Oilpaper umbrellas (油纸伞), with a history of over 1,000 years in China,     1     (be) once everywhere. Nowadays people use the handmade umbrellas     2     (little) in daily life than before. However, they are a symbol of Chinese     3     (tradition) culture.

Yuhang in Hangzhou is known for     4     (make) oilpaper umbrellas for over 230 years.

Umbrellas there take more than 70 steps to make, such as making bamboo ribs and pasting (糊) paper.     5     takes at least a week to make an umbrella. In 2007, this kind of umbrella was added to Zhejiang Province’s intangible cultural heritage list.

In 2015, Liu Weixue left a well paid job to learn this art     6     his grandfather. “I want to bring this art to life.” Liu said. “When it rains, someone uses the oilpaper umbrella—that’s     7     I want to see.”

After Liu mastered the skills, a studio     8     (start) in Yuhang, where he gathered umbrella-making masters.     9     (sell) umbrellas, Liu opened an online shop in 2017. It now has more than 80,000 followers. Liu hopes this art can be passed on. He goes to schools in Yuhang to teach students. He also shows up at events and     10     (activity) in different places to show more people the charm of this art.

During the Tang Dynasty(618-907) in China, Buddhism (佛教)     1     (become) very popular and there was a strong need to produce a large number of Buddhist scriptures (经文).     2     (copy) by hand could not meet the rising demand. So, ancient Chinese craftsmen came up with       3     new way to make lots of copies-woodblock printing.

Traditional woodblock printing can be divided     4     four main steps: writing, carving (雕刻), printing and binding. Each of these steps involves many smaller tasks, and in total, about 30 steps     5     (need) to create a woodblock print.

Carving is at the heart of woodblock printing because this step can make       6    break the final print. Skilled craftsmen carve characters and pictures to create raised areas or lines     7    will hold ink for printing.

One famous example of woodblock printing is the Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist scripture     8     (print) in 868. It’s considered the “earliest dated printed book” and is kept in the British Library. This ancient art form not only shows the wisdom of our ancestors but also the beauty of Chinese craftsmanship over the centuries.

Before printing, writing allowed people to share their thoughts, but the       9     (invent) of printing made knowledge something everyone could     10     (easy) access and enjoy.

Each country has its own ''cultural faces''. Abai Qunaubaiuly is one of Kazakhstan's faces.

Arguably one of the     1    (great) poets of the country, Abai was also a philosopher(哲学家),a musician and an intellectual (知识分子)    2     made science and   education well     3     (know).

Abai's poems, which covered     4     wide range of topics such as love, happiness and hope, described the natural     5     (beautiful) of Kazakh grassland and reflected changes in Kazakhstan's lifestyle.

Through his poetry, Abai helped to preserve ancient Kazakh folklore (民间传说)and he     6     (found) Kazahstan's written literature. Before that, most of the country's literature had   been largely passed down due to its nomadic (游牧的)traditions.

Abai, who    7    (educate) with both easlem and weslem sources, also greatly   influenced the central Asian country by translating and introducing European works and ideas of l’efonn. He believed in human dignity and human potential (潜能)through education.

Abai passed away in 1904, but he has had a very big influence on Kazakhstan and beyond. He was featured on Kazakhstair's banknote. A subway station is named       8     him, along with a street, a square, a theatre, and many schools. He has come to represent Kazakhstan     9     (lie), with his name     10     (stand) in global cities.