Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.”
Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories (卡路里) than the cheese cake alone. That’s perhaps also why eating organic (有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behavior .
Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.
1. What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?
| A．Suffering from great loneliness. |
| B．Being served by a helpful waitress. |
| C．Being treated to high quality food. |
| D．Eating with many friends. |
| A．finds any excuse for eating more |
| B．is crazy about the quality of plates |
| C．competes with others in making cookies |
| D．teaches people to stick to morality |
| A．they don’t feel hungry |
| B．they aren’t overweight |
| C．they have low blood sugar |
| D．they know little about food |
| A．When Can’t We Go on a Diet? |
| B．What Affects Eating? |
| C．How to Make Good Food |
| D．Where to Find Safe Food |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Here is some good news for those hating summer heat-July is National Ice Cream Month!
The first record of milk-based ice cream, made using heated milk, and flour, came from China’s Tang dynasty. However, the Arabs are regarded as inventing the modern type, using milk and sugar in the 9th century. By the 10th century, a delicious frozen treat using milk, cream, rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts was extremely popular in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo. Europeans discovered the icy treat in the 16th century.
Most people think their ice cream choice is a function of their taste preference.
| A．Chocolate fans must be generous and charming． |
| B．But it didn’t go to America until the 18th century． |
| C．People all over the world celebrate the special day． |
| D．Everyone, especially children, loved eating ice cream |
| E．Americans are now one of the world’s largest ice cream consumers． |
| F．Dr. Alan Hirsch, however, believes it reflects an individual’s personality, |
| G．The “cool” holiday was made by former US President Reagan on July 9,1984． |
【推荐2】In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding. high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .| A．not aware of eating more than usual |
| B．not willing to share food with others |
| C．not conscious of the food quality |
| D．not fond of the food provided |
| A．playing classical music. |
| B．Introducing lemon scent. |
| C．Making the light brighter, |
| D．Using plates of larger size. |
| A．Tips to attract more customers. |
| B．Problems restaurants are faced with. |
| C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. |
| D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants. |
Sometimes excited but mostly confused, embarrassed or even terrified, many foreigners have long complained about mistranslations of Chinese dishes. And their complaints are often valid, but such an experience at Beijing’s restaurants will apparently soon be history.
Foreign visitors will no longer, hopefully, be confused by oddly worded restaurant menus in the capital if the government’s plan to correctly translate 3,000 Chinese dishes is a success and the translations are generally adopted.
The municipal（市政）office of foreign affairs has published a book to recommend English translations of Chinese dishes, which aims to help restaurants avoid bizarre translations. It provides the names of main dishes of famous Chinese cuisines in plain English, “an official with the city’s Foreign Affairs office said .” Restaurants are encouraged to use the proposed translations, but it will not be compulsory .“ It’s the city’s latest effort to bridge the culture gap for foreign travelers in China.
Coming up with precise translations is a daunting task, as some Chinese culinary（烹饪的）techniques are untranslatable and many Chinese dishes have no English-language equivalent. The translators, after conducting a study of Chinese restaurants in English-speaking countries, divided the dish names into four categories: ingredients, cooking method, taste and name of a person or a place. For some traditional dishes, pinyin, the Chinese phonetic system, is used, such as mapo tofu (previously often literally translated as “beancurd made by woman with freckles”), baozi (steamed stuffed bun ) and jiaozi (dumplings) to “reflect the Chinese cuisine culture,” according to the book.
“The book is a blessing to tourist guides like me. Having it, I don’t have to rack my brains trying to explain Chinese dishes to foreign travellers,” said Zheng Xiaodong, a 31- year – old employee with a Beijing-based travel agency.
“I will buy the book as I major in English literature and I’d like to introduce Chinese cuisine culture to more foreign friends,” said Han Yang, a postgraduate student at the University of International Business and Economics.
It is not clear if the book will be introduced to other parts of China. But on Tuesday, this was the most discussed topic on weibo.com, China’s most popular microblogging site.
1. What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．An adventure for foreigners who eat in Beijing. |
| B．Confusing mistranslations of Chinese dishes |
| C．Chinese dishes to have “official” English names |
| D．The effort to bridge the culture gap |
| A．some Chinese dishes are not well received |
| B．some Chinese dishes are hard to translate |
| C．some Chinese dishes are mistranslated |
| D．some Chinese dishes are not acceptable |
| A．Recommending a book on Chinese dishes |
| B．Advocating using precise translation for Chinese dishes |
| C．Publishing a book on China’s dietary habits |
| D．Providing the names of main Chinese dishes |
| A．discouraging | B．disappointing |
| C．confusing | D．worthwhile |
| A．not clear | B．excited |
| C．favorable | D．divided |
While women spent their days gathering food, often with children, men were hunters who made plans about how to catch and kill their prey (猎物). These two ways of getting food in the past show how we shop in modern times, the study believes.
Women would spend hours trying to find the right things, because they had in the past spent ages trying to find the best quality and health-giving food. Men, on the other hand, decided in advance what animal they wanted to kill and then went looking for it. Once it was found and killed, they returned home.
Daniel Kruger, professor of the University of Michigan, said the study could be the answer to why there are a lot of collisions when couples go shopping together. He said it could also help couples to avoid fights in the shops if they understood the reasons why each sex had different ways of deciding on the perfect present.
“In modern times, women are much more likely than men to know when a specific type of item will go on sale. Women also spend much more time choosing the perfect color and texture.”
Professor Kruger said his study was important because if men and women understood each other’s shopping habits they could avoid arguments while shopping.
1. What has decided the different shopping habits of men and women?
| A．Different ways of keeping food in the past. |
| B．Different ways of eating in the past. |
| C．Different ways of buying food in the past. |
| D．Different ways of gathering food in the past. |
| A．catch the right animal and kill it. |
| B．spend much time on shopping. |
| C．choose the right color and texture. |
| D．know when a specific item was on sale. |
| A．Requests | B．Arguments. |
| C．Concerns. | D．Differences. |
| A．develop good shopping habits. |
| B．avoid arguments in shopping between men and women. |
| C．give people tips on choosing good gifts. |
| D．make sure people buy safe food for children. |
【推荐2】Science not always so serious
Did you know that if you attach a weighted stick to the back of a chicken, it walks like a dinosaur?
No, you did not know (or care to know) such things, but now you do! Thanks to this year’s winners of the Ig Nobel Prizes! Now in its 25th year, the Ig Nobel is the goofy younger cousin of the honored Nobel Prize. It applauds achievements in the fields of medicine, biology, physics, economics, literature, etc. Every September at Harvard University, awards are presented in 10 categories that change year to year, depending on — according to the organization — what makes the judges “laugh, then think”.
The ceremony officially begins when audience members launch paper airplanes at an assigned human target on the stage, then speakers only have 60 seconds to present their research. In previous years, the one-minute rule was imposed by a young girl — nicknamed Miss Sweetie Poo — who would go up to the platform and repeat the words: “Please stop, I’m bored,” in a sharp tone until the speaker left the stage.
Fortunately for candidates though, the Ig Informal Lectures are held afterwards on Saturday to give presenters more time to explain the crazy things they’re working on.
The research can seem more like the brainchildren of teenage boys than of respectable adults. Justin Schmidt won the physiology Ig for creating the “Sting Pain Index,” which rates the pain people feel after getting stung (蛰) by insects. Smith pressed bees against 25 different parts of his body until they stung him. Five stings a day for 38 days, Smith concluded that the most painful sting locations were the nostril (鼻孔) and the upper lip. Ouch.
As silly as they sound, not all of the Ig awards lack scientific applicability. A group of scientists from 12 different countries won in the medicine category for accurately diagnosing patients with appendicitis (阑尾炎) based on an unusual measurement: speed bumps (减速带). They found that patients are more likely to have appendicitis if they report pain during bumpy car rides.
All these weird experiments have just one thing in common. They’re improbable. It can be tempting to assume that “improbable” implies more than that — implies bad or good, worthless or valuable, trivial or important. Something improbable can be any of those, or none of them, or all of them, in different ways. And what you don’t expect can be a powerful force for not only entertaining science, but also for the boundary-pushing science we call innovation.
1. The underlined word “goofy” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.| A．timid | B．funny |
| C．glorious | D．warm-hearted |
| A．It is held at a fixed place. |
| B．Candidates should know how to fold paper planes. |
| C．Miss Sweetie Poo is one of the hostesses. |
| D．Ig Informal Lecture gives presenters 60 seconds to finish their speeches. |
| A．celebrates the diligent work of researchers |
| B．offers another opportunity to those who miss the Nobel Prizes |
| C．serves as a platform for the creative and practical achievements |
| D．amuses the audience |
| A．A chemist who invents a chemical method to partially un-boil an egg. |
| B．A novelist who criticizes social injustice severely. |
| C．A physicist who studies the origin of the universe. |
| D．An economist who achieves a breakthrough in the study of international trade. |
【推荐3】I love asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones with no right answers. I remember once asking kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. A shy girl suggested it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize, because no humans live in that distant world and time is a human construct.
In fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get accustomed to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it; just relax and go with the flow. Conventional wisdom may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned conventional wisdom and challenged our common-sense notions of the world that have stimulated the major advancements of human civilization.
In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing? Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth revolves (旋转) around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet? The answer to this question would not end up being revealed to us for another century.
People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge conventional wisdom tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions.
1. What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author?| A．We lay too much emphasis on process. |
| B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow. |
| C．We start to challenge common-sense notions of the world. |
| D．We gradually lose the ability to question conventional wisdom. |
| A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC. | B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642. |
| C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727. | D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955. |
| A．By comparison and contrast. | B．By using supporting examples. |
| C．By using time and space order. | D．By generalization and definition. |
| A．Asking Stupid Questions: the Smartest Thing You Can Do |
| B．Exploring the Universe: the Ultimate Goal for Humankind |
| C．Conventional Wisdom: What It Means and When to Use It |
| D．Human Civilization: the Relationship Between Man and Nature |
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.
1. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.
| A．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit |
| B．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods |
| C．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs |
| D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
| A．destroy body’s cells | B．stop body’s metabolism |
| C．may lead to obesity | D．are difficult to digest |
| A．To warn people of the problem of obesity. |
| B．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. |
| C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. |
| D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. |
| A．violent | B．progressive | C．positive | D．harmful |
【推荐2】“Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edges out into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent mammals seem to enjoy our company and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity putting their survival at risk?
A recent study has shown that the behavior of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these factors could have a very negative effect on their general health. Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities, events like these cause a lot of stress.
Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. We could do by keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time. Most importantly, instead of interrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them. In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on the planet that we shall share.
1. Why are Eco-wildlife tours increasingly popular?| A．Because they are widely advertised. |
| B．Because tourists can visit wild animals in nature. |
| C．Because wild animals enjoy our company. |
| D．Because visitors do not disturb wild animals. |
| A．Interested. | B．Supportive. | C．Critical. | D．Confused. |
| A．The visiting boats excite whales and dolphins. |
| B．Boats drive young whales and dolphins away from their parents. |
| C．Human’s attention benefits whales and dolphins a lot. |
| D．Getting too close to wild animals may cause trouble to them. |
| A．Making less interaction with them. |
| B．Keeping a minimum distance between boats. |
| C．Banning boats entering their habitat. |
| D．Making them adapt to our daily routine. |
【推荐3】AI, 5G, cloud computing and other digital technologies are not only changing our lives but shaping the economy as well.
China’s six major commercial banks are stepping up digital wallet efforts to provide new drive for the e-CNY(数字人民币) trials in the country, as reported by Shanghai Securities News on March 23.
“The functions and properties of e-CNY are exactly the same as those of the paper currency, except that the form is digital,” said Mu Changchun, head of the People’s Bank of China’s Digital Currency Research Institute.
Many people are puzzled by e-CNY and electronic payments. “Digital currency has the characteristics of both paper money and electronic payment,” said Wu Qianhong, a professor at the School Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University. “In theory, digital currency can replace paper money, Alipay and WeChat payments.”
Compared with Alipay and WeChat payments, e-CNY features anonymity (匿名性) and security. E-commerce platforms that accept payments via e-CNY will not have access to user’s personal information. E-CNY users can open an anonymous digital wallet by registering a mobile phone number, and telecom operators cannot disclose customer information to the central bank or any third-party institutions. Mu noted that e-CNY users’ privacy protection is at the highest level among all the existing payment tools.
Similar to Alipay and WeChat payments, using e-CNY requires an account. After obtaining the other party’s account number, users can enter the amount of digital money to transfer and then enter the payment password to complete the transaction (交易). However, the process behind these transfers are different. For electronic payments, the transfer has to go through a third party, and the receivers will get the transferred money only when they withdraw money from banks. But e-CNY transfers only need a payer and a receiver to complete a transaction. Therefore, it guarantees risk-free payments, according to Wu.
In simple terms, e-CNY can be considered “money”, while electronic payments are like “wallet”.
1. What can we know about e-CNY?| A．It is issued by six major commercial banks. |
| B．It combines paper money and electronic payment. |
| C．It is designed to replace Alipay and WeChat payments. |
| D．It has exactly the same function as other payment tools. |
| A．By limiting access to personal information. |
| B．By storing personal data in the central bank. |
| C．By opening a unique digital wallet for each user. |
| D．By linking telecom operators to a mobile phone number. |
| A．E-CNY transfers require to go through a third party. |
| B．E-CNY is more convenient than other electronic payments. |
| C．E-CNY can be transferred without the receiver’s information. |
| D．E-CNY and electronic payments ensure security in the same way. |
| A．To promote the use of e-CNY. | B．To inform readers of e-CNY. |
| C．To compare different types of payments. | D．To describe the impact of digital technologies. |
