. But today, as well as horses and carts there are motorcars and trucks.

To build such an enormous wall across such wild and mountains country without any modern tractors or other heavy machines was very difficult. All the Emperor’s builders were thousands of men, often prisoners of war. They lifted the earth in buckers and dragged the stones in teams with ropes over their shoulders. They worked in such wild and distant places that it was difficult to supply them with enough food or to make proper shelters in which they could sleep. Thousands of workers died and were buried in the clay inside the wall. The people hated the Emperor for his cruelty. Many people were seized and forced to work on the wall far away from their homes. Many of them never came back.

Superstitious people who believed in magic used to say that the Emperor had ridden across the mountains on magic horses. The wall appeared under him as he went along. Wherever the horse stamped it foot, a watch-tower appeared. But the wall was not made by magic. It was made by the work and lives of thousands of men.

1. The Great Wall took _________ years to build.

A．221

B．1500

C．7

D．20

2. The Great Wall protected the plain in the _________ .

A．north and west

B．north and east

C．south and west

D．south and east

3. Fires were sometimes lit to ____________.

A．keep the soldiers warm and cook the food	B．keep the enemy away
C．brighten the road and cook the food	D．signal from one tower to another

4. The gateways were made for __________ to pass through.

A．horses and carts

B．cars and lorries

C．visitors and tractors

D．Hans and Tartars

5. Which statement is not true according to the passage?

A．There was clay in the middle of the wall.

B．There were no ways through the mountains and across the desert outside the wall.

C．A great number of workers died because there was not enough food and shelter.

D．There were a great many gates in the wall.

【推荐2】Architects all over the world have pushed the limits and broken boundaries when it comes to designing sports stadiums. Here are four of the most incredible stadiums across the globe.

Olympic Stadium (London, England)

The Olympic Stadium, often referred to as the “London Stadium”, was built within the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park over the course of three years for the London 2012 Summer Olympics. It seats 80,000 people and cost $809 million to create. When the exterior lights up at night, it is truly a magnificent sight.

Beijing National Stadium (Beijing, China)

With a volume of three million cubic meters, the Bird’s Nest seats 91,000 people and is often considered the largest enclosed space in the world. Construction of the stadium began in December 2003 and finished in March 2008. The entire project cost an estimated 423 million dollars!

Heinz Field (Pittsburgh, the United States)

The Heinz Field began its construction in 1999 after the previous arena was torn down. The massive stadium cost $281 million to build and included 12,000 tons of steel to represent Pittsburgh’s history of steel production and the structure seats 68,000 people.

Amsterdam Arena (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

The largest stadium in the Netherlands, the Amsterdam Arena was built from 1993 to 1996 and cost more than $160 million to create. The stadium seats about 54,000 people. The classy and effortlessly cool design was unlike anything built during that time.

1. Which stadium has the largest capacity?

A．Olympic Stadium.	B．Beijing National Stadium.
C．Heinz Field.	D．Amsterdam Arena.

2. What do we know about Heinz Field?

A．It was built within a park.

B．It is a concrete-brick structure.

C．It was unique in style at that time.

D．It lies on the site of an old stadium.

3. Where can the text be found?

A．In a history book.	B．In a fiction book.
C．In an architecture magazine.	D．In a biography.