America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while, then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don't show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families. |
B.Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives. |
C.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy. |
D.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. |
A.warmly welcomed at the airport |
B.treated hospitably at his home |
C.offered a ride to his home |
D.treated to dinner in a restaurant |
A.willing to spend time | B.serious with time |
C.careful with time | D.strict with time |
A.Friendships Between Chinese |
B.Friendships Between Americans |
C.Americans' and Chinese's Views of Friendships |
D.Americans' Hospitality |
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【推荐1】When your friends suddenly stop talking to you, it can leave you confused on what to do next.
Find out if they have shut all their friends out or just you. It’s important to figure out if your friends have moved on from everyone, or just you. If it’s just you, then you probably did something at some point.
Reflect on yourself. Have your friends been upset with you for a while? Would you get it if they were? Not all people yell or scream when they’re upset.
Communicate in a different way. There’s always the possibility that your friends haven’t shut you out completely, but they are bored with a certain form of communication, like texting or chatting online.
A.Give them a helping hand. |
B.So sometimes they take a break from it. |
C.If you feel it was something bad, apologize for it. |
D.Let your friends know you’re open to friendships. |
E.There are many reasons why your friends might shut you out. |
F.Your friends may not answer your calls or emails suddenly. |
G.Some people will talk to you calmly about something you did. |
【推荐2】Life is filled with challenges. As we get older, we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with friendship. When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two choices. We can try to accept it, or we can decide that the thing isn’t worth the trouble and call it quits. Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most cases what we need are commitment(投入) and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable it is, we will always choose to face it instead of running away from it. Communication is making space for discussion and talking about how you feel instead of just saying what others did wrong. If you can say to a friend “I got my feelings hurt.” rather than “You hurt my feelings.”, you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
When dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are: small hurdles(障碍) you need to jump or get through on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger. It’s all part of growing up. It happens to everyone, and some day you will look back on all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a benefit.”
1. What can we infer from the text?A.Friendship needs challenges. |
B.Challenges shape our characters. |
C.Small hurdles aren’t worth the trouble. |
D.Commitment can form friendship. |
A.Get over it. | B.Let go of it. |
C.Forget about it. | D.Put it aside. |
A.one should call it quits |
B.one should temporarily run away from it |
C.one should commit and communicate |
D.one should lay it aside for a while and ask for others’ help |
A.friendship and challenges |
B.communication and friendship |
C.commitment and communication |
D.challenges and the ways to face them |
【推荐3】A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
1. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.A.his associates asked for a leave | B.there was a scheduling mistake |
C.few customers needed to be served | D.the restaurant was scheduled to close |
A.washing dishes | B.taking photos |
C.taking orders | D.cooking food |
A.They shared the same community spirit. | B.They were family members of Ben. |
C.They wanted to serve themselves. | D.They were too hungry to wait. |
A.Lucky and excited. | B.Moved and inspired. |
C.Relieved and hopeful. | D.Content and unbelievable. |
【推荐1】The Maoris are the local Polynesian people of New Zealand. The Maoris originated with settlers from eastern Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand by boat around 1150 AD. Over several centuries in separation, the Polynesian settlers developed a unique culture, with their own language and special crafts and performing arts. The early Maoris formed tribal (部落的) groups based on eastern Polynesian social customs and organizations.
The arrival of Europeans, starting in the 17th century, brought great changes to the Maori way of life. The Maoris gradually learned from the Western society and culture. The primary relations between the Maoris and Europeans were largely kind, and the two cultures coexisted peacefully. Rising stress over land sales led to conflict in the 1860s. Great social changes, decades of conflict and introduced diseases made the number of the Maoris fall greatly. By the start of the 20th century, the Maori population had begun to recover, and efforts had been made to increase their standing in wider New Zealand society and achieve social justice. Traditional Maori culture therefore enjoyed a great revival.
In 2013, there were about 600,000 Maoris in New Zealand, making up 15% of the national population. They are the second-largest ethnic group in New Zealand, after European New Zealanders. In addition, more than 120,000 Maoris live in Australia. The Maori language is still spoken to some degree by about a fifth of all Maoris, representing 3% of the total population. Many New Zealanders regularly use Maori words and expressions, such as “kia ora”, while speaking English.
Many Maoris face big economic and social problems, with lower life expectancies and incomes compared with other New Zealand ethnic groups. They suffer higher levels of crime, health problems, and educational underachievement. Some measures have been taken to aim at closing the gap between the Maoris and other New Zealanders.
1. Which is mentioned in paragraph 1?A.The Maoris come originally from New Zealand. |
B.The Maoris differ from Polynesians. |
C.The Maoris have their own culture. |
D.The Maoris like to live in separation. |
A.The culture difference. | B.The social changes. |
C.The introduced diseases. | D.The land problem. |
A.Not all Maoris speak the Maori language. |
B.It’s unusual for New Zealanders to speak it. |
C.It’s spoken by about a fifth of people worldwide. |
D.It’s the second-largest language in New Zealand. |
A.The characteristics of the Maoris. | B.The problems the Maoris face. |
C.The language the Maoris use. | D.The history of the Maoris. |
【推荐2】Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer (征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally,in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two "Irelands". Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a lack of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly, Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were "the greatest talkers since the Greeks". Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish song which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
1. We learn from the text that in Ireland _____.A.food shortages in the 1840s led to a decrease in population |
B.people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside |
C.it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker |
D.different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments |
A.the Irish character | B.Irish culture |
C.Irish musical instruments | D.a famous Irish writer |
A.life in Ireland | B.A very difficult history |
C.Ireland, past and present | D.the independence of Ireland |
【推荐3】For Angelo and his sister Felana, it’s the beginning of another school day. They finish their homework, and then walk the few hundred meters from home to school.
Few children in the world look forward to this journey as much as they do. For them, this is a new life. They had nowhere to go before. Now, they have a proper house and go to school—the dream has come true.
In 1989, seventy percent of Malagasy’s people lived below the poverty line because of a war. Madagascar is one of the world’s poorest countries. Fifteen years ago, Father Pedro set up Akamasoa. It is a community of people who work together to help the poor. It has become the biggest humanitarian (人道主义的) project on the island. They’ve built 3,500 houses for 17,000 people.
Angelo’s mother says, “I had built a house with my husband in Tana before we lived in the city but it was destroyed by a big wind and my husband died, I couldn’t afford to send my children to school any more and the house rent in Tana was too high. Then, I was told to see Father Pedro. Thanks to him, today, my children eat at the canteen. We have a house, and I’m working I don’t earn much but we can live now.”
While Angelo shows off to the rest of the class, the fire is lit and lunch is being prepared. It’s Mama Jory’s job in Akamason to make sure that all the children are fed at lunchtime. Jory, the Akamasoa head cook, says, “We feed 7,000 children almost every day. The only day when we don’t cook is Sunday. They don’t eat beans all the time. On Mondays, they get rice, too and green vegetables on Tuesdays and when we have enough money, we cook meat, usually on the weekends.”
1. What do we know about Father Pedro from paragraph 3?A.He forced the people to work together. |
B.He managed to fight against his enemies. |
C.He tried to help the poor people live a happier. |
D.He set up an educational organization for the kids. |
A.She hated the education system in Tana. |
B.Her husband had to be treated in the city. |
C.She was ordered to the city by Father Pedro. |
D.She hadn’t enough money to support her family in Tana. |
A.On Monday. | B.On Tuesday. |
C.On Saturday. | D.On Sunday. |
A.Angelo is the head cook in Akamasoa at present. |
B.The children have rice for lunch on Mondays. |
C.Jory cooks beans for the children every day. |
D.Seven thousand people work in Akamasoa. |
【推荐1】Few of nature’s animals are as misunderstood as bats. We at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service want to set the record straight and help others understand the importance of bats. Though often feared and disliked as bad creatures of the night, bats are vital to the health of our environment and our economy.
Bats play an essential role in pest control, pollinating plants and spreading seeds. Recent studies estimate that bats eat enough pests to save more than $1 billion per year in crop damage and pesticide costs in the United States corn industry alone. While many bats eat insects, others feed on nectar and provide pollination for plants like peaches and bananas. A third bat food source is fruit, leading to another important role—seed dispersal. Fruit-eating bats can account for as much as 95% of the seed dispersal responsible for early growth in recently cleared rainforests.
Unfortunately, bats are declining across the globe. Many bats are needlessly killed because people do not understand the important role bats play in a healthy ecosystem. For bats that hibernate in caves, human activities resulting in loss of habitat and interruptions during hibernation are harmful. Making matters worse, a fungal disease called white-nose syndrome has claimed the lives of more than 5 million bats since its discovery in 2006. The fungus can be transmitted from bat to bat, cave to bat and even cave to cave. Since many bats hibernate in the same caves over the winter, the fungus can kill an entire bat colony once established.
We are now working to protect bats, research treatments to stop the spread of white-nose syndrome and raise awareness about just how incredible, and vulnerable (脆弱的), bats are. We complete bat surveys and use bands and transmitters to learn more about movements, habitats and lifespans. Hopefully, the more we know about them, the greater the chance they will survive.
1. What particular contribution do fruit-eating bats make to a healthy ecosystem?A.Spreading seeds. | B.Pollinating plants. |
C.Controlling pests. | D.Increasing crop yield. |
A.Crowded caves. | B.The loss of habitat. |
C.Infectious diseases. | D.Disturbed hibernation. |
A.What we’re doing to conserve bats. | B.How we can live in harmony with bats. |
C.What should be learned for bats’ survival. | D.How we raise awareness of bat protection. |
A.To list the risks bats are faced with. | B.To help create a bat-friendly environment. |
C.To clarify the misunderstandings about bats. | D.To stress the irreplaceable role bats play in ecosystem. |
【推荐2】Throughout history people have always been surprised at the intelligence of some birds.Crows (乌鸦)are such an example.Crows’brain is only about the size of a human thumb,so how smart could they be?
While a crow’s brain may seem small compared with a human brain,what matters is the size of the brain in relation to the size of the animal.According to Professor John Marzluff at the University of Washington’s Aviation Conservation Lab,a crow is actually a flying monkey.Whether is is a friendly monkey or more like a bad one in The Wizard of Oz depends a lot on what you have done ot it(or any of its friends).
Can you tell one crow from another?In this way,a crow may be smarter that you because it can recognize human faces.Marzluff’s team caught some crows,made marks on them and released them.Members of the team wore different masks.Crows could attack people wearing a mask,but only if the mask had been worn by someone who had troubled them.
If you think two crows that are watching you and crying to each other are talking about you,you are probably right.In Marzluff’s study,even crows that were never caught attacked scientists.How did the crows describe their attackers to other crows?Their communication is poorly understood.The intensity(强度),rhythm(节奏),and lasting time of crying seem to form the basis of a possible language.It turns out that crows can pass on anger to their children—even the little crows attacked masked scientists.
Another case about crows’great memory comes from Chatham,Ontario.Around half a million crows would stop in Chatham during their regular travel,putting the farming community’s crops in danger.Head of the town declared war(宣战)on crows and the hunt began.Since then,the crows have,when passing Chatham,flown high enough to avoid being shot.However,this didn’t stop them from leaving all over the town.
1. Why does Professor John Marzluff call a crow a flying monkey?A.Because it looks like a monkey | B.Because it is as friendly as a monkey |
C.Because it is as intelligent as a monkey | D.Because its brain is the same size as a monkey’s |
A.had caused some trouble to them | B.were in Marzluff’s team |
C.worked on scientific study | D.had done harm to their babies |
A.Crows never forget | B.Crows’communication |
C.Crows’brain development | D.Crows are smarter than we have imagined. |
【推荐3】Recent years have witnessed the growth of luxury(奢侈品) brands. It's clear that a new generation of young, materialistic people is increasingly relying on luxury brands to improve its self-image.
I am a fashionista too, at least in spirit —I love to look at clothes and shoes. But I don't understand why people spend lots of money on designer labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, that's a scary thing.
What's interesting is that scientists have found that having luxury things doesn't lead to happiness.
Study after study has shown that although we want material things, when we get them we don't suddenly become "happy" people. In fact, a series of studies have shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experiences get more pleasure than those on material things. That's because experiences are more easily integrated into a person's identity. If I travel to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me. Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue happiness through “things" are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.
It's natural to want to express yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isn't tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears in hoodies and sneakers. These people, successful people, have style.
You don't have to break the bank to send a message about who you are. Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.
1. What's the author's attitude towards luxury consumption?A.Favorable. | B.Negative. | C.Positive. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.Material things can't bring about joy. | B.Experiences sink into personality. |
C.It's better to invest in experiences. | D.Others' preference is of importance. |
A.To honor the two successes. | B.To advocate their experience. |
C.To support the author's argument. | D.To inspire young people's ambition. |
A.Do mind your financial security. | B.Do try to make more money. |
C.Don't rob a bank for luxuries. | D.Don't spend much on your image |