If your mother wants to tell you something, she uses words. Birds cannot talk as we do. But some birds can make sounds to warn their young of danger. They have their own way to make the young birds do certain things.
The jackdaw is a kind of blackbirds that lives in Europe. Jackdaws live together in flocks. Young jackdaws do not know their enemies. When an older jackdaw sees a dog, it makes a loud rattling sound. The younger birds know this sound means an enemy is nearby. The sound warns them to know their enemies.
If a young jackdaw is in a dangerous place, a jackdaw parent flies over him from behind. The parent bird flies low over the young bird’s back. The parent’s tail feathers move quickly from side to side. It is trying to say, “Follow me.”
At the same time, the parent calls out, “Key-aw, key-aw.” The parent means, “Fly home with me.” The young bird then follows the older one home.
Young jackdaws do not have to learn what certain sounds mean. They know the meaning of these sounds from the time they hatch.
1. The jackdaw lives in ________.A.Europe | B.Australia | C.America | D.Africa |
A.calls out, “Follow me.” | B.makes a loud sound |
C.flies away | D.fights the dog |
A.In a travel leaflet. | B.In a fantasy novel. |
C.In a health report. | D.In a science magazine. |
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【推荐1】It was a large fish market northwest of Mumbai. Shark fins were sent onto tables. Tens of millions of sharks are killed for the fin trade every year, and a quarter of the world’s sharks, rays, and ghost sharks are in danger. The international trade in many species is not allowed, but it can be nearly impossible for wildlife officials to tell whether the fins here are from protected species.
The samples could be sent to n lab for DNA testing, but the test would take a full day. But Shaili Johri, a post doctoral biology researcher at San Diego State University, had a handheld device, or tool, that can say what species a part belongs to in a short time, using only a small tissue (组织) sample. The gene sequencing (基因序列测定) done by the MinION device, which she was testing out at the fish market, is a promising new tool to help fight the illegal shark fin trade.
Johri with another author recently published a study in the journal Scientific Reports explaining the first use of the new device for keeping sharks and other wild animals safe from attacks. The smartphone-sized device is made by UK-based Oxford Nanopore Technologies. It has been used for the recognition of Ebola virus, among others. It is also likely to help prevent wildlife crime.
It requires a small tissue sample and a laptop. It can tell a species in three or four hours. But it has one downside the tool costs $1,000, including two original cartridges (测试盒). Every following sequencing cartridge, which can do 12 samples at once, costs an extra $500. That’s roughly $42 per sample. The traditional DNA analysis method costs as little as $5 a sample.
Hollie Booth, a sharks and rays advisor, says the MinION could have lots of practical uses, including controlling wildlife trade across countries or illegal fishing in markets. And the possibilities of this device aren’t just limited to sharks. These tools could be used to recognize elephant ivory, pangolin scales, and various other wildlife.
1. What did Johri use the MinION for at the fish market?A.Collecting tissue from endangered fish. |
B.Discovering sharks’ gene sequences. |
C.Recognizing the species of a shark. |
D.Saving sharks losing their fins. |
A.How it can help reduce wildlife crime. |
B.Its use for wildlife protection purposes. |
C.How it was developed by a UK company. |
D.Its influence on different scientific fields. |
A.It makes mistakes at times. | B.It requires more time. |
C.It is hard to use. | D.It is expensive. |
A.It will save many kinds of animals. | B.It should be used after further research. |
C.It must make technological improvements. | D.It needs more support from wildlife officials. |
【推荐2】Can animals be artistic? Painting and music are part of efforts to keep animals happy at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo.
A sloth bear (长毛熊) called Francois is one of the National Zoo’s artists. He began his artistic career two years ago. Francois has a very unusual way to paint. He uses his breathing to paint. His zookeeper, Stacey Tabellario, says that although the technique may look strange, it is actually a very natural behavior for sloth bears. The zookeepers fill one of those tubes full of paint and ask them to breathe through it. And they blow all of the paints onto the canvases (画布), making these really cool paintings.
Animal artists come in all shapes and sizes at the Zoo. They use many kinds of techniques to create their works of art. Apes use paintbrushes. Many use their paws or claws—much like a human painter who would use his or her hands.
Stacey Tabellario says Francois seems to enjoy expressing himself through his art. “When I set up the materials for painting activity, he comes and sits next to them and waits until they are ready for painting. He does that every time. I also see where his eyes go. He does see the paints come out of the tube and land on the canvas.”
But not every animal wants to paint. Music is another part of the arts enrichment program. Physically and mentally stimulating activities are an important part of the daily care of the animals. Trainers have a lot of tools, from tablet computer to small toys.
Kenton Kerns says the program helps the animals and the zookeepers in many ways. Every interaction between keepers and their animals creates some sort of connections. The one-of-a-kind works of art created by the animals are popular with zoo visitors. Many are sold at the zoo’s fund-raising events.
1. From Paragraph 2, we can learn that ________.A.Francois is a two-year-old artist at the National Zoo |
B.Francois can make fantastic paintings with paintbrushes |
C.Francois, way to paint is an unnatural behavior for sloth bears |
D.Francois paints by blowing the paints in the tubes onto the canvas |
A.blowing the tubes full of paints |
B.using their hands directly |
C.using some tools |
D.walking on the canvas |
A.can be sold at a high price |
B.are mainly popular with the kids |
C.create higher prices than the artists |
D.can be bought at the zoo’s fund-raising events |
A.Zoo animals show artistic side. |
B.Painting and music are useful in the zoo. |
C.Animals enjoy painting. |
D.Animals need enrichment too. |
【推荐3】GET A BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE WORLD’S MOST ATTRACTIVE FEATHERED ANIMALS WITH THESE BOOKS
Flamingo (火烈鸟)
Biologist and photographer Claudio Contreras Koob spent 20 years travelling deep into the wet lands and forests of his native Mexico—and beyond—to feed his flamingo attraction. This book offers a unique window into the behavior and life of red-feathered birds, with more than 120 show-stopping shots displaying their beauty. teNeues, £35.
Around the World in 80 Birds
Inspiring secrets, national pride or scientific discoveries, every bird has a story to tell, from the weaver bird building multi-nest “apartment blocks” in Namibia to the bar-headed goose taking on a twice-yearly trans-Himalayan journey at an extreme altitude. Mike Unwin’s tour is accompanied by beautiful illustrations from Ryuto Miyake. Laurence King Publishing, £22.
A World on the Wing
Pulitzer-shortlisted Weidensaul, who’s at the forefront of research into bird migration, here tracks some of nature’s most remarkable journeys. He sails through the stormy Bering Sea, encounters trappers in the Mediterranean and visits former headhunters in northeast India, where a bird migration crisis has become a conservation success story. Pan Macmillan, £9.99.
Galapagos Crusoes: A Year Alone with the Birds
Explore this updated version of the 1968 title, Galapagos: Islands of Birds, by late bird expert Bryan Nelson, with previously unpublished material from his wife, June. The couple spent a year living on two Galapagos islands, studying birds, including the Galapagos albatross (信天翁). This is their clever and amusing account. Bradt Guides, £11.99.
1. By whom is the second costliest book illustrated?A.Claudio Contreras Koob. | B.Mike Unwin. |
C.Ryuto Miyake. | D.Weidensaul. |
A.Flamingo. | B.Around the World in 80 Birds. |
C.A World on the Wing. | D.Galapagos: Island of Birds. |
A.Its humorous description. | B.Its romantic style. |
C.Its vivid imagination. | D.Its moving plot. |
【推荐1】Scientists of the University of Chicago have discovered a way to create a material that can be made like a plastic, but conducts electricity more like a metal. The research, published in Nature, shows how to make a kind of material in which the molecular (分子) pieces are disordered, but can still conduct electricity extremely well.
This goes against all of the rules we know about conductivity — to a scientist, it’s kind of seeing a car driving on water and still going 70 mph. The finding could be extraordinarily useful; if you want to invent something revolutionary, the process often first starts with discovering a completely new material.
To the scientists’ astonishment, the material easily and strongly conducted electricity. What’s more, it was very stable. “We heated it, cooled it, exposed it to air and in a wet environment, and even dropped acid and alkali (酸和碱) on it, and nothing happened,” said Xie, the first author on the paper. That is enormously helpful for a device that has to function in the real world.
But to the scientists, the most striking thing was that the molecular structure of the material was disordered. “From a fundamental picture, that should not be able to be a metal,” said Anderson, the senior author on the study. “There isn’t a solid theory to explain this.” One of the material’s attractive characteristics is that it has new options for processing. For example, metals usually have to be melted in order to be made into the right shape for a chip or device, which limits what you can make with them, since other components of the device have to be able to withstand the heat needed to process these materials.
The new material has no such limitation because it can be made at room temperatures. It can still be used where the need for a device or pieces of the device to withstand heat, acid or alkali, or a wet environment has previously limited engineers’ options to develop new technology.
1. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?A.Introduce the object to be explained. |
B.Provide an example to analyze. |
C.Offer some background information. |
D.Make necessary comparisons for the readers. |
A.To highlight the creativity of the finding |
B.To show the difficulty of the process. |
C.To explain the importance of speed. |
D.To stress the character of the car. |
A.Stable function. | B.Easy conduction. | C.Structural disorder. | D.Flexible processing. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Neutral. | C.Favorable. | D.Negative. |
【推荐2】A study, led by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, tracked the same 875 mother-child pairs in Chile for 16 years, conducting assessments at ages 1, 5, 10 and 16. At each visit researchers screened the mother for signs of depression and used cognitive (认知的) development tests on the child. They also asked questions to assess the home life, characterizing the level of engagement (密切联系) between the mother and child.
Researchers found that signs of depression in moms when the child is one are associated with lower scores on cognitive function tests for the child at age 16. “We found that mothers who were highly depressed didn’t invest (投入) emotionally or in providing learning materials to support their child, such as toys and books, as much as mothers who were not depressed. This, in turn, impacted the child’s IQ at ages 5, 10 and 16,” Patricia East, PhD, research scientist with the Department of Pediatrics at UC San Diego School of Medicine and one of the lead authors on the study, said in a statement.
The authors found the relationship in reverse to be true, as well — lower development scores early in the childlife promoted less engagement from mom and that only increased signs of maternal (母亲的) depression as the child entered into adolescence.
Children who had severely depressed mothers were found to have an average verbal IQ score of 7. 30 compared to a score of 7. 78 in children without depressed mothers.
Although seemingly small, differences in IQ from 7. 78 to 7. 30 are highly meaningful in terms of children’s verbal skills and vocabulary, said East. “Our study results show the long-term consequences that a child can experience due to long-term maternal depression.”
However, the authors recognize these families in Chile can be very different from mothers and children of other cultural backgrounds or nationalities. Besides, all the families studied were from a similar cultural background and socioeconomic status and had a similar level of education.
1. What did the researchers do in the study?A.They screened the child for signs of depression. |
B.They tested the cognitive abilities of the mother. |
C.They evaluated the mother-child pairs’ relationship. |
D.They ignored the mother’s educational background. |
A.A kid’s IQ scores were decided by the mother’s. |
B.A kid’s IQ scores were different at different ages. |
C.Depressed mothers gave birth to kids with low IQ scores. |
D.Mothers’ depression might negatively impact their kids’ IQ. |
A.a mother’s depression might lead to her kid’s depression |
B.a kid’s lower IQ prevented him from succeeding at school |
C.a mother’s depression prevented her engagement with her kid |
D.an adolescent with lower IQ worsened the mother’s depression |
A.They don’t sound controversial. |
B.They may encourage public debate. |
C.They may not be very representative. |
D.They have been confirmed in a large scale. |
【推荐3】Chewbaca climbed into the pilot seat of the Milemium Falcon as fireworks exploded above Disneyland in Anahein, California, Wednesday. Chewbacca is an imaginary creature born in the first of the Star Wars series of movies. He was in Disneyland for a ceremony to open the new Star Wars area at the theme park.
“Chewie, let’s fire up the Falcon,” said Mark Hamill, the actor who played Luke Skywalker. He also attended the event to open the more than five-and-one-half hectare area called Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge. It opened to the public Friday.
The furry Chewbacca had trouble starting the huge spaceship, which led actor Harison Ford to Surprise the crowd and offer an assist. Ford played the Siar Wars character Han Solo. He hit the side of the ship and said “Peter, this one’s for you,” in honor of Peter Mayhew, the actor who played Chewbacca in five films and died in April.
Ford stood on stage with Hamil, Disney Chief Executive Bob Iger, Star Wars creator George Lucas, and Bily Dee Williams, who performed the part of Lando Calrissian in Star Wars.
Lucas created the Star Wars movie series in 1977 and sold it to Disney in 2012. He gave high praise to Galaxy’s Edge, which is set in Black Spire Outpost, a settlement on a planet called Batuu that appeared in “Star Wars” books but never in the film.
The Star Wars area offers visitors the chance to step into the Millennium Falcon’s cockpit and control a simulated flight. Guests can also drink blue milk, eat space meat cooked by a pod-racing engine and have a drink at an outer-space restaurant.
Expectations run high from generations of fans. Many of the movie series lovers have waited 40 years since the first film to visit a real-world version of the galaxy far, far away.
Disney also aims to appeal to a broad group of Star Wars lover s as well as people without any attachment to the futuristic series.
1. Who is a human being?A.Chewbacca. | B.Chewie. | C.Mark Hamill. | D.Luke Skywalker. |
A.It’s a planet in space. | B.It’s a place in a book. |
C.It’s a settlement in a film. | D.It’s a community in the US. |
A.Taste space food. | B.Tour in the universe. |
C.Enjoy Star Wars movies. | D.Learn knowledge of space. |
A.Disneyland in California Takes on a New Look |
B.Actors of Star Wars Gather in Disneyland |
C.Dream of “Star Wars” Lovers Has Come True |
D.Disneyland Opens the Star Wars Area of the Park |