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Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle, runs on electricity.A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1, 700 to 3, 200 euros per bicycle.
The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard computer with a vibrating (震动的) warning system fitted in the bicycle's saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.
The saddle vibrates when other cyclists approach from behind, while, the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead.
“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fright when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO's research scientists involved in the project. “The onboard system technology has already been at work in the car industry,” he said.
“More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for short distances, but also for longer distances, ”Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP. “This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling, ”she said.
In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.
The current model weighs 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard systems smaller.
1. The intelligent bicycle is aimed to ________.
A.protect the environment |
B.help reduce traffic pressure |
C.popularize the use of bicycles |
D.improve safety for elderly cyclists |
A.The handlebars. |
B.The wheels. |
C.The saddle. |
D.The onboard computer. |
A.the elderly ride bicycles wherever they go |
B.the accident rate among elderly cyclists is high |
C.the number of elderly cyclists is decreasing |
D.the elderly are planning to give up cycling |
A.A Test Bicycle |
B.Elderly Cyclists |
C.A Smart Bicycle |
D.A Bicycle-mad Country |
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【推荐1】Crosscountry aims to provide the most punctual service possible. However, when delays do occur, we will provide you compensation in line with our Passenger Charter and National Rail Conditions of Travel.
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If your train has been delayed by 30 minutes or more to the destination printed on your ticket, you will be entitled to compensation. You can rest assured that your journey is covered whatever happens.
•How much refund am I entitled to?
The amount of compensation that you may be entitled to depends on the length of time your journey was delayed by:
Delays of 30 — 59 minutes
50% of the cost of your single ticket or 50% of the cost of either portion of your return ticket.
Delays of 60 minutes or more
100% of the cost of your single ticket or 100% of the cost of either portion of your return ticket.
Delays of two hours or more for return tickets
If either or both the outward or return legs of your journey are delayed by more than two hours and you have a return ticket, you will be entitled to receive up to 100% of the cost of the return ticket.
Smartcard Tickets
More and more tickets on the UK rail network are available to be fulfilled to Smartcard. If your claim relates to such a ticket, please include a clear image of the front of your Smartcard, and enter your Smartcard number in the “Booking reference/ticket number” field on the form. Your Smartcard number is the 18 digit number on the front of your Smartcard.
·How will I be paid?
Compensation will be paid in National Rail Travel Vouchers or, at your request, in money (for example by cheque or BACS). Rail Travel vouchers can be used as payment or part payment towards any National Rail ticket. Alternatively, you can choose to donate your claim to charity. Our chosen charity at CrossCountry Trains is Brain Tumour Research Charity.
·How do I make a claim under Delay Repay?
Please complete the form below within 28 days of the date of the delay. A readable scanned copy of your ticket is required to make a claim.
Our customer service team will respond as soon as possible and aim to reply within 10 working days. Should you have any difficulties completing the form, please call us on 0344×××123.
Alternatively, you can download our Delay Repay claim form and post to us at the address on the form.
1. If you bought an one-way ticket from Euston Station to Edinburgh, which cost you £15.4, but the journey was delayed by 70 minutes. How much refund can be received?A.None. | B.£7.7. | C.£15.4. | D.£30.8. |
A.to Smartcard | B.in cash | C.to charity | D.in National Rail Travel Vouchers |
A.complete the form anytime of the year after the delay |
B.provide a clear copy of your original ticket |
C.send the form with the original ticket attached |
D.call the customer service as soon as possible |
【推荐2】European Union member countries made the final plan that would require all new cars sold in the EU to be zero emission(排放) vehicles starting in the year 2035. It’s part of the EU’s plan to deal with climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a plan bigger than similar efforts in the US. A quarter of the EU’S emissions come from transportation, and 70% of that is road traffic.
“The direction of travel is clear: in 2035, new cars and vans(货车) must have zero emissions,” European Commission Executive Vice President Timmermans said in a statement. “The new rules on CO2-emissions from cars are a key part of the European Green Deal and will be a big contribution to our target of zero-emission by 2050,” Timmermans added.
The plan also requires that, by the year 2030, the average emissions of new cars drop by 55% and the average emissions of new vans drop by 50%, compared with vehicle emissions in 2021.
But there’s one major caveat to the plan. The EU said it would allow the continued sale of cars that run on e-fuels(合成燃料) past 2035 at Germany’s request. E-fuels are made using CO2 emissions caught in the air.
The US President has said he supports the increase of electric vehicles, and in 2021 he signed an order setting a goal that half of all new passenger cars and light trucks sold in the US in 2030 be zero-emission vehicles.
The shift from combustion engines(内燃机) to electric vehicles won’t be as easy as turning a key, experts say. Some of the challenges of changing to zero-emission vehicles include the high cost of electric cars, and a lack of charging equipment.
1. What does the EU aim to achieve by 2035?A.No emissions are made from road traffic. |
B.Its efforts have the same results as the US. |
C.No new cars make any greenhouse gas emission. |
D.One-fourth of its emissions are from transport. |
A.Difficulty. | B.Benefit. | C.Relief. | D.Excitement. |
A.It does little harm to the environment. |
B.There are some problems to be solved. |
C.I will hep reduce the cos of car-making. |
D.The government should act up to support. |
A.The US Falls Behind in Electric Cars |
B.The EU Has Mace Its Final Car Plans |
C.Different Voices Exist in the EU Plan |
D.All New Cars Will Go Green in the EU |
【推荐3】The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a report. It stated that the world is quickly running out of time to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, the level widely agreed to be the conservative, safety-first goal to prevent serious climate harm. To get there, the world would have to cut current emissions (排放物) by 45 percent by 2030. That sounds absurdly unlikely.
But before we give in to despair, we should remember that the technology to address climate change is going along at high speed. The largest source of US carbon emissions is transportation, and a Green New Deal program for motor vehicles would be quite straightforward.
The reason is simple: With some subsidies (补贴), electric cars and buses are cost- competitive with fossil-fuel vehicles. Electric buses have gone into the market at the greatest speed, because they are a logical choice for electrification. At the end of 2018, electric vehicles were displacing about 280,000 barrels of oil demand per day. That’s more than the whole consumption of Greece.
And the electric car market is also reaching maturity, with appealing designs, longer range, and a quickly-expanding rapid charging network in many countries. It’s worth emphasizing that most of the basic systems necessary to recharge electric vehicles already exist. People often tend to assume that we would need to replace every gas station, but virtually all homes and businesses already have an electrical connection which can be easily improved for fast charging. All that is needed to go fully electric is enough battery capacity and fast charging stations to deal with long trips.
Now America would have to repair its electricity production, rails, shipping, and so on to fully decarbonize (脱碳) the transportation sector. It will be considerably more difficult than simply rooting out fossil fuel vehicles from the market.
But greening America’s vehicles would be straightforward, relatively cheap, and a huge step forward on climate. The politics of climate change are so fearful that despair can seem logical, but the first step in achieving a tough goal is the firm belief that it can be done. And this particular step wouldn’t even be that tough.
1. What can we infer from the IPCC’s report?A.The world is suffering serious climate harm. |
B.Global warming is growing out of our control. |
C.We are too conservative to deal with global warming. |
D.Cutting emissions is the easiest way to stop climate change. |
A.By running at the greatest speed. |
B.By changing the way of transportation. |
C.By making consumers have logical choices. |
D.By getting financial support from governments. |
A.They aren’t so efficient in reducing emissions. |
B.There’s still much room for designing new ones. |
C.There aren’t enough fast charging stations for them. |
D.Home electrical connection can be used for charging them. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Critical. | C.Positive. | D.Uncaring. |
【推荐1】Just when I start to worry about the fate of the world, along comes a new generation of innovators who are making big changes in the way things are done.
Nikita Rafikov
Nikita is young, but he has big plans for the future, and he has the ideas to get him there. The 11-year-old developed a way to embed (嵌入) Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFP) into windows to create efficient lighting. GFP is the protein found in certain jellyfish that creates those cool bioluminescence (生物发光) cffects seen in nature photography. By embedding this protein into windows, Rafikov has found a way to light homes without the use of electricity.
Lynnae Shuck
After a positive volunteer experience at a nearby wildlife refuge, Lynnae wanted to find a way to teach more kids the role of refuges and give them more opportunities to help preserve them. So she carried out the Junior Refuge Ranger program where kids aged 8 participate in labs, habitat hikes, and birding expeditions to learn about conservation, endangered species protection, habitat restoration, and environmental awareness.
David Cohen
David Cohen’s big idea is the perfect example of how creative kids can be when they are allowed to think outside the box. Cohen was learning about earthworms in science class when he wanted to build a robotic earthworm, after which he wrote the code behind a prototype robot. By loading the robot with heat-sensing technology, GPS, and other life-saving programs, Cohen’s robot could be used to find and rescue people safely and efficiently.
Jai Kumar
Jai likes to invent things, especially things that provide simple solutions to everyday problems. The 12-year-old middle-schooler has created a gaming system for the senior as weil as an automatic light dimmer (自动变光装置) that senses sound levels in the school cafeteria. But what landed him on this list of eco-innovators is his window-mounted solar-powered air filtration device designed for developing countries where air pollution is very high. The device uses inexpensive components to purify the air before it enters the houses.
1. Who has made contributions to protecting wildlife?A.Nikita Rafikov. | B.Jai Kumar. |
C.David Cohen. | D.Lynnae Shuck. |
A.Replace the heat-sensing system. | B.Provide light automatically. |
C.Search and rescue people. | D.Accompany the senior. |
A.The windows with GFP. | B.A solar-powered air filtration device. |
C.An automatic light dimmer. | D.A game system. |
【推荐2】To someone stuck in a traffic jam, the ability to soar (高飞) right over other cars seems like a dream. Inventors and businessmen tried to make flying cars, but have never been able to. That may be changing. Many companies are competing to be the first to develop a flying car.
One of the ideas being developed is a car with wings that unfold for flight. But most are more like helicopters instead of cars and they are operated by a battery-powered motor. Still, some companies are moving forward. They see a need for “air taxis” especially as cities grow more congested. These taxis would send passengers to the rooftops of office buildings during rush hours.
Charles Eastlake is a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says advances in technology have opened the door to a whole new world of flying machines. But he also expresses some hesitancy, “It’s possible that people actually use self-flying air taxis in the next 10 or 15 years. But the challenges are big.”
The key will be making longer-lasting batteries. Batteries now could keep an air taxi in the sky for about 15 to 30 minutes. Depending on how fast it flies, that probably isn’t enough time to transport passengers. Companies will also have to get permission from the government. The government office in charge of flying says further study is needed on flying cars. It thinks the ideas being worked on are good ones, but they must be safe. Reducing noise is another challenge because air taxis will be taking off and landing in areas with a lot of people. Creating enough landing pads to deal with many flying cars at the same time is also a challenge.
Though there are so many challenges for humans to deal with, inventors and businessmen think their dream of making flying cars will come true soon.
1. What do we know about flying cars now?A.They can fly as fast as helicopters. |
B.They mainly depend on the sunlight. |
C.They resemble helicopters very much. |
D.They can fold their wings easily. |
A.Crowded. | B.Developed. | C.Modem. | D.Convenient. |
A.He will devote himself to designing flying machines. |
B.He supposes that making flying cars is beyond his power. |
C.He still has confidence in making flying cars into reality. |
D.He advises to apply the advanced technology to flying cars. |
A.making flying cars is only a dream |
B.safety is of importance to flying cars |
C.there is a long way to make real flying cars |
D.noise is the biggest problem |
【推荐3】Robots doing chores is nothing new, with Tesla having put forward its cool Optimus robot and DeepMind revealing its latest achievements in robotics. Recently, a robot called Mobile Aloha caught the attention of many at the beginning of 2024, with short videos of it cooking at someone’s home going viral in January.
Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US, the robot can handle everything for a dish, whether it is chopping(切) vegetables or cracking eggs.
It is also good at various household tasks like watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and doing laundry. It even knows to shake the pillow after putting on a pillowcase (枕套). An Internet user joked under one video that as long as this thing doesn’t try to kill him while he is asleep, he is in real need of it.
However, a following video posted by one of the researchers, Tony Zhao, and showing Mobile Aloha’s failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking. In the video, Mobile Aloha randomly smashed(打碎) glasses and plates, collided(碰撞) with cabinets(橱柜) and even burned a pot.
It turns out that Mobile Aloha is not a complete self-learning system that can independently navigate new environments. It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings, meaning that the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task. Also, according to the team, the robot achieves a 95 percent success rate in wiping red wine stains(污渍), 80 percent in pushing chairs, and a me re 40 percent in frying shrimp(虾). In short, it’s far from perfect.
The behavioral problems of AI robots have been bothering scientists for decades. Although AI robots do pretty well in things requiring high-level reasoning like math, they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of perception, reflexes(反射) and mobility, among others.
As the team observed, the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile Aloha would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task. Even a slight deviation(偏差) in the base settings might lead to significant drift in the arms’ motions, resulting in failure to complete the task.
1. What are paragraphs 2-3 mainly about ?A.Mobile Aloha’s chief functions. | B.Mobile Aloha’s original designers. |
C.Mobile Aloha’s online popularity. | D.Mobile Aloha’s possible dangers. |
A.AI robots are ready for household chores. | B.Mobile Aloha needs further improvement. |
C.It is expensive to have robots do chores. | D.Robot servants should work under humans’ watch. |
A.By copying how humans do it. | B.By performing independently. |
C.By learning from previous tasks. | D.By seeking help from programmers. |
A.Mobile Aloha—Helping or Messing up? | B.Mobile Aloha—a Helper! |
C.AI Beats Humans. | D.AI—Perfect for Housewives. |
【推荐1】Camouflage(伪装) is a type of coloration or pattern that helps an animal blend in with its surroundings. Camouflage is often used by prey as a way to disguise themselves from predators. It is also used by predators to conceal themselves as they follow their prey.
Concealing coloration allows an animal to blend into its environment hiding it from predators. Some animals have fixed camouflage, such as polar bears, whose white coloration helps them blend in with the Arctic snow. Other animals can change their camouflage at will based on where they are. For example, some marine creatures can alter their coloration to blend in with surrounding sand and rock formations. Some other animals have a type of seasonal camouflage. This includes the snowshoe hare, whose fur turns white in winter but brown during summer.
Disruptive coloration includes spots, stripes, and other patterns that breakup the outline of an animal’s shape and sometimes conceal particular body parts. The stripes of a zebra’s coat, for example, create a disruptive pattern to flies, whose compound eyes have trouble processing the pattern. Some animals have a particular type of camouflage called a disruptive eye mask. This is a band of color found on the bodies of birds, fish, and other creatures whose eye is usually easy to spot because of its distinctive shape. The mask makes the eye nearly invisible to avoid being seen by predators.
Disguise is a type of camouflage where an animal takes on the appearance of something else in its environment. Some insects, for example, disguise themselves as leaves by changing their shading. Other creatures also disguise themselves, like the walking stick or stick-bug, which resembles a slim branch.
Mimicry is away for animals to make themselves look like related animals that are more dangerous or otherwise less appealing to predators. This type of camouflage is seen in snakes, butterflies, and moths. For example, the scarlet kingsnake, a type of harmless snake found in the eastern United States, has evolved to look like the coral snake, which is highly poisonous. In this case, the animals’ deceptive coloration helps ward off other creatures that might be looking for a meal.
1. What’s the relationship between prey and predators?A.They are competitors for food. | B.Prey is the food source for predators. |
C.They rely on each other to find food. | D.Prey is the natural enemy of predators. |
A.Concealing coloration. | B.Disruptive coloration. |
C.Disguise. | D.Mimicry. |
A.Fading. | B.Annoying. | C.Confusing. | D.Surprising. |
A.Hiding by looking less attractive in the environment. |
B.Changing colors according to the living environment. |
C.Forming certain appearances to fit into the environment. |
D.Evolving into a permanent color or shape to avoid danger. |
【推荐2】Learning Chinese could be one of the most important decisions you ever make. Chinese is becoming the language to learn in the 2lst century. With the world’s largest population and a rapidly growing middle class, China stands to become the engine of the world’s economy in the coming years. This will make learning Chinese very important for people in many industries, or for those of us who wish to visit China or learn from its culture and history.
There is an ongoing effort to modernize the writing system and standardize the language. An increasing number of people learning Chinese are learning the Mandarin, so unless you absolutely need to learn another dialect (such as Cantonese), be sure you are studying Mandarin.
For native English speakers Chinese is one of the most difficult and most different languages to learn. The vocabulary is wholly unfamiliar and unlike anything we know. In addition, in the Chinese tone system, words are spoken in rising or falling tones, which help to distinguish between them. Furthermore, there is the Chinese writing system-a collection of thousands of individual ideograms (表意文字), or symbols, which represent a word or an idea. These ideograms have no phonetic value-that is to say, we can’t tell how the word is pronounced by how it is written. There is a method to present written Chinese in a phonetic script called Pinyin. If you are learning Chinese, you’ll be working with this Pinyin system, but the beauty of the traditional writing system shouldn’t be passed up. All these factors make learning Chinese difficult for us. Yet, for a determined learner, there’s always a way to overcome it.
1. Learning Chinese is becoming more and more important, because .A.Chinese engines are very welcome |
B.China has the world’s largest population |
C.there are more and more rich people in China |
D.China has become important to the world economy |
A.the difficulties of learning Chinese |
B.the advantages of learning Chinese |
C.the Chinese tone system |
D.the Chinese writing system |
A.The sources of Chinese characters. |
B.The importance of learning Chinese. |
C.The advice on how to learn Chinese. |
D.The difficulties of learning other languages. |
【推荐3】Tourism wasn’t as important as it is today. In the past, only people with a good deal of money could travel on holidays to other countries. More people travel today than in the past because there is a growing middle class in many parts of the world; that is to say, people now have more money for travel. Special plane fares for tourists make travel less expensive and more attractive than ever before. One person doesn’t travel for the same reason as another. But most people enjoy seeing countries that are different from their own. They also like to meet new people and to taste new food.
Tourism causes many changes in a country and in people’s lives. People build new hotels and restaurants and train native men and women as guides to show visitors around interesting places. There’re new night clubs and other amusements. International tourism is clearly a big business.
1. In the old days _________ could travel to other countries.A.boys and girls, men or women, young or old |
B.either kings or queens |
C.both the poor and the rich |
D.nobody but those who had money |
A.people have become interested in traveling |
B.traveling today is easier than in the past |
C.people now have spare money for travel |
D.great changes have taken place in the world |
A.Travel by air to other countries is much cheaper today. |
B.More guides are being trained to show beautiful spots. |
C.Modern telegraph lines make travel less expensive. |
D.New hotels and restaurants have been built. |
A.The Change of Tourism | B.Tourism |
C.The Importance of Tourism | D.The Cause (原因) of Tourism Change |