The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.
Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, “Employee turnover (人事变更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion”, Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64.
In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees’ job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees’ job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures.
1. The research paper published is primarily concerned with .| A．the way of preventing employee turnover |
| B．methods of improving employee performance |
| C．factors affecting employee turnover and performance |
| D．pay structures based on employee performance |
| A．the data analysis is hardly reliable | B．the research sample is not wide enough |
| C．the findings are of no practical value | D．the research method is out-of-date |
| A．Job hunters. | B．Employees in blue-chip companies. |
| C．Mid-level managers. | D．Researchers on employee turnover. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】I am Tony, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2019, I have done 99 trips——of those, 56 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted (移植) in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
Last year, I had a trip where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check -in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: "Well, I'm really sorry, but I've got some bad news for you - there are no flights to Washington." So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: "In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient- please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom." She just dropped everything. She arranged for a fight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, I' m consciously aware that in that box I've got something that is potentially going to save someone’s life.
1. What does the underlined word "courier" mean in paragraph !?| A．provider. | B．collector. | C．delivery man. | D．medical doctor. |
| A．The operation needs that much time. |
| B．The donor can only wait for that long. |
| C．He can't stay away from his job too long. |
| D．The ice can only last such a period of time. |
| A．To help save a patient. | B．To avoid being hit by Tony. |
| C．To get the stem cell. | D．To drop everything. |
| A．Tiresome. | B．Interesting. | C．Meaningless. | D．Significant. |
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1. What can we know about English First from the passage?
| A．It has set teaching standard for English teachers in China. |
| B．It will offer a salary of more than 16,400 RMB per month. |
| C．It has had branches in every city of China for over 20 years. |
| D．It performances well among privately-owned education company. |
| A．teach abroad at least 2 years | B．work in more than 300 schools |
| C．have interest in education and travel | D．hold passports of several countries |
【推荐3】Many years ago my student asked me the question, “Mrs. Kindred, why do you teach?” Without taking time to reflect, I answered, “Because someday I do night and day something that might make a difference in someone’s life.” Even though I was sincere, that wasn’t a very good answer and my student didn’t let it slide.
“Let me get this clear,” he said, “You went to college for four years so you could come here every day because you have the hope that someday you might say something that will influence someone?” He shook his head as if I were crazy and walked away looking confused. I’m one of those people who look back and wish they had said something smart or witty(风趣的).
Even though that particular student might no longer wonder why I teach, there are days when I wonder. On those days, I remind myself of the real reasons I teach:
It’s in my blood. My mother was my most influential teacher, and she was a 6th grade reading teacher until her death in 1990. She instilled(灌输) in me a love of reading and the knowledge that education opens doors.
Teaching is a way to make a difference. If you throw a stone in a pond the small waves go on and on until they reach the shore. You can’t have waves without a “stone.” Good teachers throw stones that make a positive difference, and that’s what I try to do.
I genuinely（真正地） love teenagers.
I want to share with others what I know and what I have learned through the years. Life is full of ups and downs, and I can help students avoid some potholes(坑) on the road of life, I want to do so. If they’ll allow me to celebrate their victories（胜利） with them, I want to do too.
Teaching isn’t for everyone, but I know I made the right career choice.
1. Why did the student continue to ask the question about the writer’s being a teacher?| A．Because he thought her answer was unbelievable. |
| B．Because the writer was not honest. |
| C．Because the student was naughty. |
| D．Because the answer was difficult to understand. |
| A．The writer’s mother has the greatest influence on her. |
| B．The writer’s answer made the student confused. |
| C．In the writer’s opinion, some people in the world are unfit to teach. |
| D．The writer annoyed the student who asked the question. |
| A．the writer was also a good teacher in school |
| B．the writer often plays with her students beside a pond |
| C．the writer devotes herself to teaching and her students |
| D．the writer often accompanies the students on their way home |
| A．A student’s silly question | B．A good teacher who likes students |
| C．A confused student | D．The reason why I teach |
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
FROM dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied. However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same — snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.
However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed (毛绒填充的) ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008 seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now, a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies’ physiological (生理的) responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense (强烈的) if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies’ surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
“Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,” concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isn’t necessarily related to fear. “It’s possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,” said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn’t have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant’s desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead, we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
1. What is the article mainly about?| A．How people’s fear of snakes and spiders has evolved. |
| B．Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. |
| C．Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals. |
| D．How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders. |
| A．The longer babies looked at snakes in the video, the less scared they were. |
| B．The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes. |
| C．Babies’ responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard. |
| D．Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard. |
| A．from birth | B．from learning |
| C．lasting | D．immediate |
| A．They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice. |
| B．Babies’ heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice. |
| C．A fearful voice didn’t make their surprised response become more intense. |
| D．They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light. |
| A．it would make it easier for them to learn fear |
| B．it would make them more willing to explore new things |
| C．it would lead them to stay away from dangerous things |
| D．it would encourage them not to be afraid of anything |
【推荐2】Feeling overwhelmed by your to-do list can certainly make you unhappy, but a new study released last week suggests that more free time will not actually make people as happy as they commonly believe it will.
The researchers collected data from two large scale surveys, which included more than 35,000 replies. They found that people with up to two hours of free time a day generally had higher levels of well-being than those with less time. But people who had five or more hours of free time a day generally said they felt worse.
So the free-time “sweet spot” might be two to three hours per day, the findings suggest. “While being too busy can cause stress, having more time is not always better,” said Marissa Sharif, an assistant professor at The Wharton School，in a press release.
Experts note, for example, that some adults struggle with the “retirement blues,” which can be due to a lack of stimulation (刺激) and structure, among other things. The “sweet spot” seems to have something to do with how people spend the extra time they have, the researchers behind the new study argue.
They conducted several smaller online experiments. In one they asked participants to imagine having 3½ to seven free hours per day, and to imagine spending that time doing “productive" things (like exercising) or to imagine doing “unproductive” activities (like watching TV). The participants believed their well-being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day—but only if they used it unproductively.
Though that experiment was hypothetical, which is one limitation of the new research, it's certainly in line With other researches showing that being in a state of “flow” can be good for people's mental health. In other words, how people use their free time matters.
“In cases when people do find themselves with excessive amounts of spare time, such as retirement or having left a job,” Sharif said, “our results suggest these individuals would benefit from spending their newfound time with purpose.”
1. What's the common belief about “free time”?| A．More free time will bring people much happiness. |
| B．Too much free time will make one feel worse. |
| C．Less free time will make life full. |
| D．One is happy in his free time whatever he does. |
| A．Because they find it struggling to deal with daily life. |
| B．Because they find life is dull with too much free time. |
| C．Because they are not used to retirement life. |
| D．Because their life lacks care and warmth. |
| A．The study lacks data from participants. |
| B．The study doesn't agree with the others. |
| C．The number of participants is small. |
| D．The experiment is imagined. |
| A．Mrs. Wang, retired, spends over six hours watching TV. |
| B．Alex, a salesman, does one hour's reading and another hour's jogging. |
| C．Mr. Yang, a 996 programmer, struggles to find an hour to tutor his son. |
| D．Catherine, a stay-at-home mom, kills her free time purposelessly. |
【推荐3】A study has found that elephants possess a sense of smell that is likely the strongest ever identified in a single species, according to a study by Japanese scientists last week.
The African elephant’s genome (基因组) contains the largest number of olfactory receptor (嗅觉感受器) genes—nearly 2, 000—says the study in the journal Genome Research.
Olfactory receptors are aware of smells in the environment.
That means elephants’ sniffers (嗅探器) are five times more powerful than people’s noses, twice that of dogs, and even stronger than the previous known record-holder in the animal kingdom: rats.
“Apparently, an elephant’s nose is not only long but also superior, ”says lead study author Yoshihito Niimura of the University of Tokyo.
Just how these genes work is not well understood, but they likely helped elephants survive and navigate their environment over the ages.
The ability to smell allows creatures to find mates and food—and avoid predators.
The study compared elephant’s olfactory receptor genes to those of 13 other animals, including horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, cows, rodents and chimpanzees.
Primates (灵长类) and people actually had very low numbers of olfactory receptor genes compared to other species, the study found.
“This could be a result of our decreased reliance on smell as our sight improved, ” Niimura says.
1. Why do African elephants have the strongest sense of smell?| A．Because their noses are very superior. |
| B．Because they have more olfactory receptor genes. |
| C．Because they are very strong. |
| D．Because they have long noses. |
| A．Human. | B．Dog. | C．Rat. | D．Elephant. |
| A．Their genes. | B．Their noses. | C．Their legs. | D．Their ears. |
| A．To find mates. | B．To have fun. |
| C．To find food. | D．To escape from hunters. |
| A．People find elephants are very useful. |
| B．People like elephants’ noses. |
| C．Elephants possess “superior” sense of smell. |
| D．Elephants are smarter than other animals. |
This application provides for users apps that are free and highly discounted daily. By using this app, you only need to submit some information when registering. After filling it up，you are eligible to have access to a list of recommended downloads.
Starling
Based on bank nature, this app has been a good one in that regard. They have a banking license and allow you to open a current account through your phone for just some minutes. You are even liable to earn interest on the money held in your account through this app. The app will notice you with alerts when you spend money as it will help you outline what you have spent in categories like shopping, bill, foods and many more.
Campus Special
This app is greatly used by students as it enables them to have great deals on food stores and restaurants around the school. It also gives you the opportunity to order food from your hostel through your phone on pick-up delivery. The good thing about this app is that it enables you to get more rewards when you often use it. Those rewards can be used at your usual local food stores.
ATM Locator
This is another interesting app that can assist you in financial needs. When you are hooked up in an area that is not familiar to you and you are interested in getting some cash, instead of moving up and down in searching for the nearest place to withdraw some cash, this app should give you comfort in doing that. It helps you to find cash points that are very near to you, and it will display them on the map for you to check through.
1. Which app can serve as a warning if you spend money?| A．Campus Special. | B．ATM locator. |
| C．AppsFire. | D．Starling. |
| A．Its rewards enable you to save some money. |
| B．It offers you the biggest discounts for deals on food. |
| C．It allows you to do your banking without going out. |
| D．It enables you to spend less on eating in campus canteen. |
| A．When you have no bank cards on you. |
| B．When you can't find the nearest cash machine. |
| C．When you are unfamiliar with the local campus. |
| D．When you are busy with some banking business. |
【推荐2】If you go to a fast food restaurant, you will probably see a lot of children. Today, some children are too fat, and this is because of their bad eating habits (习惯). Most children are fond of food with a lot of fat, oil, salt and sugar. People call this kind of food “junk food”.
We find many children eat unhealthily. Some don’t have breakfast before they go to school. During the day, some don’t have proper (正常的) food for lunch. They don’t like vegetables, and many of them don’t like to eat fruit. They love to eat food with a lot of salt, sugar or fat.
Parents today worry about their children’s eating habits. Some doctors advise (建议) children to eat healthily.
＊Children shouldn’t eat too much junk food.
＊Children should eat some fruit and vegetables every day.
＊Children should drink more milk.
＊Children should eat breakfast every day.
1. The underlined (划线的) phrase are fond of in the first paragraph means ________.| A．dislike | B．love | C．hate | D．hope |
| A．food with little salt and milk | B．food with much sugar and fat |
| C．vegetables and fruit | D．cola and hamburgers |
| A．Keeping good eating habits | B．Eating unhealthy food is bad |
| C．Eating fast food is good | D．Eating healthily worries parents |
【推荐3】From the De’ang ethnic group in Yunnan comes a myth: 102 tea leaves magically transformed into 51 capable men and 51 beautiful women, then one couple remained on land to create humankind after the other 50 pairs flew to heaven.
In fact, the myth acts as the first story in the documentary One Cup, A Thousand Stories. This six-episode BBC new documentary, each lasting 50 minutes or so, was filmed for three years in 13 countries across six continents, giving the audience a chance to examine tea’s influence on daily life in different places, as well as revealing the planting and picking techniques. It is shown on Chinese streaming platform Migu Video and runs on the BBC Earth Channel for Asia as an attempt to promote tea and its culture to overseas audiences.
Shot in 4K high-definition resolution, the documentary’s Chinese version is narrated by Liu Cong, a voice actor known for the animated series The Silver Guardian, and the international version is narrated by English actor Hugh Bonneville, known for Downton Abbey and The Paddington Franchise.
Other stories reflecting tea’s impact include a martial artist achieving inner peace, a key element of his practice, in Mount Emei in Sichuan Province; the wedding ceremony of a young couple in Malaysia where serving tea is an important way of expressing gratitude to parents; and a family in Fuzhou, Fujian Province that is dedicated to producing jasmine tea.
Tea is China’s great gift to humanity. According to the documentary, tea has become more popular with consumption increasing 25 percent in the last decade, and various drinking methods are enjoyed by billions of people across the world.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning the myth in Paragraph 1?| A．To advertise a Chinese gift. | B．To describe an ethnic group. |
| C．To spread Chinese culture. | D．To introduce a documentary. |
| A．Downton Abbey | B．The Silver Guardian |
| C．The Paddington Franchise | D．One Cup, A Thousand Stories |
| A．Tea’s influence on daily life. | B．Tea production in Fuzhou. |
| C．Tea techniques of different people. | D．Tea’s benefits in various fields. |
| A．It includes 6 episodes, each lasting 1.5 hours. |
| B．It runs on two platforms with the same edition. |
| C．It enjoys 4K high-definition resolution when filmed. |
| D．It focuses on traditional medicine and Chinese tea. |
