We know that cigarette smoking kills. So, producers made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice — safer than tobacco. Although e-cigarettes contain the drug nicotine like cigarettes, they do not use tobacco and you do not light them. They are powered by battery.
However, if e-cigarettes are so safe, why has the United States Center for Disease Control (CDC) seen an increase in telephone calls about e-cigarette poisonings?
The answer is children. Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices. In the period of one month this year, the Center said 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns. More than half of these calls were for children aged five and younger. The devices had made them sick.
Tim McAfee is director of the Center's Office on Smoking and Health. He says the problem is regulation, meaning, the U. S. federal government does not control e-cigarettes even though they contain liquid nicotine. Mr. McAfee adds that liquid nicotine is a well-known danger. Mr. McAfee explains that nicotine poisoning happens when it gets into the skin, gets into the eyes or is swallowed. It can cause stomach pain or a sense of unbalance. And too much nicotine can kill.
Tim McAfee says e-cigarettes do not create the level of risk to people that tobacco products do. He notes that almost 500,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes. “So, cigarettes are the winner in that contest.” E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals that are found in real cigarettes. So, the U. S. Surgeon General Boris D. Lushniak has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults trying to end their tobacco use.
But McAfee worries that teenagers may think electronic cigarettes are harmless. They could become addicted to the nicotine and then start smoking real cigarettes. In other words, he fears that for young people fake e-cigarettes could be a “gateway” to the real thing.
1. What do the producers think of e-cigarettes?| A．Dangerous. | B．Expensive. |
| C．Safer. | D．Cheaper. |
| A．Parents feared that their children might get poisoned. |
| B．Parents found the device useless in quitting smoking. |
| C．Children swallowed the liquid nicotine from the device. |
| D．Children might get addicted to playing with the device. |
| A．the CDC wants to develop a better type of e-cigarettes. |
| B．the government is in favor of the use of e-cigarettes. |
| C．Surgeon General Boris |
| D．Lushniak is a heavy smoker. |
| A．Adults should use harmless e-cigarettes. |
| B．Smoking e-cigarettes can make a person sick. |
| C．He claims that regulations should be made to ban smoking. |
| D．He is concerned about the teens using e-cigarettes. |
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【推荐1】It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarreling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.
An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages(堵塞) that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship (公路驾车技能). Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
1. According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by_______________ .| A．the great speed of modern life | B．traffic jams |
| C．terrible road conditions | D．the behavior of the drivers |
| A．beat back when forced to face rude driving |
| B．show road politeness properly |
| C．join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel |
| D．encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to |
| A．Some modern drivers are not good at driving |
| B．Road politeness is good sense as well as good manners |
| C．A friendly driver should nod or wave thanks in answer to an act of politeness |
| D．It is also right to have a tiger in the driver's seat |
| A．Road politeness | B．Traffic problems |
| C．Good manners | D．Modern drivers |
Your smartphone may seem like the center of your entertainment, but a Kent State University study shows that too much phone use is taking the fun right out of our spare time.
Researchers watched a group of nearly 500 students and recorded their daily smartphone use. Those who were considered in the“high-use”group experienced more stress during their spare time than the other group.
So what can we do in order to really take advantage of our spare time? We have collected the following activities that also take a few hours to complete, but best part of all, you'll improve your health in the process.
Whether you're at home or on holiday, it's important to disconnect from the Wi-Fi. Walking in nature can do good to your health. As a professional (职业的) traveler. Samantha Brown put it in a recent passage, “I put my map in my back pocket, put down my phones and take a good, long walk. Just walk around.”
Go to bed earlier. What can help improve your mood? Extra sleep, naturally. Getting the right number of sleep is very important to our health and studies show that we don't get enough of it. Read a book. And let yourself get lost in a good story. Research shows that reading can reduce stress, keep your brain sharp and can even help you sleep better. Everyone should spend at least 30 minutes reading every day.
Putting pen to paper is a good exercise. Try writing down your thoughts. Writing has a lot of health advantages. Besides, writing down your thoughts may even help clear your mind.
1. Who experienced more stress according to the research? （不超过15个词）2. How can people improve their moods according to the passage? （不超过15个词）
3. What are the advantages of reading? （不超过15个词）
【推荐3】A new study shows a link between bad technology and higher stress levels of employees. The research involved experiments in which brainwaves were measured as people were put through a series of bad technology experiences. The experiments involved adults of many ages with different levels of computer skills.
Subjects were tested with simple computer problems, like troubled sign-in operations. Others dealt with slow-speed connections to the Internet. Still others experienced system crashes. “The moment people started using bad technology, we saw a doubling of their levels of stress,” said Olivier Oullier, president of EMOTIV. “I was a bit surprised by that, because you rarely see those levels going so high,” he said. The experiments showed that technology-related stress had a lasting effect, he added.
In addition to tech failures affecting the mental health of employees, the problems can also affect a company’s business, the research found. Bad problems can reduce productivity, especially that of younger workers. The research showed a thirty percent production drop among study subjects under age 40.
“As stressful as the tech problems were for those in the study”, Oullier said, “such effects were likely to be even more severe in the real world.” He said the subjects knew they were involved in an experiment so they may not have been as personally affected by the results. He also said the continuing coronavirus crisis has sharply increased stress levels around the world. So real tech problems drive up those already high stress levels.
Another issue is that many employees are working remotely and this can also add to tech difficulties. In an office, computer support helpers are usually available to help workers solve tech problems. But working from a kitchen or home office, employees are often on their own.
The amount of work an employee can get done in a day can increase as much as 37 percent when effective technology is used, along with supporting software and services. Using good technology can save employees 23 minutes per hour. And on average, bad tech was found to interfere with employee performance by up to 30 percent.
1. How did researchers carry out experiment?| A．By involving employees of similar ages. |
| B．By asking employees to finish the same task. |
| C．By exposing employees to bad technology problems. |
| D．By offering employees different types of computers. |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By using others’ opinion. | D．By following the order of time. |
| A．Imagination. | B．Happiness. |
| C．Health. | D．Output. |
| A．Higher Stress Levels of Younger Workers |
| B．Technology Problems Linked to Higher Stress Levels |
| C．Effects of Bad Technology Experiences on Employees |
| D．Employees’ Productivity and Working Environment |
【推荐1】Jim Thorpe is one of the greatest athletes of all time. He had amazing athletic abilities and was well-known during his lifetime, yet that did not make Thorpe a stranger to adversity.
Thorpe was an American Indian from Oklahoma who developed his extraordinary athletic skills in his youth through hard labor. It was also in his youth that he learned to endure hardship brought upon by racial prejudice. Many would say his childhood was not easy. He grew up poor and at age 9 his twin brother passed away and a few years later he lost both of his parents.
But that did not stop him from doing what he loved and pursuing his dreams. Nothing seemed to stop him, not even stolen shoes. Just hours before Thorpe was going to compete in the 1912 Olympics, somebody stole his shoes. Thorpe improvised (临时拼凑) by getting shoes out of the garbage. The shoes were two different sizes. He wore an extra pair of socks on one foot to even them out.
He still went on to win two gold medals—winning each event he competed in except for one, the javelin (标枪). The javelin was the only event he didn’t win, probably because he had never competed in that event before. It is interesting to note that Thorpe had tried to throw the javelin once before in the Olympic trials. At the time, he didn’t know that he could throw it with a running start. He threw it standing still and was placed second.
At the Olympics，he also took part in the decathlon (十项全能运动). He finished first in two events, third in four events, and fourth in two more. Thorpe ended up finishing third in the world. He was undoubtedly a dominating force that couldn’t be stopped and just kept on going.
I think Paul Dughi said it best, “It’s hard to imagine now that pro athletes get paid millions of dollars just to wear a particular brand of shoes. For Jim Thorpe, it didn’t matter what kind he wore.”
1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．The adversity Thorpe met with led to his success. |
| B．Thorpe’s success was no guarantee of a better life. |
| C．Thorpe’s career brought him both gains and losses. |
| D．Thorpe suffered many hardships despite his success. |
| A．To prevent the foot from injury. | B．To make the shoe fit the foot. |
| C．To stop the shoe from being stolen. | D．To show his problem-solving skills. |
| A．Loss of his own sports shoes. | B．A casual attitude towards the event. |
| C．Lack of experience in the event. | D．A shortage of talent for the event. |
| A．Loyal and enthusiastic. | B．Genuine and creative. |
| C．Tough and strong-minded. | D．Selfless and good-tempered. |
【推荐2】There is a huge need for shark fins（鳍）in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed. According to reports, sharks are being killed at an shocking rate of up to 273 million worldwide every year.
Some experts predict that if the killing continues at the present rate, many shark species will be lost forever. It can be very dangerous. Sharks are very important and they should be protected.
In a study of the east coast of the United States, 11 species of sharks died out. Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded and caused great damage to the ecosystem（生态系统）. For example, the cownose ray（鳐）population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops（扇贝）, their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely. Also, the removal of the scallops most likely had an effect on water quality as they were no longer there to clean the water.
Sharks tend to eat very efficiently（高效地）, going after the old, sick, or slower fish in a population, keeping that population healthy. Sharks help keep many populations of ocean life to the right size so that those prey（猎物）species don't do harm to the ecosystem by becoming too populated. The ocean ecosystem is made up of very complex（复杂地）food webs. For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be "keystone" species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.
1. Why are so many Sharks killed in Asia?| A．They are dangerous. |
| B．They are threats to other species. |
| C．They caused great damage to the ecosystem. |
| D．The body parts that are considered valuable are in great need. |
| A．Loss of money. | B．Improvement of water quality. |
| C．Damage to local ecology. | D．An increase in the variety of animals. |
| A．Nature. | B．Life. | C．Sports. | D．Economy. |
| A．Illegal hunting of sharks. |
| B．The living habits of sharks. |
| C．Wildlife protection in the United States. |
| D．The reasons why should humans protect sharks. |
【推荐3】ANKARA—The wushu team of Ankara, the Turkish capital, practices hard to win new medals and titles in Turkey.
Wushu has grown in popularity throughout the country. In a sports center, young athletes are training strenuously. “We are committed to martial arts and there is a real interest in wushu, which includes different techniques. Our athletes are ambitious,” Serkan Bakir, a well-known martial arts instructor says. Bakir explains that during the global health crisis, wushu, which emphasizes quickness, power and relaxed movement, provides an excellent opportunity for people who wish to strengthen their bodies.
“There are varieties of Chinese martial arts. Taichi, for example, can be performed from a kid to someone who is 85 years old. It can help people stay in good shape. Everyone can benefit from it especially when we have to stay fit to avoid the coronavirus,” he notes.
Beyzanur Karakaya, a 22-year-old woman, is currently seeking a master’s degree in sports education at university in Ankara. Her goal is to improve in her field and eventually travel to China to master the art of wushu, which she has practiced for about 10 years. “I have never been to China or competed against a Chinese athlete, but if I have the opportunity, I would love to go there and train with masters. That would be wonderful,” she says.
Wearing her traditional Chinese martial arts uniform, 13-year-old Fatma Ulukok says wushu brought some changes to her shy personality. “Since I started practicing this, I became more confident. So it has helped me both physically and mentally, and I plan to improve my abilities in the coming years,” the young girl says. Ulukok adds that she admires the Chinese culture and would like to go to China to see it for herself in the future.
1. What dose the underlined word “strenuously” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．energetically | B．patiently | C．inactively | D．passively |
| A．All people in Turkey practice wushu. |
| B．Wushu can cure heart diseases. |
| C．With the help of wushu, Karakaya became more self-confident. |
| D．Neither Karakaya nor Ulukok has been to China. |
| A．She got a master’s degree. | B．She stayed in good shape. |
| C．She was more ambitious. | D．She became more positive. |
| A．Health. | B．Medicine. | C．Art. | D．Travel. |
【推荐1】Leaders in the aviation （航空）industry plan to launch a campaign that they hope will work against what they call a " flight shaming（使蒙羞）” movement. They say flight shaming has weakened peopled demand for air travel in Europe . Some travelers there are increasingly concerned about the effects of flying on the environment. Activists have been calling for greater action against climate change. That includes avoiding air travel.
Flight shaming has affected air travel demand in many European countries, including Britain, France and Germany. The campaign will try to explain to the public how the industry is reducing its effect on the environment. Juniac, head of IATA, said the flight shaming movement gave off "misleading information"..
The International Air Transport Association （IATA） is organizing the plan through the Air Transport Action Group, a group of aviation industry organizations and companies. Juniac didn't say when the campaign would start, but noted that details would be available to airports and airlines.
Commercial flying is estimated to cause about 2.5% of worldwide carbon emissions（释放）. However, that number could rise as worldwide air travel increases.
The aviation industry says it has already cut carbon emissions by one-half since 1990. The improvements are mainly the result of aircraft that use fuel more effectively. The industry plans to cut emissions further by 2050. It has a goal of stopping the growth of carbon emissions by 2020.
Airlines also have warned of the harmful effects of the flight shaming movement. Some have criticized the industry for failing to explain itself Tim Clark，president of the airline Emirates，said that improvements in technology have reduced the environmental effects of passenger airplanes.
1. What is flight shaming movement about?| A．Weakening peopled demand to travel abroad. |
| B．Calling on all to fight against global warming. |
| C．Announcing the environmental harm of flying. |
| D．Scaring people from approaching the airport. |
| A．It ignores the efforts of airlines to reduce pollution. |
| B．Airlines will charge the movement for their loss. |
| C．Airlines are to blame for the cause of the movement. |
| D．It has positive effects in urging airlines to be green. |
| A．The effective use of fuel has made air travel greener. |
| B．Flight shaming movement has caused great loss for airlines. |
| C．With more passengers? carbon emissions by planes may rise. |
| D．The aviation industry aims to stop carbon emission by 2020. |
| A．Improvement of air quality since flight shaming. movement. |
| B．Opposition of aviation industry against flight shaming movement, |
| C．Travelers' inconvenience caused by flight shaming movement, |
| D．Measures by aviation industry to reduce environmental pollution. |
【推荐2】Studies have suggested early rising and success might be linked. People who wake up early are more in keeping with the traditional corporate schedule and tend to have more positive personalities, which might lead to better grades in school or higher wages on the job.
Is getting up early for everyone? No. There's been lots of research about how some people are biologically more likely to feel more alert （机敏的）in the morning, while others are at their best at night. You might be more alert and have better cognitive （认知的）ability in the afternoon, for instance. So, if you don't naturally feel alert in the morning but decide to wake up early anyway, you might be disturbing your actual top performance times. Of course, people may have personal reasons for making an early start. Parents with young children or workers with non-traditional hours may also have no choice about what time they start the day.
Getting up early doesn't necessarily translate to instant success at the office. In fact, depending on the person, it could end up having a negative effect. Especially if you don't normally wake up super early and are trying to follow some kind of productivity fashion. An even worse condition may arise if you're actually reducing sleep to become an early riser. Sacrificing sleep means you may be hit by the many negative effects of sleep lack. Getting a full night's sleep and getting the same amount of sleep at the same time each night are both important. So if early rising means cutting sleep, don't do it.
What should you do? Don't listen to thought-leaders or Linkedln influencers but figure out what works best for you. Pay attention to when you feel most tired and most awake. Make a note of the times you fall asleep and wake up naturally. Try to adjust your schedule to those times, as that's how you'll tap into most of your natural energy for the day ahead. And above all, it's getting adequate amounts of sleep.
1. What is paragraph 1 intended to tell us?| A．The early bird catches the worm. |
| B．A good beginning makes a good ending. |
| C．A thousand mile trip begins with one step. |
| D．Constant dropping wears the stone. |
| A．People have different cognitive ability. |
| B．It disturbs working orders. |
| C．Not all are in their best state in the morning. |
| D．Few people have their top performance times. |
| A．It can lead everyone to success. |
| B．It has too many negative effects. |
| C．It means shortening the sleep time. |
| D．It is less important than sleeping enough and well. |
| A．Follow the advisers’ directions. |
| B．Find out your own best time table. |
| C．Sleep more and better than before. |
| D．Use your energy averagely in a day. |
【推荐3】The year 2018 will mark the 100h anniversary of the deadliest influenza outbreak in history. It is estimated that the influenza pandemic (瘟疫) of 1918 killed more than 50 million people around the world. Other estimates go much higher. Because of a lack of medical record-keeping, we may never know the exact number.
The influenza was a fast killer. Some victims died within hours of their first symptoms. Others died after a few days. “Their lungs filled with liquid and they choked to death.” The 1918 flu pandemic was also different from other outbreaks. It struck many young. healthy people. Viruses usually affect sick or old people.
Although modern medicine effectively controls many diseases, influenza remains difficult to protect against. The World Health Organization estimates that every year influenza kills 250,000 to 500,000 people around the world. Each year, medical scientists develop flu vaccines (疫苗) which offer immunity (免疫) from some influenza viruses. But they can only guess which form of the virus will spread.
Health officials remain concerned about another flu pandemic. New forms of the flu virus appear regularly. One example was the “swine flu” or H1N1 outbreak in 2009. Anthony Faucal, Director of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in the United States says that virus caused a true pandemic.
To stop the next pandemic, scientists are now researching how to create a universal influenza vaccine. In October 2017, Vanderbilt University Medical Center in the U. S. announced the Universal Influenza Vaccine Initiative. The university said researchers are leading an international effort to develop a universal influenza vaccine that will protect everyone against all forms of the flu anywhere in the world. The university added that researchers will begin tests in early 2018. The Human Vaccines Project, a public-private partnership, is funding the project. However, until a universal influenza vaccine is available, today’s seasonal flu vaccine remains important.
1. Why is influenza difficult to protect against?| A．It spreads too rapidly. |
| B．It is quite easy to catch. |
| C．No vaccine is available. |
| D．It's hard to judge the form of virus. |
| A．New forms of flu virus keeps appearing. |
| B．It was the most serious in recent years. |
| C．It was caused by the same flu virus of 1918. |
| D．The H1N1 virus was deadly as well. |
| A．The development is quite costly. |
| B．It will be used all over the world. |
| C．It can protect against all forms of flu. |
| D．It will soon come into use in 2019. |
【推荐1】One spring morning many years ago, I was on southeastern Alaska’s Kupreanof Island when I saw a huge wolf caught in a trap. From her appearance, I realized it was a mother wolf and that somewhere hungry pups (小崽) were waiting for her. I guessed she had been trapped only a few days. So her pups were probably still alive, hungry, surely no more than a few miles away. But I thought if I released the wolf, she would tear me to pieces.
So I decided to search for her pups instead. Following some footprints, I finally found four tiny pups. One by one, I placed them in a bag and headed back. When the mother wolf spotted me, she stood up, possibly picking up the smell of her young. I released the pups, and they raced to her.
What next? I wondered. The mother wolf was clearly suffering. Yet each time I moved in her direction, she let out a threatening sound.
I put up a shelter for myself and was soon asleep nearby. At dawn, I was awakened by the four pups sniffing at my face and hands. I glanced toward the anxious mother wolf. If I could only win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope. Over the next few days, I fed her, talked gently with her and played with the pups. But the big animal never took her eyes off me. When I was beginning to lose hope, at dusk on the fifth day, I saw a wagging (摇摆) of her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained still. My heart in my mouth, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg. “OK,” I said, “We’ll have you out of there.” I pressed and the trap sprang open, the wolf pulled free.
Slowly, she headed toward me. She smelled my hands and arms and then began licking (添) my fingers. I was astonished. This went against everything I’d ever heard about wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.
1. What did the writer do after he discovered the mother wolf?| A．He looked for the pups | B．He set up a trap. |
| C．He put the wolf in a bag | D．He frightened off the wolf. |
| A．To study the habit of the wolves. | B．To gain the trust of the mother wolf. |
| C．To witness the growth of the pups. | D．To experience the charm of the wild |
| A．Nervous. | B．Proud. |
| C．Relieved. | D．Hopeless. |
| A．creatures are born equal | B．having comes before giving |
| C．wagging wolves seldom bite | D．kindness deserves acceptance |
【推荐2】Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just ''mental noise''-the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat(恒温器), regulating moods while the brain is ''off-line''. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, ''It's your dream'', says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, ''If you don't like it, change it''.
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the ''emotional brain'') is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. ''We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day'', says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of ''we wake up in a panic'', Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
1. Researchers have come to believe that dreams__________.| A．reflect our innermost desires and fears | B．are a random outcome of neural repairs |
| C．can be modified in their courses | D．are vulnerable to emotional changes |
| A．its difference from the prefrontal cortex | B．its function in our dreams |
| C．the mechanism of REM sleep | D．the relation of dreams to emotions |
| A．emerge in dreams early at night | B．develop into happy dreams |
| C．worsen in our unconscious mind | D．persist till the time we fall asleep |
| A．dreams should be left to their natural progression |
| B．dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious |
| C．visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control |
| D．waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams |
【推荐3】Imagine taking to the skies, spreading your arms out and soaring（翱翔）through the clouds. Flying is indeed possible-in your dreams. But no one can control what happens in dreams, right? Wrong.
Dreams in which you are aware that you are dreaming and can control what happens are called lucid dreams（清醒梦）. These dreams are most common during the stage of sleep known as rapid eye movement（REM）sleep.
Lucid dreaming has been referenced throughout history. It’s mentioned in Greek philosopher Aristotle’s writing, as well as in Egyptian hieroglyphics（象形文字）and in the oral traditions of Australian aborigines. However, it wasn’t until 1975 that British psychologist Keith Hearne was credited as the first person to produce scientific proof that lucid dreams occur. Since then, we have learned much more about this phenomenon.
According to a study published in the journal Consciousness and Cognition, 55 percent of people have had a lucid dream at least once in their lifetime, while 23 percent experience lucid dreams once a month or more. Though these numbers show that the majority of people don’t have lucid dreams regularly, scientists are developing new technology for those who want to have this experience. For example, Curzio Vasapollo invented a device called ZMax, a headband that can monitor eye movements, body movements and heart rate to help people have a lucid dream.
But why would someone want to have lucid dreams? As it turns out, lucid dreaming can have many benefits. Alix Generous, a young woman suffering from autism（自闭症）, said in her TED talk：“I love lucid dreaming because it allows me to be free，without judgment of social and physical consequences.” Also, learning how to have lucid dreams may help those who suffer from nightmares. Through being able to control their actions, they may be able to overcome the cause of their fear.
Lucid dreams may encourage creativity as well. According to the website Notes Read, those who experience this dream state will find access to “an unbelievable fund of knowledge and inspiration”. For example, British American filmmaker Christopher Nolan took inspiration from his own lucid dreams when he wrote the 2010 sci-fi movie Inception. Maybe one day, everyone can indulge in（沉浸在）lucid dreams.
1. What can we know about lucid dreaming?| A．It’s likely to cause nightmares. |
| B．Most people experience lucid dreams. |
| C．It usually happens during REM sleep. |
| D．We can sleepwalk when lucid dreaming. |
| A．Aristotle’s writing. | B．Egyptian hieroglyphics. |
| C．Keith Hearne’s research. | D．Australian aborigines’ oral traditions. |
| A．to prevent nightmares | B．to do some literary writing |
| C．to experience a lucid dream | D．to have sweet dreams regularly |
| A．It can be a source of creativity. | B．It is an effective cure for autism. |
| C．It helps people adjust their heart rate. | D．It enables people to become confident. |
| A．To demonstrate new technologies to treat sleep disorder. |
| B．To give a general introduction of lucid dreaming. |
| C．To describe an experiment about lucid dreaming. |
| D．To present a way to deal with lucid dreaming. |
