After their six-month orbital journey in the Tiangong space station, the three astronauts of Shenzhou XIV mission shared their experiences and feelings with the public on Friday in the first news conference.
Faced with domestic reporters at the Astronaut Centre of China in Beijing, mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong said that every day during their mission was full of work. For example, they were tasked with preparing for and monitoring the arrival of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules, and making three spacewalks.
Chen recalled the moment he and his teammates—Senior Colonel Liu Yang and Senior Colonel Cai Xuzhe—met their fellow astronauts in the Shenzhou XV flight inside the Tiangong station. “We had paid a lot of attention to news about the Shenzhou XV mission and the crew several days before they set out. When their spacecraft actually launched, we were watching the live broadcast and we were so happy that we kept clapping our hands for a long time. In the hours before their spacecraft arrived at the station, we were supposed to have a sleep but none of us really went to bed. The moment I was about to open the hatch after their spacecraft connected with the space station, I saw them through the window and I waved my hand to welcome them to our home, and theirs,” he said.
Liu Yang, the first Chinese woman in space, said the Shenzhou XIV was her second spaceflight and she made a paper “lucky star” each day in the mission. She said she often stared at China when the station flew over the country. “I know that there are numerous females in our nation working hard to pursue their dreams with courage and determination,” she said. “I wish that each of us could realize our ambition.” Cai Xuzhe, who made his first spaceflight, recalled that eating the vegetables they grew in the space station brought a lot of happiness to the crew, though taking care of the plants was never easy.
1. How does Chen Dong feel when seeing the launch of Shenzhou XV flight?A.Curious. | B.Twitchy. | C.Cheerful. | D.Tired. |
A.To prove the mission is difficult. | B.To confirm the crew are strong-willed. |
C.To demonstrate the experience is unusual. | D.To show the astronauts are busy. |
A.It makes her feel lucky each day. | B.It is the first space journey for Liu Yang. |
C.Women also have rights to pursue their dreams. | D.It helps grow vegetables well in space. |
A.Cabin seat. | B.Cabin door. | C.Cabin window. | D.Cabin wing. |
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【推荐1】On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000km away in New Zealand and 3,300km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC.
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
1. Which country wasn’t affected by Tonga undersea volcanic eruptions according to Paragraph 1?A.Japan. | B.America. | C.Peru. | D.Iceland. |
A.30% | B.20% | C.50% | D.70% |
A.New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely. |
B.The Iceland volcano eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed. |
C.Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption. |
D.The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Peru than ever before. |
A.the newspaper | B.a travel guide |
C.a biography | D.a chemical paper |
【推荐2】The United States space agency will send a spacecraft to explore the sun more closely than ever before on Saturday. NASA'S Parker Solar Probe(探测器)will fly through the hot solar atmosphere and come within just 6 million kilometers of the sun's surface.
The Parker Probe will get almost seven times closer to the sun than earlier spacecraft. To do this, it will fly past Venus(金星)seven times over seven years. Each pass will change the probe's orbit by providing a gravity push. It will move ever closer to the sun and straight into the corona(日冕), the sun's outermost atmosphere.
By exploring the sun's corona, scientists hope to learn why it is hundreds of times hotter than the sun's surface. They will also study what drives the solar wind.
The project was proposed in 1958, the same year NASA was established. Now, "it's becoming a reality," said project manager Andy Driesman.
The Parker spacecraft has a 2.4 meter heat shield(护罩)that is 11 centimeters thick. It is made of two carbon sheets. The front has a white coating to reflect sunlight. It is expected to shine red when it experiences the extreme solar heat. Almost everything on the spacecraft will be behind this shield to keep its scientific instruments relatively cool.
Besides, the spacecraft will also be traveling at a high speed. The probe will reach 690,000 kilometers per hour in the corona. The spacecraft will make its first flight past Venus in early October. Its first pass by the sun is expected in November.
The Parker Solar Probe is the first NASA spacecraft to be named after someone who is still alive. Eugene Parker is a 91-year-old professor at the University of Chicago. He predicted the existence of solar wind 60 years ago. He plans to be at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in the southern state of Florida to see the launch.
1. What's the advantage of the Parker Probe compared to the earlier ones?A.It can change the orbit by flying past the sun. |
B.It can get closer to the sun and into the corona. |
C.It can study the effect of solar wind. |
D.It can fly through the hot solar atmosphere without protection. |
A.Human had little achievements in exploring the sun. |
B.Eugene Parker is the first one to study the sun. |
C.The Parker Probe has to get close to the sun with the help of Venus. |
D.Human can get close to the sun's surface within 6 million kilometers today. |
A.He started NASA. |
B.He foresaw the solar wind when he was 31. |
C.He designed the Parker spacecraft. |
D.He will study the sun using the Parker spacecraft. |
A.a story book | B.an advertisement |
C.a science fiction | D.a news report |
【推荐3】The JD report said Chinese shoppers are also attaching greater importance to health and personal image management, with personal care, beauty, smart-home and healthcare products gaining popularity.
Wang Yun, a researcher at the Academy of Macroeconomic Research, said: “Chinese shoppers are more concerned about safety and health, and they prefer to buy high-quality products, as well as enjoy services that make their life safer and more comfortable. Health-related commodities, including nutrition products, medicine and fitness equipment, have been increasingly favored by consumers.”
With the adoption of continuously enhanced COVID-19 prevention and control measures, China’s consumer market has witnessed a notable recovery, Wang said, adding that she is optimistic that consumption momentum (势头) will be maintained this year, with the growth rate expected to reach more than 6 percent.
Liu Hui, director of JD’ s Consumption and Industry Development Research Institute, said tech-savvy members of Generation Z — people born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s — are emerging as mainstream consumers and the major force driving the growth of new products. Brand owners and manufacturers are increasingly placing greater emphasis on purchasing demand among the post-1995 generation, and are customizing new products especially for this group, Liu said.
This year China will focus on boosting domestic demand by prioritizing the recovery and expansion of consumption. Analysts said the consumption recovery will be the main force boosting the nation’s economic rebound (回升) in 2023.
1. What can we know from Paragraph 1?A.Shoppers care less about their appearance. |
B.Products irrelevant to health gain popularity. |
C.Shoppers prefer to buy products of high quality. |
D.Shoppers are concerned more about their fitness. |
A.Remarkable. | B.Available. | C.Flexible. | D.Adaptable. |
A.China will pay more attention to foreign demand. |
B.Generation Z includes people born before the 1990s. |
C.Generation Z had been the major force of consumption. |
D.New products will be targeted at the post-1995 generation. |
A.China’s Consumption Witnesses A Steady Recovery |
B.Industries Emphasize the Demand of Consumers |
C.Generation Z ls Mainstream Consumers |
D.Consumers Stress Health and Safety |
【推荐1】The world’s first luxury space hotel, Aurora Station, was announced Thursday at the Space 2. 0 Summit in San Jose, California. Developed by US-based space technology start-up Orion Span, the space station will host six people at a time, including two crew members, for 12-day trips of space travel. It plans to welcome its first guests in 2022.
“Our goal is to make space accessible to all,” Frank Bunger, CEO and founder of Orion Span, said in a statement. “Upon launch, Aurora Station goes into service immediately, bringing travelers into space quickly and at a lower price point than ever seen before.”
While a $10 million trip is outside the budget of most people’s two-week vacations, Orion Span claims to offer an authentic astronaut experience. “It has taken what was historically a 24-month training to prepare travelers to visit a space station and streamlined (精简) it to three months, at a fraction (小部分) of the cost,” says Bunger. During their 12-day adventure, the super-rich travelers will fly at a height of 200 miles above the Earth’s surface in Low Earth Orbit, where they will witness incredible views of the blue planet. The hotel will orbit Earth every 90 minutes, which means guests will see around 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours.
Activities on board include taking part in research experiments such as growing food while in orbit, which guests can take home for a super-smug souvenir, and soaring over their hometown. Guests can have-live-video chats with their less-fortunate loved ones back home via high-speed wireless Internet access and, upon returning to Earth will be greeted with a specially arranged hero’s welcome. While enjoying the thrills of zero gravity, the travelers will be able to float freely through the hotel, taking in views of the northern and southern aurora from the station’s windows.
Deposits are already being accepted for future stays on the space hotel.
1. What can we know about Aurora Station?A.It was set up in San Jose, California. |
B.It is created by an international company. |
C.It will host eight people at a time. |
D.It won’t be put into operation until 2022. |
A.To popularize the astronaut experience. |
B.To make profits through this new industry. |
C.To cut down the cost for space research. |
D.To arouse the public’s awareness of science. |
A.All human beings. | B.Would-be astronauts. |
C.Wealthy travelers. | D.Specially trained researchers. |
A.Getting involved in scientific experiments. |
B.Having live video chats with people on earth. |
C.Being greeted with a specially arranged welcome. |
D.Floating freely through the hotel with zero gravity. |
【推荐2】Health in space
Astronaut Frank Rubiales has returned to Earth after 371 days in space.
Being in space can affect physical wellbeing.
It’s not just physical health that is affected by being in space. Our mental health can be damaged if we don’t get enough sleep. On earth, our bodies respond through circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) to the Sun rising and setting to help us sleep, but astronauts on board the International Space Station see 16 sunsets and sunrises every day. This means that avoiding sleep deprivation is a challenge. Isolation, and spending all your time with a small group of people can also affect mental health. Along with isolation, is the pressure that comes from being constantly monitored by experts back on Earth. With possible future missions to Mars predicted to last three years, tensions within the crew could become heightened.
Developing new techniques and technology to support astronauts’ health will enable more ambitious future missions.
A.Astronaut Harry Hartfield reports an example of this where a colleague threatened to open the airlock and drain the oxygen from the spacecraft. |
B.The sacrifices of astronauts contributed to a giant leap in space exploration. |
C.It can also help those of us who are staying on Earth. |
D.Weightlessness caused by a lack of gravity can lead to a loss of bone and muscle mass. |
E.The missions do great harm to both physical and mental health of astronauts. |
F.It was only supposed to be 180, but a technical fault stopped him from returning as planned. |
【推荐3】A new study suggests water may have existed on Mars much more recently than past evidence has shown. The research is based on data collected by China’s Zhurong explorer vehicle. The explorer arrived on the planet in 2021.
Today, Mars has a cold desert climate. But past studies have provided evidence that ancient Mars had large amounts of water. This is believed to have included rivers, lakes and oceans. A study suggested that 4.3 billion years ago, Mars likely had an ocean covering nearly half of the planet’s northern hemisphere (半球).
There are different theories for what caused large amounts of water to disappear from Mars. The most likely explanation is that the liquid escaped when the planet’s atmosphere thinned over time. This let the water evaporate (蒸发), turning the Martian surface into a frozen desert. The evaporation happened about 3 billion years ago.
In the new study, researchers said the Chinese rover observed salt-rich sand dunes (沙丘) on the surface. The dunes contained breaks, crusts and small hills. The team said these landforms provide evidence that the land had frozen and then melted in the areas studied. The melting could have happened as recently as a few hundred thousand years ago, the study said.
The rover’s observations were made in an area called Utopia Planitia, a large flat area, called a plain, in Mars’s northern hemisphere. The researchers said they believed the dunes were likely formed sometime after 1.4 million to 400,000 years ago, possibly even more recently. Condition s during that period were likely similar to how things are on Mars today.
The researchers said they believed small openings filled with salty water were created by melting frost or snow. The team ruled out wind as a cause, as well as frost made of carbon dioxide, which makes up most of the Martian atmosphere.
“The rover has now provided evidence that there may be a wider distribution of this process on Mars than previously identified,” said Mary Bourke. She added that although the evidence suggests small amounts of water, it could still be important in identifying environments that could support life.
1. What can we infer about the lost water on Mars from the third paragraph?A.It was absorbed into a desert. | B.It went deep underground. |
C.It escaped into space. | D.It flowed away gradually. |
A.Melted frost and snow. | B.Some sand dunes rich in salt. |
C.The frost made of carbon dioxide. | D.A plain in Mars’s northern hemisphere. |
A.To judge the formation of dunes. | B.To map the distribution of water. |
C.To assess the role of wind and frost. | D.To find environments suitable for life. |
A.China’s Rover Makes a Groundbreaking Discovery | B.Signs of Water on Mars Are Identified |
C.Water Is More Widespread on Mars | D.Mars Has a Cold Desert Climate |
【推荐1】As we continue to explore farther out into our solar system and beyond, the question of humans living on other planets often comes up. Manned bases on the Moon or Mars for example, have long been a dream of many. There is a natural desire to explore as far as we can go, and also to extend humanity’s presence on a permanent (永久的) or at least semi-permanent basis. In order to do this, however, it is necessary to adapt to different extreme environments. On the Moon for example, a colony must be self-sustaining (自立的) and protect its inhabitants from the airless, harsh environment outside.
Mars, though, is different. While future bases could adapt to the Martian environment over time there is also the possibility of modifying (改变) the surrounding environment instead of just co-existing with it. This is the process of terraforming (地球化)—adjusting Mars’ atmosphere and environment to make it more Earth-like. But the bigger question is, should we?
One of the main issues is whether Mars has any native life or not and if it does, should it be preserved (保护) as much as possible? If the answer is yes, then large-scale human settlements on Mars should be completely off-limits. Small colonies might be fine, but living on Mars should not be at the expense of any native habitats, if they exist. If Mars is home to any indigenous life, then terraforming should be a non-issue; it simply should not be done.
What if Mars is lifeless? Even if no life exists there, that untouched and unique alien environment needs to be preserved as it is as much as possible. We’ve already done too much damage here on our own planet. By studying Mars and other planets and moons in their current natural state, we can learn so much about their history and also learn more about our own world. We should appreciate the differences of other worlds instead of just transforming them to suit our own ambitions.
1. What is the best title for the text?A.Are Mars and Earth So Different | B.Should We Terraform Mars |
C.Can We Adapt to Mars | D.Is There Life on Mars |
A.Ensure that it’s not harmed. |
B.Discuss with the Martians. |
C.Change the unpopulated regions. |
D.Reconsider the advantages and disadvantages. |
A.Complex. | B.Simple | C.Foreign. | D.Native. |
A.By referring to others’ research. |
B.By showing the benefits of terraforming. |
C.By arguing in support of one viewpoint. |
D.By examining the conditions of different planets. |
【推荐2】Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other unexpected benefits including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communication systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
1. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?A.To express his doubts. |
B.To compare different ideas. |
C.To introduce points for discussion. |
D.To describe the conditions on Earth. |
A.Humans are nature-born to do so. |
B.Humans have the tendency to fight. |
C.Humans may find new sources of food. |
D.Humans don’t like to stay in the same place. |
A.Our genetic makeup. |
B.Resources on the earth. |
C.The adaptive ability of humans. |
D.By-products in space exploration. |
A.Space exploration has created many wonders. |
B.Space exploration provides the best value for money. |
C.Space exploration can benefit science and technology. |
D.Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. |
【推荐3】If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing (开拓) Mars. If you have all the necessary skills, you could be one of the first colonists. Are you ready for the challenge?
You won’t have to pay for the mission to Mars. Mars One has already received money from some donors and is hoping to get more from TV viewers who will become interested in the show where all applicants have a debate for the rare chances.
The main responsibility of the first colonists is to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is no air to breathe and no land to farm. Scientists know it’s quite possible because something similar has already been done in Antarctica.
Another problem is that space travel to Mars takes nearly a year to get to Mars and the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. Luckily, spinning (旋转) the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems. It will also be difficult for Mars colonists to be far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars 500 Mission studied people’s reactions in a Mars-like environment. It is viewed as a great success because scientists were able to see how people handle emotional and physical stresses.
Recent studies show that seven percent of people would want to go on such an adventure. Mars One will soon start accepting its first colonists. Are you interested?
1. What do we know about the applicants to Mars from the first two paragraphs?A.They will land on Mars in 2023. |
B.They can get money from donors. |
C.They will compete in a TV show. |
D.They do not need special skills. |
A.To create an earth-like environment. |
B.To build labs in Antarctica. |
C.To spin the spaceship. |
D.To start the Mars 500 Mission. |
A.Easy. | B.Adaptable. | C.Relaxing. | D.Exciting. |
A.Everyone could be one of the first colonists on Mars. |
B.Artificial gravity can make the colonists live better. |
C.People can’t handle emotional and physical stresses on Mars. |
D.Half of people would want to go on Mars. |