Yungang Grottoes(石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage site with a history     1     goes back more than 1, 500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes,     2     (rough) 59, 000 figures of the Buddha are a priceless treasure of human culture.

But because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters,     3     grottoes face damage year after year. Thanks to     4     (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt     5     (preserve) the precious cultural relics. Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers digitally record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce them by     6     (use) 3D printing technology.

The new technology could     7     (able) more people to have access to the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together copied and pasted Cave No.12 of the Yungang Grottoes for the     8     (exhibit) in Hangzhou. There, people could see the world’s first 3D-printed 1:1 copy of a grotto.

The Yungang researchers’ attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage. It     9     (hope) that the new digitized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them     10     more places worldwide.

    1     (get) young people to take part in activities to save their national heritage is a good way to introduce them to their country’s history.If they learn about where they come from, they will    2     (hopeful) be proud to tell others about their country and culture. Of course, teachers must keep     3     balance between teaching the good and bad parts of a country’s history. Learning only the good parts can lead     4     narrow thinking. Learning the bad parts may help stop those kinds of things from    5     (happen) again. Students    6     know their history and culture are more likely to make sure that their cultural heritage    7     (protect) well. Besides, teachers can motivate students by asking them to come up with    8     (they) own ideas. One possible idea is for students to raise money to an     9     (organize) or group that protects their country’s cultural heritage. Teachers may also turn to their local museums or historical    10     (society) for help in getting students more interested in this important field.

China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site     1     (declare) a World Heritage Site on Saturday by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.

The site,     2     is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China’s eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3300 BC     3     2300 BC. The ruins of ancient Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites     4     (surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009.It was     5     (official) submitted to UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win     6     (recognise) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site     7     (include) archaeological remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers     8     area of 908.89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5,000 years ago, 1,000 years     9     (early) than previously thought, according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.

The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list     10     (encourage) better protection of the site, which is considered to be of “outstanding universal value” to humanity.

Built around 605 in China’s Sui Dynasty（581 —618）, Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest     1    （exist）bridge in China. It stretches across the Xiao River, 2,500 metres from the southern gate of Zhao County, Hebei province. Li Chun, a Sui Dynasty architect, presided over its     2    （construct）.

In the Sui Dynasty, Zhaozhou connected the north and south as     3     major transportation centre. With the Xiao River     4    （break）the south-north traffic, building a bridge was     5    （bad）needed. Given that the river dried upin spring and winter but flooded in summer and autumn, the bridge had to be designed to stand up to severe hydrologic（水文的）conditions.

The Zhaozhou Bridge bears two pairs of small arches at each side of the central arch. All of the arches are circular     6     built of stone.     7    （compare）with a filled spandrel（拱肩）arch, this single-span open-spandrel arch minimized water blockage and increased the flow area by 16.5%, especially     8     the Xiao River was flooded. Besides, as the bridge was single span, the weight of the whole bridge and traffic on it     9    （shoulder）by two arch feet, causing greatpressure on the abutments（桥墩）. The four smaller arches in the spandrels help to transfer the load on the large arches by more than 500 tons and save more than 200 cubic metres of stone. Zhaozhou Bridge is the world’s earliest open-spandrel arched bridge, 700 years earlier     10     its European counterparts.