阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项 (A 、B 、C 和 D )中,选出最佳选项。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/12/28/1822792290836480/1822792290942976/STEM/093dcbc716b6446ba199f022b4935caf.png)
A recent announcement by scientists that they have successfully cloned the first human embryo(胚胎) has caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues(组织) and organs that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear that if mankind interferes with (干涉) nature in this way, they may be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein's monster.
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly—the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were angry because they thought cloning would create more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
The Scottish scientist who created Dolly, Ian Wilmut, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, he has never thought of creating copies of humans. Instead, he thinks the scientists should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human lives.
While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with the research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian doctor, is one of the leaders in this field of research. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
1. Which of the following statements about cloning is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Cloning technology can only be applied to animals. |
B.A cloned animal can live longer than a normal one. |
C.People all over the world are happy about the birth of Dolly. |
D.Cloning can produce valuable tissues and organs to cure human diseases. |
A.cloning may produce a real-life Frankenstein's monster |
B.cloning might create more diseases in the animal world |
C.cloning human embryos shows no respect for human lives |
D.cloning can't help those who want to clone their dead children |
A.Ian Wilmut. |
B.Severino Antinori. |
C.The author. |
D.The Chinese scientists. |
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【推荐1】A hospital has been forced to ban Pokemon Go players from the site after a monster hub(妖怪枢纽站) was found in the A&E department. Royal Stoke University Hospital discovered that its casualty unit(急诊室) is on the same spot as a Pokemon Go ‘gym’ —— where players can train their newly caught Nintendo creatures.
The University Hospitals of North Midlands Trust agreed last week that patients can play Pokemon Go on wards because walking around is healthy. But the Trust has been forced to post a warning on its website about public access to A&E. It said if Pokemon Go becomes a major annoyance it would ask Nintendo—— which decides on the locations of the virtual gyms according to GPS——to have it removed from the premises(道馆).
Kevin Parker, associate chief nurse, said, “Members of the public who do not need to be at Royal Stoke should not attempt to enter A&E or any other part of the hospital building to play the game. The A&E department is incredibly busy this summer. We want the public to understand that anybody who visits the hospital solely to play the game will provide an unwanted distraction to the important work of the hospital. I’m also aware of various reports in the media of unsafe areas that the game has been played in.”
“Royal Stoke University Hospital is a safe area where gamers can enjoy Pokemon Go.” Michelle Harris, the Trust’s manager, said the game could still be played by those already in hospital. “We recognize that the Pokemon Go game encourages walking and exercise, which is something that the Trust is equally keen to promote,” she said.
There are a number of “walking routes” established throughout the Trust that can be used to combine walking and playing the game. “Walking just 30 minutes, five times a week, can help reduce the risk of preventable illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.”
There have been several warnings about the game since its UK release. Last week a group of teenagers in Wiltshire were left stranded almost 100ft underground after they got carried away searching for Pokemon Go characters. The four boys, aged 16 and 17, ended up getting lost and had to wait to get a phone signal before they could call for help. Eventually, they contacted Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue team, who took them to safety. Damien Bence, of the fire and rescue team, said: “Pokemon Go is obviously leading people into dangerous situations.”
1. It seems that Pokemon Go is a game______.A.designed to help patients in hospital recover sooner |
B.helping cure such diseases as obesity, diabetes and heart disease |
C.encouraging players to walk and exercise instead of staying indoors |
D.warning teenagers of the places easy to get lost or attacked |
A.more patients’ arrival increases the workload of the A&E department |
B.doctors’ playing the game makes the A&E department less efficient |
C.players’ injury increases the workload of the A&E department |
D.players’ arrival disturbs the work of the A&E department |
A.hurt | B.disturbed |
C.trapped | D.threatened |
A.the negative effects of Pokemon Go since its UK release |
B.the applications of Pokemon Go in hospitals since its UK release |
C.the popularity of Pokemon Go since its UK release |
D.the establishment of Pokemon Go virtual gyms since its UK release |
【推荐2】Me : Hello Dad! I’ve an exam today.
He : All the best son! I’m getting a strong feeling. You’ll rock it today. May god bless you!
Me : Thank you dad. Bye! And I hang up the call.
My friend standing beside me chuckles, “Do you do this before every exam?” I answer, “Yes, I feel good and encouraged, and so do they.” It hardly takes a minute to call up your parents, but it gives a lot of confidence and makes their day too.
Not calling up parents is indeed a common mistake college students make. For me the most common mistake is treating it like school. When I went to university, most of the people around me came straight from school. They had the thought like children who were being forced to do something. They skipped classes, sat at the back talking during lectures and even didn’t do the reading! They were still in “school” mode, thinking that the point was to get through it with the least effort.
For my part, I was there after working in a beer factory for three years. I knew that I had gone to university because I wanted to learn. I wasn’t there because my teachers at school made me go, or my parents made me go, or because my friends were all going. I had chosen to go. I think that this put me in a different mind. I read all the set texts and I went to all the lectures and seminars. Don’t get me wrong. I had fun too, but I was there to learn and I learnt a lot. I enjoyed it and it was rewarding to learn about the authors, their works, the critic's opinions etc.
The kids around me thought that reading six novels for a module and going to a lecture for each novel was too much work. They would read one novel, go to the lecture for that one and write their essay on that one book. They thought that they were really clever to work out an easier way of doing it. But they were tricking themselves out of an education!
There are other mistakes that may cause future regrets for the college students. A large number of them focus too hard on getting good grades, showing no interest in out-of-class side projects. Some complain that they are too busy because of school. As a matter of fact, they do not seriously treat all the free resources that universities have to offer.
1. The writer begins the passage with a dialogue in order to __________.A.show off his writing skills | B.expect his friend to admire him |
C.lead in the topic naturally | D.show he likes making phone calls |
A.They attend every class for free chatting. |
B.They show little interest in active learning. |
C.They avoid reading books all the time. |
D.They highly praise independent learning. |
A.Because his parents forced him to. | B.Because he learned from his friend. |
C.Because his teachers asked him to. | D.Because he was dying for knowledge. |
A.They lost their learning chances without noticing it. |
B.They made up excuses for their laziness in learning. |
C.They often pretended to be working hard at everything. |
D.They told lies about what they were doing in college. |
A.stop being hard on themselves academically |
B.make the most of the university they go to |
C.have some relaxation after taking classes |
D.feel thankful for what they are doing now |
【推荐3】What does it mean to be intelligent?
It seems that everyone goes to college now, whether or not they find themselves interested in studying something long term. Even though I know there are different ways to be intelligent, I struggle due to society’s influence, which maintains that intelligence is quantifiable (可量化的) and that academic intelligence is one and the only.
Where do IQ tests come into play when one considers intelligence? Do they fall closest to priority when considering this unquantifiable concept? Intelligence simply cannot be reduced to an IQ test, which are not effective. While designed to measure “intelligence,” all they measure are biological developments that can change as one grows.
There are many factors that can indicate an intelligent being, such as academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, and worldly intelligence. For instance, if a student realizes that they haven’t studied appropriately for an exam, he or she would have the ability to acknowledge that, and then make revisions to his or her study habits accordingly.
Emotional intelligence is what surpasses (超越) those who are hard-headed. Those who maintain academic intelligence may still be a bit dull and unaware of themselves.
A.All of life is communicatory. |
B.Specifically, this is emotional intelligence. |
C.Intelligence is determined by many factors. |
D.Stubbornness is a barrier towards communication. |
E.In fact, there are many with low IQ scores that are intelligent. |
F.Some connections exist between intelligence and communication. |
G.So there is academic intelligence, emotional intelligence, and worldly intelligence. |
【推荐1】Nobody needs reminding that exercise is good for our health, but we may need reminding that it needs to be done in the right way.
Light exercises are a great way to improve circulation and keep our muscles active, especially if the rest of the day will be spent sitting in front of a computer or in a lecture hall. However, certain sports like long distance running require training to build up our bodies so they can handle the challenge. If we go into such sport cold, it can shock our muscles, hearts, lungs, and other organs and cause severe pain or in some cases, even death.
Some people are born with medical conditions that go unnoticed until they stress the unstable part of their body. A weak heart may never be seen until we do something that causes extreme physical effort. Recently there have been cases of people dying while running long distances. Also, a university student died after taking a 1.000m running exam. Some universities and high schools have cut long distance races (i.e. 3.000m, 5,000m) from their campus sports games, partly because of the supposed danger and partly because they say fewer people are entering such events.
Maybe education about such events is lacking, especially during primary and high school. People participating in such competitions should realize that a reasonable amount of training is required beforehand and having a medical check is wise, especially for a marathon. People shouldn’t be forced to participate in events that push them past their limits, especially if they haven’t warmed-up completely. Cancelling events could lead to people becoming less healthy and overweight. Maybe these events shouldn’t be cancelled, but organizers and participants should be more careful about regular health checks.
1. Why does the author write the text?A.To give us some reminding on exercises. |
B.To persuade us to take less sports. |
C.To advise students to have regular exercises. |
D.To require cancelling long distance running. |
A.Having trained a lot. | B.Without any preparation. |
C.Having a low temperature. | D.In an unfriendly way. |
A.Because no students are willing to enter such events. |
B.Because the students’ physical conditions are too poor to finish them. |
C.Because long distance running is not fit for students. |
D.Because they worry about the supposed danger in such races. |
A.Have a medical check and warm-up exercises. |
B.Push ourselves past our limits. |
C.Participate in it confidently. |
D.Try to lose some weight first. |
【推荐2】Research shows people have a tendency to seek out information during uncertain times — it’s a natural coping mechanism (机制). But is continuous information-seeking on social media, sometimes called doomscrolling (末日刷刷刷), helpful during a pandemic, or any time?
Research on the effects of bad news on mood suggests exposure to negative COVID news is likely to be dangerous to our emotional well being. For instance, one study conducted in March 2020 involving more than 6,000 Americans found that the more time participants spent consuming COVID news in a day, the unhappier they felt.
These findings are striking but leave a few key questions unanswered. Does doomscrolling make people unhappy, or are unhappy people just more likely to doomscroll? How much time spent doomscrolling is a problem? And what would happen if, instead of doomscrolling, we were “ kindness scrolling ” — reading about humanity’s positive responses to a global crisis?
To find out answers to these questions, researchers conducted a study where they showed hundreds of people real-world content on either Twitter or YouTube for two to four minutes. The Twitter feeds and YouTube videos featured either general news about the COVID, or news about kindness during COVID. Researchers then measured these participants’ moods using a questionnaire, and compared their moods with participants who did not engage with any content at all.
People who were shown general COVID-related news experienced lower moods than people who were shown nothing at all. Meanwhile, people who were shown COVID news stories involving acts of kindness didn’t experience the same decline in mood, but also didn’t gain the boost in mood they’ d predicted. These findings suggest that spending as little as two to four minutes consuming negative news about COVID-19 can have a negative impact on our mood.
Researchers are still working on what people can do to look after themselves, and make time on social media more pleasurable.
1. How did the author introduce the topic of the text?A.By asking a question. | B.By telling a story. |
C.By listing lots of figures. | D.By answering a question. |
A.To figure out why people like doomscrolling. |
B.To find out what news has bad effects on emotion. |
C.To figure out the answers to the few key questions. |
D.To find out what news people like about doomscrolling. |
A.No news may lead people to low mood. |
B.General COVID-related news may cause low spirits. |
C.COVID news of kindness may boost mood. |
D.2-4 minutes of COVID-19 news viewing doesn’t affect mood. |
A.The research time. | B.The results of the study. |
C.The study institution. | D.The number of participants. |
【推荐3】Vaping (吸电子烟) is becoming booming these days. The basic idea behind this is simple: vaping is a way of taking in nicotine (and other substances) that is far safer than smoking, because vapes produce far lower levels of the most harmful chemicals than cigarettes, as the World Health Organization notes. But there are several obvious issues with this.
Firstly, there is enormous variability in vaping products and devices. The market is largely unregulated, which means the term “vape” covers everything from solid, reliable devices to something that will explode when you put it in your mouth.
Switching from smoking to vaping is probably good for your health, but the epidemiological (流行病学的) evidence shows that most people become what’s known as “dual users” who both vape and smoke in differing amounts. Because of their different smoking regimes (养生法,方法), the evidence on whether dual use is more beneficial than just smoking is unclear.
Vaping is obviously worse for your health than quitting completely. In an experimental study led by Prof David Thickett in the University of Birmingham, the researchers designed a mechanical procedure to mimic (模拟) vaping in the laboratory, using lung tissue samples provided by eight nonsmokers. They found that vapor (蒸汽,雾) of vaping damaged the activity of alveolar macrophages (肺泡巨噬细胞), cells that remove potentially damaging dust particles and bacteria. They said some of the effects were similar to those seen in regular smokers and people with chronic lung disease. Moreover, there’s pretty good evidence that vaping nicotine products is habit-forming and addictive, and there’s a great deal of concern among epidemiologists that in young people vaping can lead to smoking, which is obviously a bad thing.
1. Which of the following is the most harmful to our health according to most people?A.Smoking. | B.Vaping. |
C.Dual use of both vaping and smoking. | D.Nonsmoking. |
A.Vaping does less harm to health than smoking. | B.Vaping can make one addicted to it. |
C.Vaping is a bad thing. | D.Vaping is safer than smoking. |
A.travel | B.sports | C.health | D.music |
A.Supportive. | B.Indifferent. | C.Favorable. | D.Disapproving. |