You may have experienced the annoyance of being fined because of parking illegally or finding your car towed away(拖走)after leaving it parked somewhere for a couple of minutes. But now a high-tech car sticker that’s designed to be stuck to a car’s windscreen could help motorists avoid such a situation.
The Tow Stop sticker sends a text message to a driver when touched by a traffic policeman, to allow motorists to send a reply and give them time to move their cars immediately. Frankfurt-based IT consultant, Daniel Kalliontzis, came up with the idea and is raising money to put his £43 sticker into production.
Car owners can put the sticker inside their car’s windscreen, having set it up with key information, such as their phone number. The slim design will include a sensor(传感器)that, when touched by a traffic policeman, will send a text message warning a driver of a possible fine. The driver could then type a reply for the policeman using a smart phone, which will appear on the sticker’s screen.
The smart sticker system will rely on the good will of traffic policemen and in a way, a German law. The law states: an officer has to choose the most efficient and inexpensive way for the car owner to remove the vehicle. It could be cheaper for the government to call the driver than to tow his car.
Mail Online asked the Department of Transport whether the sticker could be used in the UK in a similar way. A spokesman said, “In England there is no legal duty to warn the motorist before issuing the ticket. However, a policeman does have the discretion not to issue a ticket if he doesn’t think the situation is that bad or he just wants to issue a warning.”
So far, Mr. Kalliontzis has raised just over £2, 362 of his £39, 381 goal. If he manages to raise the money, the stickers will be shipped in June 2015. But it appears that car owners using the smart system could get some unnecessary warning messages, because anyone could touch the smart sticker.
1. The author wrote the third paragraph to _______________.A.explain how a smart car sticker works |
B.advise drivers to buy a car sticker |
C.show the importance of a sensor |
D.tell drivers how to park a car |
A.car owners don’t have to worry about a parking ticket |
B.smart car stickers wouldn’t work as well as in Germany |
C.traffic policemen prefer to call a driver rather than tow his car |
D.the Department of Transport thinks highly of smart car stickers |
A.trouble |
B.pressure |
C.freedom |
D.opportunity |
A.Daniel Kalliontzis-a great inventor. |
B.Environment-friendly car stickers. |
C.Parking systems in Europe. |
D.End of the parking ticket? |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.
While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.
Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is extreme overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is severe in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.
You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard an another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!
Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are easily influenced by Road Rage, the key is to release your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.
1. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______.A.Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months |
B.the media created the term“RoadRage”only a few months ago |
C.one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them |
D.people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings |
A.relieve | B.cause | C.spread | D.prevent |
A.Talking while driving. | B.Driving at high speed. |
C.Shouting at another driver. | D.Sounding the horn when passing |
A.tell people how to deal with Road Rage |
B.inform people how aggressive drivers could be |
C.show people how to control themselves when angry |
D.warn people against eye contact with another driver |
【推荐2】Traffic Regulation and Accident Prevention
We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions.
Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers.
A.There are five reason for the accident and you are guilty. |
B.Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen. |
C.Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him. |
D.Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality. |
E.All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned. |
F.It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life. |
【推荐3】This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles (自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property (财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
1. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down. |
B.A case where passing a law is impossible. |
C.An area where no driving is permitted. |
D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear. |
A.stop people from breaking traffic rules |
B.help promote fully automatic driving |
C.protect drivers of all ages and races |
D.prevent serious property damage |
A.It should get the attention of insurance companies. |
B.It should be the main concern of law makers. |
C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents. |
D.It should involve no human responsibility. |
A.Singapore |
B.the UK |
C.the US |
D.Germany |
A.Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability? |
B.Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough |
C.Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed |
D.Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents |
【推荐1】Extracting (提取)CO2 from the air is one of the best ways to address climate change without preventing billions of people from getting the energy they need. But the trick is what to do with it afterwards.
Common approaches include injecting (注射)it deep underground to get rid of it. But if you could use it to make useful stuff, then it would do double duty and make the products zero-carbon since they wouldn't put extra carbon into the atmosphere. For years, focus has been on making zero-carbon petrol or jet fuel from the extracted carbon using non-fossil fuels to generate the energy needed.
Today, XPRIZE revealed the two winners in this year's 20-million-dollar prize for a competition developed to create breakthrough carbon technologies that turn emissions (排放物;排放)into products with a high net value. The winners were CarbonCure of Canada and CarbonBuilt of California. Interestingly, they both demonstrated technologies focused on decarbonizing (脱碳)the concrete industry.
CarbonBuilt developed a technology that reduces the carbon footprint of concrete by more than 50% while reducing raw material costs. During the curing process, CO2 is directly injected into the concrete mixture where it is chemically transformed and permanently stored.
CarbonCure's technology enables the production of concrete with a reduced water and carbon footprint while increasing the material's reliability. The CO2 is transformed into a permanently embedded mineral which can then be combined with new concrete mixes. The technology is able to reduce the material costs and increase profitability for producers.
Concrete is a major contributor to global warming as producing it releases a huge amount of carbon dioxide. Yet it's the most widely used artificial material, second only to water. Renewable energy sources use much concrete per unit energy produced. If they are to increase enough to make a difference in time to help the planet, getting control of the CO2 in concrete production is essential.
1. What does the underlined part “double duty” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Extracting CO2 and making useful products. |
B.Cutting CO2 emission and saving energy. |
C.Removing CO2 and creating value. |
D.Storing carbon and reducing waste. |
A.They permanently store the CO2. |
B.They make concrete more reliable. |
C.They reduce the carbon footprint of concrete. |
D.They lower the cost of concrete. |
A.To manage concrete emissions. |
B.To invest in clean energy sources. |
C.To cut the use of concrete. |
D.To find an alternative to concrete. |
A.A competition on global crisis. |
B.Innovative ways of decarbonization. |
C.A revolution in the concrete industry. |
D.The possibility of turning CO2 into treasure. |
【推荐2】Visitors to HENN-NA, a restaurant outside Nagasaki, Japan, are greeted by an odd sight: their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator. H. I. S., the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage, turned to automation partly out of necessity. Japan’s population is shrinking, and its economy is booming; the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent. “Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan,” said CEO Hideo Sawada.
Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan’s hotels will be automated in the next five years. “It takes about a year to two to get your money back,” he said. “But since you can work them 24 hours a day, and they don’t need vacation, eventually it’s more cost-efficient to use the robot.”
This may seem like a vision of the future best suited—perhaps only suited—to Japan. But according to Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute, many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated. Chui’s latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies.
The robots, in fact, are already here. Chowbotics, a company in Redwood City, California, manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen. Botlr, a robot butler, now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country.
This seems to be worrying. America’s economy isn’t developing nearly as smoothly as Japan’s, and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels, which have added more jobs than almost any other industry. That growth, in fact, has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries. The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13. 7 million American. Since 2013, it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing.
These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not. When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel, human beings want to interact with other human beings—or so we thought. The companies bringing robots into the service industry are betting that we’ll be happy to trade our relationship with robotic waiters or clerks for greater efficiency. They’re also confident that adding robots won’t necessarily mean cutting human jobs.
1. According to the writer, why was it partly out of necessity that H. I. S. turned to automation?A.It’s hard to find employees in Japan. |
B.The Japanese are used to using robots. |
C.Robotic technology is advanced in Japan. |
D.Japan’s economy develops less fast than expected. |
A.It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry. |
B.Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots. |
C.Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters. |
D.Robots now perform 54% of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels. |
A.The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated. |
B.America’s economy is developing at an unexpected rate. |
C.Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry. |
D.These two industries contribute much to America’s employment rate. |
A.the human touch may not matter that much |
B.profit is more important than customer satisfaction |
C.manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction |
D.robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency |
【推荐3】By analyzing the movement of the smile across a person’s face, the software developed by researchers at the University of Bradford can determine whether or not the expression is true. The most significant movements detected by the software were around the eyes, supporting popular theories that a true smile is one that can be seen in a person’s eyes.
“A smile is perhaps the most common of facial expressions and is a powerful way of signaling positive emotions (情绪)” says Hassan Ugail, Professor of Visual Computing at the University of Bradford, who led the research. “Techniques for analyzing human facial expressions have advanced a lot in recent years but distinguishing between true and false smiles remains a challenge because humans are not good at picking up the relevant messages.”
The software works by first mapping a person's face from within a video recording, and identifying the mouth, cheeks and eyes of the subject. It then measures how they move through the progress of the smile and calculates the differences in movement between the video pieces showing true and false smiles. They found significant differences in the way the subjects' mouths and cheeks moved when comparing the true and the false expressions. The movements around the subjects’ eyes, however, showed the most striking difference, with true smiles producing at least 10 percent more movement in these muscles (肌肉).
“We use two main sets of muscles when we smile — the zygomaticus major, which is responsible for the movements upwards of the mouth and the orbicularis oculi which causes movements around our eyes,” explains Professor Ugail. In false smiles it is often only the mouth muscles that move but, as humans we often don’t spot the lack of movement around the eyes.
He adds, “An objective way of analyzing whether or not a smile is true could help us develop improved interactions (互动) between computers and humans. It could also be important to scientists aiming to gain more understanding into human behavior and emotion.”
1. Why is it hard for humans to recognize a false smile?A.Humans are good at hiding their smiles. |
B.The relevant details are hard to catch for our eyes. |
C.Humans often put on too many facial expressions. |
D.Techniques for analyzing facial expressions are hard to develop. |
A.People usually use two main sets of muscles when smiling. |
B.True smiles produce more muscle movement around eyes. |
C.Mouths and cheeks move the same for true and false smiles. |
D.True smiles are a powerful way of signaling positive emotions. |
A.There are different sets of muscles on every human’s face. |
B.The software can improve humans’ behavior and emotion. |
C.Humans can spot the movement around the eyes in true smiles. |
D.The interactions between computers and humans remain to be improved. |
A.Eyes Can Smile |
B.Smiles Can Show One's Personality |
C.More Smiles, Longer lives |
D.True Smiles, False Movements |
【推荐1】Many early approaches to language technology—and particularly translation—got stuck in a conceptual dead end: the rules-based approach. In translation, this meant trying to write rules to analyze the text of a sentence in the language of origin, breaking it down into a sort of abstract “interlanguage” and rebuilding it according to the rules of the target language. These approaches showed early promise. But language is full of ambiguities (歧义) and exceptions, so such systems were hugely complicated and easily broke down when tested on sentences beyond the simple set they had been designed for.
Nearly all language technologies began to get a lot better with the application of statistical methods, often called a “brute force” approach. This relies on software scanning vast amounts of data, looking for patterns and learning from precedent. For example, in parsing language (breaking it down into its grammatical components), the software learns from large bodies of text that have already been parsed by humans. It uses what it has learned to make its best guess about a previously unseen text. In machine translation, the software scans millions of words already translated by humans, again looking for patterns. In speech recognition, the software learns from a body of recordings and the transcriptions made by humans.
Thanks to the growing power of processors, falling prices for data storage and, most crucially, the explosion in available data, this approach eventually bore fruit. Mathematical techniques that had been known for decades came into their own, and big companies with access to enormous amounts of data were ready to benefit.
The final advance, which began only about five years ago, came with the arrival of deep learning through digital neural networks (DNNs). These are often claimed to have qualities similar to those of the human brain: “neurons” are connected in software, and connections can become stronger or weaker in the process of learning. But Nils Lenke, head of research for a language technology company, explains matter-of-factly that “DNNs are just another kind of mathematical model,” the basis of which had been well understood for decades. What changed was the hardware being used.
Almost by chance, DNN researchers discovered that the graphical processing units (GPUs) used to produce graphics in applications like video games were also brilliant at handling neural networks. The technique has already produced big leaps in quality for all kinds of deep learning, including decoding handwriting, recognizing faces and classifying images. Now they are helping to improve all manner of language technologies, often bringing enhancements of up to 30%. That has shifted language technology from usable at a pinch to really rather good. But so far no one has quite worked out what will move it on from merely good to reliably great.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem of the rules-based approach?A.Rules are difficult to identify in some languages. |
B.It is impossible to find all the rules in a language. |
C.The rules are often misinterpreted by researchers. |
D.There are always rules too abstract to understand. |
A.The increasing amount of data |
B.The falling prices of scanning software |
C.The availability of recordings and transcripts |
D.The wider knowledge people have of language |
A.They are a big breakthrough. | B.They depend more on hardware. |
C.They are not innovative in nature. | D.They haven’t been scientifically proved. |
A.They are inferior to DNNs in their quality of deep learning. |
B.They have made language technology reliably greater than ever. |
C.They have achieved limited success regarding language technology. |
D.They help enhance language technologies by means of image classification. |
【推荐2】Used electronics are piing up fast: they are filling up landfills with dangerous pieces of waste. Some e-waste is relatively large, such as air conditioners; other e-waste is more unnoticed, such as smart labels that contain disposable batteries and other equipment.
“It’s these small batteries that are big problems,” says University of California, Irvine, public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan, who is a green technology researcher and adviser for major tech companies and was not involved in developing the battery. “Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem. Their new paper describes a water-activated paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.
The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side and a negatively charged side. A traditional battery’s components are covered in plastic and metal; in the new battery, however, the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper becomes wet. When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Once the paper is wet, the battery starts working within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained function and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again.
That future may not be so far off. It is hard to predict a time line for manufacturing such items at scale, but the head of the study says he is in contact with potential industry partners and believes these batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years.
1. Why is e-waste mentioned in paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic. | B.To give people warning. |
C.To show the seriousness of it. | D.To call on people to take action. |
A.Objective. | B.Carefree. | C.Indifferent. | D.Concerned. |
A.The difference between the paper battery and the traditional battery. |
B.The working principle of the paper battery. |
C.The problem of the paper battery. |
D.The advantage of the paper battery. |
A.Paper battery: Is it far off? |
B.Paper can work wonders. |
C.Paper battery: A creative way to reduce e-waste. |
D.Let’s work together to fight e-waste. |
【推荐3】A secretive facial recognition program “could announce the end of public anonymity (匿名),” said Kashmir Hill in The New York Times. While police departments have used facial recognition tools for years, they’ve been limited to searching government-provided images, for example driver’s license photos. Now an app called Clearview AI can remove images of faces “from across the internet”—including social media sites like Facebook and Twitter, employment sites, even Venmo—gathering a database of more than 3 billion photos. “Until now, technology that readily identifies everyone based on his or her face has been forbidden because of its invasion of privacy.” Clearview licenses its technology to more than 600 law implementation agencies. New York City passed on the app after a 90-day test, worried about potential misuse. Clearview’s investors “predict that its app will eventually be available to the public.” Soon, “searching someone by face could become as easy as Googling a name.”
We’ve been building toward this moment for a long time, said Adrian Chen in The California Sunday Magazine. In the late 1800s, the French police officer Alphonse Bertillon devised the first “method for identifying criminals based on their physical features,” using 11 physical measurements. But scale changes everything. The Department of Homeland Security plans to scan “97 percent of all passengers on outgoing international flights.” And the technology has been improved and commercialized to the point where you can search a database and buy scans for as little as “40 cents an image if you opt for Amazon’s facial recognition software plan.”
All this has already led to growing fears about facial recognition, said Janosch Delcker and Cristiano Lima in Politico.com, but “efforts to check its spread are hitting a wall of resistance on both sides of the Atlantic.” A two-party push to limit the government’s use of facial recognition has been delayed in Congress. The European Union (EU) is discussing a five-year temporary ban, but European privacy rules contain “a broad carve-out for public authorities.” And authorities are using it: London’s police just last week enabled live facial recognition for cameras across the city.
Even if some bans on the technology succeed, said Bruce Schneier in The New York Times, we’re still building an “observation society.” Facial recognition is just one identification technology among many. An entirely unregulated data industry is already creating “descriptions of who we are and what our interests are” by tracking our movements, purchases, and interactions. “We are being identified without our knowledge, and society needs rules about when that is permissible.”
1. So far Clearview’s customers are ______.A.investors of AI apps | B.social media sites |
C.small groups of private users | D.government departments |
A.facial identification technology has gone far beyond its original purpose |
B.people should be scanned through more available physical measurements |
C.border security inspection has brought commercialization of identification software |
D.widespread cheap images are becoming a drawback for facial recognition technology |
A.Rules concerning anti-invasion of privacy are practicable around the world. |
B.Facial recognition technology is too irresistible to set aside for governments. |
C.Efforts to stop misuse of facial identification have achieved an initial success. |
D.Prohibition on identification technology has gained support from governments. |
A.Facial recognition is under control | B.Get your facial identification ready |
C.Your face is now public property | D.Establish a larger face database |