Across the world, animals including bears, moose, lynx, squirrels and frogs are leaving their homes as the planet warms.
A study was done of more than 4,000 species from around the world. It showed that about half of them are on the move, according to National Geographic. They are moving up slopes and away from the equator toward the poles to seek cooler environments. The ones on land are moving an average of more than 16 kilometers per decade, while marine species are moving four times faster.
Mountain species in particular, “are struggling to keep pace” with global warming, said Shaye Wolf, climate science director at the Center for Biological Diversity in the US. In North America, for example, pikas used to climb an average of 13 meters per decade but it has gone up to 145 meters per decade since the late 1990s. Similarly, moths on Mount Kinabalu in Borneo, an island in the Pacific Ocean, moved up 67 meters in altitude to escape rising temperatures. “We’re concerned many species won’t be able to move quickly enough, or that they will run out of mountaintop to flee,” said Wolf.
In some cases, moving species can lead to big changes in the whole ecosystem, as such areas aren’t able to deal with it. In Australia’s seas, kelp forests are being destroyed by tropical fish that have come in to eat them, threatening the survival of rock lobster, which also feeds on help forests.
And this is just adding fuel to the fire, making climate change worse. Take the pole ward spread of bark beetles in northern hemisphere forests as an example. The beetles attack trees that might already have been weakened by warmer, drier conditions, leading to more pest outbreaks and tree deaths. These, in turn, provide more fuel for forest fires, releasing more planet-warming carbon dioxide.
Climate-driven species’ movement shouldn’t be a concern only for scientists — it should worry everyone, Nathalie Pettorelli, at the Zoological Society of London, UK, told the Guardian. “The world as a whole isn’t fully prepared to deal with the range of issues emerging from species moving across local, national, and international boundaries”.
1. How are mountain species influenced by the global warming?| A．They are moving slower than they used to. |
| B．They are having a difficult time adapting to it. |
| C．They are moving downhill to cooler environment. |
| D．They are struggling with the warmer temperatures. |
| A．Tropical fish threaten to eat lobster. |
| B．The beetles make trees warmer and drier. |
| C．Dealing with environmental problems faces new challenges. |
| D．Moving species make some change in the whole ecosystem. |
| A．More concern and action from the public. |
| B．A focus on improving forest ecosystems. |
| C．Stricter regulations on animal movement. |
| D．Increased research on species movement. |
| A．Keeping pace means moving slowly. |
| B．Large quantities of pest are the final killer of tree deaths. |
| C．Marine animals are moving a little faster than those on land. |
| D．Many animals flee their home because of the occupation of their habitats. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】It’s hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them before eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.
One reason for this is climate change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected data from 27 countries and regions that produce 86 percent of the world’s bananas. They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the past 60 years the average yield has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare.
However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries, including India, the world’s biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out.
Shouldn’t bananas grow more easily if it’s hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature range for growing bananas is between 24℃ and 32℃. If temperatures get too high, they will stop growing.
Another reason for this phenomenon is diseases. Unlike other crops, the bananas we grow come from shoot cuttings rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same genotype. In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plants it could kill them all.
One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus（真菌）in the soil, it spreads easily. It has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again. Scientists have not found a cure for this disease.
1. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．People’s love for bananas. | B．The taste of bananas. |
| C．The future disappearance of bananas. | D．The convenience of eating bananas |
| A．More countries will start to grow bananas. |
| B．Bananas will not be able to grow any more. |
| C．Bananas will grow better in most countries. |
| D．Bananas won’t be as tasty as before. |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．What diseases bananas may suffer from. | B．How bananas are grown. |
| C．How diseases can easily kill bananas. | D．Which diseases can kill bananas. |
【推荐2】Observing animals in the wild can be a great experience, but do you know the forest can be dangerous?
Be aware of your surroundings. Don’t wear headphones or look down at your phone screen when you’re walking through the forest. Pay attention to what’s going on around you. If you see animal tracks, keep an eye out for nearby animals.
Keep your distance if you see an animal.
Don’t bother baby animals. Never approach a baby animal in the wild, even if it appears to be alone.
| A．Keep your food away from wild animals |
| B．The baby animal’s mother is likely nearby |
| C．If you notice an baby animal walking nearby |
| D．Never approach wild animals or attempt to feed them |
| E．Slowly back away from the animal until it’s out of sight |
| F．When the tracks are heading in the same direction you’re walking in |
| G．Many wild animals in the forest will attack humans if annoyed deliberately |
【推荐3】Everyone would like to be nice to their pets! Here are some tips for you to keep your pets well.
Control the amount of food. Feed them not too little, but not too much, either. You have to tell the difference between the times when they ’re hungry and the times when they’re just trying to get food. Clean their food and drink bowls at least once a day.
Take dogs on walks. Most dogs don’t like to be kept in a house all day long.
Take them to the vet (兽医) regularly. Your pet may not like it.
If you had to take your dog to the hospital, he might be afraid of riding in cars.
| A．Wait for sharing. |
| B．It’s the same with us. |
| C．Pay much attention to your pets. |
| D．Make sure it has a warm place to live in. |
| E．They like to get out and enjoy the fresh air. |
| F．In that case, take very short car rides that lead somewhere full of fun. |
| G．However, it’s better to do it often now than to find out later that your pet has a disease. |
【推荐1】For decades, scientists have tried to figure out ways to reverse (扭转) climate change by pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and storing it underground. Companies, researchers and the US government have spent billions of dollars on the research and development of different approaches, yet they remain too expensive to reduce carbon emissions.
Graphyte, a new company assisted by Bill Gates’s investment group Breakthrough Energy Ventures, announced earlier that it has created a method for turning bits of wood chips and rice hulls into low-cost, dried chunks of plant matter. Those carbon-storing chunks of plant, which look a bit like shoebox-sized Lego blocks, can then be buried deep underground for hundreds of years. The approach, the company claims, could store CO2 at an acceptable price.
Graphyte’s approach uses the power of plants and trees to photosynthesize(进行光合作用) and pull carbon dioxide from the air. While trees and plants are excellent at carbon capture, they don’t store that carbon for very long when a plant burns or rots. Graphyte plans to avoid that by taking plant waste from timber harvesters and drying it thoroughly, removing all the microbes that could cause it to decay and release greenhouse gases. Then, in a process that they call “carbon casting, ”it will press the waste together and wrap it into Lego-like bricks, for easier storage about 10 feet underground. With the right monitoring systems, it is said that the blocks can stay there for a thousand years.
“The simplicity of the Graphyte approach is so exciting, said Daniel Sanchez, who runs the Carbon Removal Lab at the University of California at Berkeley, and serves as a science adviser for Graphyte. ”You don’t need very expensive equipment or processes. And it locks up a lot of the carbon in the wood -nearly all of it. “Other approaches are much more complicated and, although proved, are much more costly than the new company’s estimated costs. Graphyte is planning its first project now.
1. What prevents the application of the previous research?| A．The disapproval from government. | B．The diverse opinions of companies. |
| C．The high expenses. | D．The lack of researchers. |
| A．How Bill Gates contributes to helping Graphyte. |
| B．The way of handling CO2 found by Graphyte. |
| C．The methods of reducing the cost of storing CO2. |
| D．How Graphyte applies Lego to their new invention. |
| A．They can be stored underground longer. | B．They are to help trees capture carbon. |
| C．They have their own monitoring system. | D．They are made of rotted plant matter. |
| A．The detailed price of the blocks. | B．The disadvantages of the blocks. |
| C．The future project of Graphyte. | D．The aid from more researchers. |
【推荐2】Amazing Waterfalls (瀑布) From All over the World
Sutherland Falls
Sutherland Falls is located in Fiordland, New Zealand, and it shows, an amazing 1,902-foot fall. Donald Sutherland discovered the waterfall in 1880 and he was the first to focus his eyes on the beautiful waterfall. With a striking lake at the top of the falls and mountains set in the background there, it is a really good view.
Detian Falls
This waterfall is on the border of China and Vietnam. It is about 300 feet wide, 164 feet high and comes from Guichun Boundary River. Located in the foreground are beautiful rice and vegetable fields and the background is nothing but the jungle. While Detian Falls may be great, it is not respected as one of the best waterfalls on the planet and we think that isn't fair.
Gocta Falls
While Gocta Falls has been an important place for the locals of Peru for centuries, it wasn't really known to the rest of the world until 2005! This is an unbelievable fact that Gocta Falls is among the five highest waterfalls on the entire planet, about 2,490 feet high. This is probably the farthest trip on the list but the views are worth it.
McWay Falls
McWay Falls is located on the Central Coast of California near Big Sur. While this water-fall looks completely tiny compared-to many others on this list, it is still a worthwhile destination. This waterfall is only 80 feet high but it feeds into a beautiful bay right off the Pacific Ocean. With the endless ocean to your left, a waterfall to your back, and comfortable rocks keeping you in the bay, there is no more beautiful place to be.
1. What can we see in front of Detian Falls?| A．A lake. | B．The ocean. | C．Bays. | D．Crops. |
| A．It is the fifth highest waterfall in Peru. |
| B．It is the most difficult waterfall to reach. |
| C．It became world-known in the 21st century. |
| D．It was discovered by the locals of Peru in 2005. |
| A．Sutherland Falls. | B．Detian Falls. | C．Gocta Falls. | D．McWay Falls. |
【推荐3】Beethoven wrote many famous pieces of music, but he’s probably best known for his nine symphonies. A symphony is a long, complicated piece of classical music, usually divided into four parts. The four parts are often linked by “themes” — repeated musical ideas that tie the whole piece together.
When Beethoven died in 1827, he had some ideas for a 10th Symphony. But all that he left behind were some notes about the piece and a few “sketches” — short bits of written music.
In 2019, a special team of musicians, computer scientists, and historians was formed. Their goal: to try to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony to celebrate his 250th birthday. The team didn’t just want to complete the symphony, they wanted to come as close as possible to producing the symphony that Beethoven meant to write. That’s where deep learning came in. Deep learning — sometimes called Artificial Intelligence (AI) — describes computer programs that sort deeply through huge amounts of information. This allows them to find patterns humans may not have noticed. The programs can then use those patterns in new and surprising ways.
To train an AI to help with the symphony, the team turned every piece of music that Beethoven ever wrote into a form the computer could understand.
By feeding the program all of Beethoven’s music, the AI could look for patterns in the way Beethoven wrote. This included, for example, how he re-used simple melodies all through a piece to create a theme, or how he moved between different parts of the symphony.
Other members of the team studied Beethoven’s notes and sketches, and worked to figure out what Beethoven was planning to do. Where in the symphony did he plan to use each little bit of music that he left?
________. They played a few minutes of music created by the AI for Beethoven experts, musicians, and reporters. No one could tell which parts had been written by Beethoven and which parts the AI made up.
Finally, the AI had the challenge of trying to connect the little musical bits into a symphony. It took over two years, but the team was able to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony. Not simply a melody, but 40 minutes of music for a full orchestra — a large group of musicians playing everything from string instruments, like violins, to trumpets, flutes, drums, and piano. So Beethoven now has a 10th Symphony. And though Beethoven didn’t write it all, the team feels sure that the music is very much like what he might have written, if he’d had the chance.
1. What does “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to?| A．How to improve Beethoven’s symphonies. |
| B．How to celebrate Beethoven’s 250th birthday. |
| C．How to restore Beethoven’s original thought accurately. |
| D．How to complete Beethoven’s 10th Symphony efficiently. |
| A．The test showed the team was on the right track. |
| B．The newly created music was beyond comparison. |
| C．The 10th Symphony was presented to be successful. |
| D．The first attempt proved the symphony was a masterpiece. |
| A．They trained an AI to follow every note that Beethoven wrote. |
| B．Computer programs were written to turn these patterns into notes. |
| C．They taught AI to figure out how the music was played by Beethoven. |
| D．The AI managed to discover the patterns after processing the programs. |
| A．AI Is Applied to Playing Classical Music. |
| B．AI Is Used to Finish Beethoven’s Music. |
| C．The Process of Beethoven’s Creation of Music. |
| D．Beethoven’s Last but the Most Famous Symphony. |
【推荐1】It’s a few weeks since both the United States and the European Union confirmed the hottest average global temperature ever recorded. Intense and unusual heat waves, along with fires, storms, and other extreme weather events, seemed to make 2023 the year when climate change became more disturbing.
Of course, climate change is more complicated than things simply getting hotter, but the overall warming of the earth is perhaps the most direct consequence of the carbon dioxide we have released (释放) into the atmosphere since the 19th century. What to do about this problem is the subject of this month’s cover story, in which writer Sam Howe Verhovek and photographer Davide Monteleone take a closer look at carbon removal.
Ideas for how to remove carbon from the atmosphere and store or use it in some way have been around for a long time, but we’ve made little progress. Now we may be at the point where urgency, combined with technological advances, market demands, and creative vision, is making carbon removal a better choice for helping us manage the climate crisis.
Many environmentalists argue that carbon removal is a red herring (鲱鱼) that take our attention away from the need to dramatically reduce our emissions(排放). The first industrial revolution got us into this mess; maybe a second one can assist us with getting out of it.
1. What makes the year of 2023 more disturbing?| A．The wildfire led to heavy forest loss. |
| B．Various types of climate disaters occured frequently. |
| C．The global temperature broke the historical record. |
| D．Extreme weather caused a large number of death↵. |
| A．The rise of average global temperature. |
| B．The technology of global carbon removal. |
| C．The emission of carbon dioxide for a long time. |
| D．The changes of complicate c climate in the late years. |
| A．Unsatisfied. | B．Unclear. | C．Thrilled. | D．Approving. |
| A．Making carbon removal. | B．Reducing carbon emission. |
| C．Slowing down the industrial development. | D．Enhancing the second industrial revolution. |
【推荐2】A warmer global climate will certainly mean more than just more sweat! It may, for example, change wind and rain patterns and it may lead to rising sea levels. These changes will affect plant and animal life as well as human health. The future climate will be determined partly by how many greenhouse gases are emitted (散发). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has identified (识别) how much we can expect the climate to change. According to the IPCC, if we don t take action to limit emissions of greenhouse gases, by 2100 we can expect the mean surface temperature to increase by (1.4-58C) compared to 1990 the sea level to rise between 9 and 88 cm 5-20% more rain and snow.
The reason why scientists do not know whether the temperature will increase by a little more than one degree or up to six degrees is that, first, they do not know how many greenhouse gases will be emitted in the future, and second it is still uncertain how sensitive (敏感的) the climate on Earth is to emissions of greenhouse gases.
Moreover, the above figures are averages (平均值) for the entire planet. This means that some places may become much warmer, while others may change little, or even become cooler. But the degree of climate change that a certain country faces has little to do with how many greenhouses gases have been emitted. Greenhouse gases are well mixed with the other gases in the air. After they are emitted, they do not stay in the same place, but spread throughout the atmosphere. Once they are there they stay a long time. This is why it is not true that the biggest emitters will suffer the biggest climate changes. The most serious results of an increased greenhouse effect are just as likely to show up in places far away from where the emissions began.
1. Global warming will lead to________.| A．higher sea levels | B．a good harvest |
| C．a changeable economy | D．greenhouse gases |
| A．the scientists haven’t found a way to measure it |
| B．the temperature is so changeable that we can not measure it |
| C．the scientists are not sure about the number of the greenhouse gases that will be emitted |
| D．there have been few changes in recent years |
| A．The whole planet will become warmer and warmer. |
| B．The mixed air will stay in the same place. |
| C．The biggest changes always happen in the cities which are the biggest emitters. |
| D．It is possible that greenhouse gases will have effects on faraway places. |
【推荐3】This summer, daytime temperatures topped 100 degrees for a full month in northwest China. Southern Europe experienced waves of 100-plus degree days. Heat waves show a serious reality: human-driven climate change is making extreme heat worse worldwide. But health-threatening heat isn’t the only result of record-breaking weather: air pollution happens when the temperatures rise according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization.
The new report, which focuses on 2022, shows the growing risk of air pollution connected to wildfires. Hotter temperatures increase the risk of large the risk of large, hot-burning fires, which can pump enormous plumes of smoke into the air. That smoke causes health problems near the fire but also for people thousands of miles downwind.
Extreme heat, also drives up the likelihood of drought, which in turn makes big dust storms more likely. Great clouds of fine dust blew off major deserts last year, particularly affecting the Arabian Peninsula region. Southern Europe also got hit by a major dust storm after a heat wave baked the deserts of northern Africa in the summer.
“That’s a very bad combination of conditions,” says Julie Nicely, an atmospheric chemist at the University of Maryland, who worked on the report. That mix is particularly dangerous for elderly people, or people with breathing sensitivities. “That is very bad for the lungs and the cardiovascular (心血管),” she says.
Air pollution levels have dropped in the past few decades in response to environmental regulations like the Clean Air Act in the United States. Ozone pollution (臭氧污染), however, remains a problem. The report authors point out that the extra heat in the atmosphere driven by climate change overpowers even the gains made by strict environmental protections. The authors suggested focusing on the importance of slowing or changing human-caused climate change as quickly as possible.
“Climate change and air quality cannot be treated separately. They go hand in hand and must be solved together to break this cycle,” WMO Secretary General Petteri Taalas said in a press release.
1. Why is the extreme weather in northwest China and southern Europe mentioned in Para l?| A．To introduce the topic. |
| B．To show the serious situation. |
| C．To warn people of the bad weather. |
| D．To compare two countries’ weather. |
| A．Air pollution is likely to be solved in the future. |
| B．Climate change and air quality are closely connected. |
| C．It’s no use slowing or changing human-caused climate change. |
| D．People’s efforts to protect the environment make no difference. |
| A．It deals with the air pollution completely. |
| B．It makes a big difference to the air problem. |
| C．It has made the problem of air pollution worse. |
| D．It is partly effective in dealing with air pollution. |
| A．A science magazine. |
| B．A travel brochure. |
| C．A research paper. |
| D．An encyclopedia. |
