A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being very busy.
C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳) way you do your job .
You may be all these kinds of people at the office, and even more. But when it comes to getting ahead, some experts say, the ABCs above are not enough, a P should be included, for P—politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carneigie suggested much about office politics(策略) more than 90 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, in spite of the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics, a better job, a raise, praise, but many people are still unable or unwilling to “play the game.”
“People think that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior, ” says Deborah Comer , an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics comes from the word ‘polite’. It can also mean controlling and forming associations (交往). It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your boss, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts explain office politics as proper behavior used to go after one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on their work,” says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates (候选人) are up for a position, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to choose the person he or she likes best to get ahead. It’s simple human nature.
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others connect office politics with flattery (奉承) , fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggested that office politics should be the need for some self-promotion (晋升).
1. The underlined “Office politics” in (Para 5) is used in the passage to refer to ______.
A.the habit of getting to work on time. |
B.the political views and beliefs of office workers. |
C.the interpersonal relationships within a company. |
D.the various qualities required for a successful career. |
A.They believe that doing so is not polite. |
B.They feel that such behavior is unprincipled(不道德的.) |
C.They do like the manipulating workmates. |
D.They think the effort will get them nothing. |
A.unwelcome at the workplace. |
B.bad for interpersonal relationships. |
C.impossible to the development of company culture. |
D.an important factor for personal advancement. |
A.speaking up for oneself is part of human nature. |
B.office politics is necessary to self-advancement. |
C.hard work is of little importance to one’s promotion. |
D.all employees can recognize the need for flattery. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】College graduation finally means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had second thoughts about their chosen major and intended career path — or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! Although your major, coursework, and academic performance are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors on where you can work. So, just how important is your major to your job search?
Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and finally sit for a licensing exam. Successfully completing a specific major is very important to landing a job in the matching field.
Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance or math, may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.
Lastly, there are many industries, such as professional sales, education (non-teaching positions), insurance, and customer service management, which hire new graduates from several more majors, looking for more generalized (笼统的) requirements. They may simply want to know the student has completed his or her bachelor’s degree, which proves students’ college-level math and writing, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.
Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. If you worked or volunteered during college and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.
Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well. If you don’t know what career choices you have, talk to your faculty(院系) or academic adviser. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!
1. What is probably the best title for the passage?A.Major Ups Your Career | B.Why Your College Major Matters |
C.Major VS Career: Which Is Right for You | D.How Important Your Major Is to Your Job |
A.should pass a licensing exam | B.need to have related qualities |
C.are required to major in insurance | D.must have relevant experiences |
A.majors are closely linked to career paths |
B.students of finance tend to receive higher salaries |
C.social work graduates have more employment opportunities |
D.volunteer experiences help graduates get employed |
【推荐2】In some places, people collect honey from wild bees. This is common in many parts of the world, especially South Asia. Honey hunting is a local tradition in southern India but it is not an undemanding job. The bees in southern India can grow up to the size of the smallest adult human finger. And these giant honey bees build their hives (蜂窝) on the sides of mountains!
It takes many years for a honey hunter to learn to collect honey from these hives. From a young age the honey hunter learns everything about bees. He practices climbing hundreds of meters above the ground. Before the honey season, the honey hunter prepares for many days.
When the day of the honey hunt season arrives, the honey hunter goes to the edge of the mountain early in the morning. He climbs down with a rope and lights some dry branches (树枝) on fire. The smoke makes the bees leave the hive. With the bees flying around the honey hunter, he uses a long sharp stick to gently get pieces of the wax (蜜蜡) filled with honey. He then takes them back to the village in a box made of bamboo.
Usually the hunter takes some honey and leaves some of the hive on the mountainside. He does not take the part of the hive with the baby bees in it since he does not want to destroy the home of the bees. When the honey hunter returns, the village celebrates!
“They have been hunting honey in this way for more than 2,000 years. Honey was and still is an important part of their diet, cooking and medicine,” Simone Gie from the organization Slow Food International, said.
1. The underlined word “undemanding” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”.A.regular | B.boring | C.easy | D.difficult |
A.has a short history |
B.needs careful preparation |
C.makes some villages rich |
D.is often done by a young man |
A.Bamboo. | B.Branches. | C.A rope. | D.A stick. |
A.how to protect baby bees |
B.the importance of honey |
C.the new use for honey |
D.how honey is hunted |
A.Honey hunters |
B.The honey season |
C.Bees in Southern India |
D.Honey hunting celebrations |
【推荐3】Generation Z is different. As a whole, Americans born between the late 1990s and early 2000s are less likely to have work or look for it: their labour- force-participation rate is 71%, compared with 75% for millennials (born between 1980 and the late 1990s) and 78% for Generation X (born in the decade or so to 1980) when each came of age. As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.
Although Gen-Z employees felt more lonely and isolated than their older colleagues at the start of the pandemic, the ability to work remotely has brought new possibilities. The benefits go beyond working in your pyjamas. Many are taking calls from beach chairs and hammocks (吊床) in more comfortable places or fleeing big cities in search for cheaper or larger homes.
This has big implications. Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are falling out of favour with recent graduates. A study by ManpowerGroup, an employment company, suggests an inverse relationship (反比关系) between talent shortages and flexible working policies. The sectors which are either less able to offer remote work or have been slower to embrace it- including construction, finance and manufacturing-have faced some of the biggest skills gaps for all types of job.
That in turn has accelerated a pre-existing trend of young employees trading Wall Street for Silicon Valley. Now technology bosses are more willing than their opposite numbers in finance to let employees work from home (or anywhere else). Annual rankings of employer desirability by Universum, a graduate-staffing consultancy, bear this out. In 2008 the list of best employers graded by American graduates was dominated by big banks and the Big Four consulting firms. By 2021 seven of the ten highest spots were occupied by tech and media giants.
1. What does the underlined word “diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to?A.Employees. | B.Students. |
C.Graduates. | D.Shareholders. |
A.They want more holidays on the beach. |
B.They love wearing pyjamas while working. |
C.They want to work in a more flexible way. |
D.They can’t afford the residents in big cities. |
A.All walks of life are facing some of the biggest skills gaps. |
B.Construction, finance and manufacturing can’t offer remote work. |
C.Industries with flexible working policies may suffer talent shortages. |
D.Industries with jobs that cannot be done from home are less popular. |
A.To weigh up the pros and cons of the two industries. |
B.To prove industries in technology are more appealing. |
C.To predict the change of preference among employees. |
D.To show Silicon Valley is a better place to settle down. |
【推荐1】Are you an agreeable person— you know, a nice guy? If so, a logical follow-up might be: How are your finances? And here’s why: Agreeable people have lower savings, they have higher debts, and they’re also more likely to go bankrupt or default (违约) on their loans.
Sandra Matz is a computational social scientist at the Columbia Business School. And using a combination of questionnaires and bank data, she and her colleague found that people who scored as more agreeable on personality tests had a better chance of ending up in terrible financial crisis—especially if they were low-income to begin with.
The researchers also combined personality data on millions of people in the US and the UK with regional data on how many people were unable to pay their debts. And they found again, that the nicer a county or local area’s people on average, the worse their finances. Sandra thinks a factor could be that agreeable people just don’t care much about money. Maybe they pick up the tab (账单) more often, or loan money when they can’t afford to. They’re generous to a fault.
So how do you get them to wise up? We can say, “Don’t care about money just for yourself, but care about it for the people you love. Because if you manage your money badly, it’s not just going to affect you, but it’s also going to affect all the people you care about, and that you love deeply. “ This might translate agreeable people’s superpower —caring about other people— into better financial sense.
So if Sandra does succeed in teaching nice people to be stingy, who then will pick up the tab? Then it’s a matter of negotiating, right? So if the agreeable person says, “I can’t pay all the time, I only want to do that once in a while, but I also want you to give something back. ” That might mean agreeable people need to get a little more comfortable having unpleasant conversations.
1. What did Sandra and her colleague find in their research?A.Kind people had more friends. |
B.Agreeable people were low-income. |
C.Friendly people were rewarded by others. |
D.Nice people had more financial problems. |
A.They never attach importance to their money. |
B.They tend to lend money to others very often. |
C.They are too generous regardless of their money. |
D.They earn less money than their friends and neighbors. |
A.mean |
B.rigid |
C.greedy |
D.sharp |
A.A social report. |
B.A travel advertisement. |
C.A biology interview. |
D.A personal biography. |
【推荐2】
Dear Suzie, I know you may hear this all the time from teenage girls, but this bully (霸凌) is driving me crazy. At times she is lovely and acts like a really great friend, but then she makes unhappy faces when she doesn’t agree. If I do anything, she interrogates (盘问) me, making me feel under pressure. She’s used to being the centre of attention and this two-facedness has been going on for 3 years. I’ve tried talking about it and making new friends, but how can I keep the lovely girl instead of the spoilt jealous (被宠坏的和嫉妒的) one? Please help me. |
There is no “lovely girl” or “spoilt jealous one”. There is a human being who mostly feels lovely and acts nicely, and who sometimes feels jealous or needy or hurt and then acts unpleasantly. As do we all! Perhaps the problem with your friend is that she is used to being the centre of attention, and expects it. But that’s no reason for you to do whatever she asks you to do. The truth is that people can’t control you unless you let them. People can’t push you around and put you under pressure, unless you fall in with the game.
Want it to stop? Stop pulling when she pushes, pushing when she pulls. If she makes a face, say “Don’t agree? OK.” and leave it at that. If she has a go at you, ask her if she’s having a bad day, and back off. Tell her you’ll come back to talk when she’s feeling better, or ask her if she needs to talk about anything. Maybe she needs to learn from experience that when she acts in that way she won’t get what she wants. At present, you “reinforce (加强)” her behaviour — by that I mean you show her that it always works. Stop letting it work and she’ll soon learn not to do it.
1. What is troubling the teenage girl?A.She is studying under high pressure. |
B.She is being bullied by a good friend. |
C.She doesn’t know how to make new friends. |
D.She fails to protect her friend from being bullied. |
A.She enjoys being at the centre. |
B.She doesn’t know how to control her feelings. |
C.She is so polite that people like to be around her. |
D.She always does what other people require her to do. |
A.Make her friend realize her unpleasant acts. |
B.Get away from her friend for a while. |
C.Spend more time with her friend. |
D.Follow what her friend says. |
A.A textbook. |
B.A storybook. |
C.A daily newspaper. |
D.A teenage magazine. |
【推荐3】Persuasion is the art of talking someone into agreeing with you.
Ethos(理念) is a speaker’s way of persuading the audience that he is a dependable person.
Pathos(感染力) is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a speaker who want people to vote for him might say that he can make the country richer and stronger.
Logos(理性) is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to make the argument more persuasive.
Although the three tools above all have their strengths, they work best when used together.
A.These words can bring people great hope, making them want to vote for him. |
B.These pictures are intended to fill the viewers with pity. |
C.An audience will more probably believe you if you have data to support your opinions. |
D.Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos. |
E.According to Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. |
F.In fact, most speakers use a mix of ethos, pathos and logos to persuade their audience. |
G.An audience will consider a speaker dependable if he seems trustworthy, reliable and sincere. |
【推荐1】After months of expectation and secrecy, the official mascot (吉祥物) of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games—a giant panda—inspiring cartoon character—made its first public debut with cheers at Beijing's Shougang Ice Hockey Arena.
The panda is named "Bing Dwen Dwen" in Chinese. Bing means" ice "in Chinese, while Dwen Dwen suggests" health and cleverness" —characteristics also shared by pandas. Pandas are perhaps the most recognized animal species in China, organizers said.
"Pandas combine China’s traditional culture and its modern appearance together with winter sports elements in a fascinating image that shows our great expectations for the Games and shows that we welcome the world, "said Beijing Mayor Chen Jining, who also serves as an executive president on the organizing committee.
"I have already seen the mascot and from what I’ve seen, it's a wonderful choice, "IOC President Thomas Bach said before introducing the character. "The mascot really takes in the best elements and characteristics of China and the Chinese people. It will be a great ambassador for the country and the 24th Winter Olympics."
The ring of light surrounding the mascots face is suggestive of ice and snow tracks as well as the flowing "ribbons" of the National Speed Skating Oval. The oval (椭圆形的) is one of two new competition sites in downtown Beijing expected to become a landmark of the Games,according to its chief designer Cao Xue.
The introduction of the mascots marks the key point of a journey that began in August 2018, when Beijing organizers started a design competition for the mascots. A total of 5, 816 designs were received from 35 countries, and were reviewed by Chinese and international experts in a comprehensive evaluation and selection process.
The new mascot will serve as spirited symbol of the Games that will take place in the three zones of downtown Beijing, the suburban district of Yanqing and co-host city Zhangjiakou in surrounding Hebei province.
1. What does the underlined word "debut" in paragraph I mean?A.Design | B.Appearance | C.Understanding. | D.Attention |
A.Surprising | B.Entertaining. | C.Satisfying | D.Interesting. |
A.The origin of the mascot image | B.The introduction to the mascot designer. |
C.The hard work behind the mascot design. | D.The hidden meaning of the mascot image |
A.The Mascot of the 24th Winter Olympic Games Introduced Officially |
B.A Historical Moment of the Winter Olympic Games |
C.IOC President Thomas Bach Welcomes Bing Dwen Dwen |
D.Comments on the Mascot of the 24th Winter Olympics |
【推荐2】A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area. According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln. The first, a 3. 3magnitude (震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday. The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3. 7. The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface. There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station.
“It is just kind of strange,“ Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes. Actually small quakes like these are not unusual. Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2. 5. A couple of hours later, a 2. 7magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County. There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2. 9magnitude quake and a 3. 1magnitude quake. Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often.
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks. This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake. Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing (摩擦) against each other. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake happens.
1. What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?A.There were six quakes in all. |
B.They all happened within 24 hours. |
C.They were centered on the capital Lincoln. |
D.The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4. 0. |
A.caused many buildings to fall | B.caused damage to the crops |
C.were not felt by the locals | D.were not dangerous |
A.That no human got injured in the quakes. | B.That quakes happened there so frequently. |
C.That an earthquake took place in the state. | D.That people kept talking about the quakes. |
【推荐3】The exact work of ancient astronomers has led to a modern observation --- our days are longer than they used to be. Not that you’d noticed: The new research in the Proceedings of the Royal Society A shows that it takes the Earth a tiny bit longer these days to complete a single rotation (转动) than it did millions of years ago. It’s the kind of stuff that’s measured in milliseconds per century, but those milliseconds add up. Over the last thousands of years, they’d totaled several hours, which the Los Angeles Times puts this way, “If humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon. The atomic clock won’t lose a second for 15 billion years.” Maybe more remarkable is that the work is the result of a tireless 40-year research into ancient timekeeping records dating back 2,700 years.
Scientists led by Richard Stephenson of the UK’s Durham University have been studying Babylonian clay tablets, Chinese observations made through the use of water clocks, and Arab astronomical records that tracked solar and lunar eclipses(日/月食). “The most astonishing thing about this study is the fact that we have this information at all,” said a geographer not involved in the study. Researchers are still hoping to find observations from the Incas and the Maya, and to fill in their largest hole between 200 and 600 AD, but they’ve measured the Earth’s deceleration at 1.8 milliseconds per day per century. Given the moon’s gravitational effect on our oceans, the discovery that Earth is decelerating isn’t a surprise, notes the Christian Science Monitor, though astronomers had previously estimated a higher rate.
1. Why are days longer than before according to the text?A.The earth rotates more and more slowly. |
B.Humanity has got incorrect timekeeping records. |
C.It takes longer for the earth to turn around the sun. |
D.The lost milliseconds for centuries are added to our present days. |
A.By resetting the rotating time of the earth. |
B.By referring to ancient timekeeping records. |
C.By studying the moon’s gravitational effect on the oceans. |
D.By measuring time again with an atomic clock. |
A.Geography theory supports the result of the study. |
B.The geographer disagrees to the research conclusion. |
C.The scientists’ research is meaningless. |
D.It’s right to get geographers involved in the study. |
A.Evolution. | B.Slow down. |
C.Enlargement. | D.Development. |