Last summer, bird-watchers confirmed the discovery of a new species of bird in Cambodia was not an event of particular biological significance, but it was striking for one reason in part. This species of bird was discovered not in an unspoiled rain forest but within the limits Cambodia’s capital, Phnom Penh – a city the size of Philadelphia.
What the researchers found was surprising in cities. The medium-sized city in the state about 110 species of birds, over 95 percent of which would have been growing there urbanization. Ecologically speaking, cities are different, concrete buildings. Rather, each unique bio-profile – a kind of ecological fingerprint – that is against the idea of an environment dead zone.
Of course, it’s also true that in the world of birds and plants, as in human society, there is such a thing as worldwide—the city-inhabitants who feel equally at home in San Francisco, Milan and Beijing. Four birds occur in more than 80 percent of the cities studied, and 11 plants occurred in more than 90 percent of the cities. On the plant side, those are seemingly spread by European settlement. In the air, it’s the usual suspects: the rock pigeon and many other birds. “They have become completely adapted to urban life,”Katti says. “That’s not much of surprise. But they don’t actually dominate as much as we think they do.” Those species—occurring in the cities across the globe—represent only a small part of a city’s natural varieties.
Not all cities are equal protectors of native animals and plants, though. One of the biggest predictors for a city’s biodiversity is its urban design. Territory as varied as backyards and street trees can lay important roles in greening a city. In fact, the amount of green space is a stronger predictor of the density of biodiversity than a city’s size. A metropolis with a sizable network of parks can contain more species per square mile than a much smaller city.
In a world where architecture, food, language, fashion and commerce are increasingly globalized, a city’s native animals and plants can be a kind of identity. There may be neighborhoods in London and Paris that resemble Singapore or Hong Kong. Cities are becoming similar, but their natural environments stand completely apart.
1. According to the passage, what do you think of Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s capital?A.It is full of various rare plants and animals. |
B.Its birds’ population is larger than that of San Francisco. |
C.It’s as big as Philadelphia in terms of area. |
D.It is on an equal footing with Beijing and Milan. |
A.From a biological point new changes happen every day. |
B.From an environmental point the daily changes aren’t obvious enough. |
C.Each city has different characteristics in terms of ecological development. |
D.Different species of creatures are born in different cities. |
A.natural selection | B.globalization |
C.urban development | D.colonization |
A.What Surprising Cities! The Medium-sized City Has Various Species of Birds! |
B.The Power of Plants and Animals! The Charm of All the Cities! |
C.The Cities Are Concrete Jungles! Never Think about Them the Same Way Again! |
D.More Species Per Square Mile! The Amount of Green Space Is a Stronger Predictor! |
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【推荐1】On a day in Arkansas, some fishermen saw a bear cub(幼兽)in a tree. As hours went by, its mother didn’t return. So they called wildlife biologist(生物学家) Eastridge.
The bear cub was sick and hungry, weighing only 5 pounds and with his eyes not completely open. Eastridge called Lisa Stewart, who works at Appalachian Bear Rescue in Tennessee. Stewart always makes room for a new cub.
She named the bear Miracle because she thought it was a miracle that he had survived! As soon as she could, she stopped having contact with the cub so he would not become too used to humans. When the cub arrived, Stewart cleaned his eyes and put him in a house alone. Since Miracle was already 5 months old. Stewart gave him bowls of food and another bowl of a special formula(配方奶粉), similar to a bear mother’s milk. Sometimes, Miracle would reach his head out of his house and take some formula or food. But he wasn’t eating too much.
Miracle was too weak to be with other bears. So Stewart gave him a toy bear named Buddy. He took it into his house and covered it with straw(稻草). He fed Buddy, too. Stewart often found the toy covered in formula and berries and its ears full of apple chunks. Now that Miracle had Buddy, he came out of his house more often and wanted to eat.
After two months, Stewart introduced Miracle to other bears so they could learn from one another. She avoided any direct contact with Miracle and the other bears. Stewart wanted to make sure they stayed afraid of humans so they could go back into the wild again. She always hid behind a fence(栅栏) and threw food over the top secretly. The bears hunted for this food as they would soon do in the wild.
Five months later, Rick Eastridge returned to pick up a healthy 90-pound Miracle and another bear from Arkansas named Rocky. Eastridge loaded the bears into boxes on his truck and transported them back to the wild. As soon as the bear boxes were opened, the two cubs ran for the woods─where they belonged.
1. What did Stewart do shortly after the cub arrived?A.She helped him eat food. |
B.She contacted with him. |
C.She settled him down. |
D.She named him Miracle. |
A.remind him not to waste his food |
B.kill his lonely time in his house. |
C.develop his skills of making friends |
D.rid Miracle of its fear of humans |
A.Because he could learn how to find food in the wild. |
B.Because he was too weak to be frightened by humans. |
C.Because a good relationship could be developed. |
D.Because she didn’t want to disturb his peaceful life. |
【推荐2】How to Travel a Long Distance With a Dog
Whether you are moving across the country or taking a road trip, traveling can be a stressful activity.
Make sure your dog has all of their vaccinations (疫苗).
Let your vet give your dog medicine for motion sickness (晕动症). If you’ve taken your dog on shorter car rides before, you may have noticed that it gets sick from the motion of the car. Ask your vet if it can help ease the dog’s stomach while in motion.
Pack up the necessary things for your dog in a bag that is easy to get. Every dog is different and needs different items.
A.Lay down a blanket to keep your dog comfortable. |
B.Give your dog a pill every few hours during a car ride. |
C.Traveling with your dog can even add more stress to your trip. |
D.So you should know how to manage your stress during the trip. |
E.Tire out your dog with a long walk before you start your journey. |
F.Make sure you have your dog’s food, some water and dishes in a bag. |
G.It is important to make your dog happy and healthy during their travels. |
【推荐3】Should We Create More National Parks to Save Endangered Animals?
Don’t you find it worrying that more and more species of animals are in real danger of becoming extinct?
In addition, national parks protect animals from the danger of being hunted. A major reason why many species are endangered is that the animals are killed by hunters. They hunt animals to make money.
On the other hand, some people fight against the creation of national parks because they consider it wrong to interfere with nature. They believe that wild animals are happier living in their natural environment.
All in all, though, these disadvantages are far less important than the benefits of national parks.
A.They say though the animals may face danger, they enjoy a free life. |
B.Firstly, national parks protect the animals1 natural environment. |
C.To begin with, animals are important to humans. |
D.I personally believe that we must save these animals. |
E.There is a heated discussion about whether to create more national parks. |
F.These parks allow animals to live in a safe environment. |
G.Some hunters even hunt animals simply for sport. |
【推荐1】All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year. Networks have been part of our life. Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. However, is this kind of public WiFi network safe?
Some networks are better protected than others because encryption (加密) methods are used. Therefore, they are safer than others. But a survey in 2015 showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dates, phone numbers, passwords and so on. These open WiFi networks are really not safe, because it is very easy for hackers (黑客) to break into the operating system and get people’s private information.
Most smartphones and laptops, by themselves, search and connect to WiFi networks. They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before Hackers’ devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks. When these smartphones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real, hackers can easily steal their private information.
So next time, when we want to use our laptops or our smartphones in public places which offer free WiFi networks, please think it twice or take safe measures before using them.
1. Why do people like to go log on to a public WiFi network?A.Because it can provide useful information. |
B.Because the owner of the network is polite |
C.Because it is free. |
D.Because it is safe. |
A.not all the public WiFi networks are safe |
B.none of the public WiFi networks is safe |
C.in 2015 more than 950million records were protected |
D.there is no way to protect our private information |
A.our birth dates | B.our passwords |
C.our phone numbers | D.our smartphones |
A.Don’t Use Public WiFi Networks |
B.Why the Public WiFi Networks a Possible Danger |
C.We needn’t Protect Our Private Information |
D.Why Hackers Break into the Operating System |
【推荐2】The COVID-19 pandemic has spread far and wide. Because of this, countries around the world have implemented containment measures(实施遏制措施) to help stop the virus in its tracks. As more and more people stay inside to stay safe, the outside world seems to have become much quieter. In fact, scientists have seen this change in their research, too.
Seismologists—scientists who study earthquakes— have heard less seismic noise recently. Seismic noise is made from vibrations in the ground that are caused by things like ocean waves and human activity, such as construction work and traffic. This noise makes it difficult for scientists to pick up seismic activity that is made at the same frequency.
Thomas Lecocq, a scientist at the Royal Observatory of Belgium, located in Brussels, was the first to notice this phenomenon.
According to Lecocq, the amount of seismic noise in Brussels has been reduced by about 30 to 50 percent since mid-March. Interestingly enough, this is around the same time Belgium started its containment measures.
Because of this reduction in background noise, scientists like Lecocq have been able to pick up on smaller earthquakes that some seismic stations—like the one in Brussels—wouldn’t have been able to before.
This phenomenon isn’t unique to Brussels, though. Once Lecocq shared his findings online, seismologists from all over the world echoed similar findings.
Celeste Labedz, a graduate student at the California Institute of Technology, mentioned in a tweet that Los Angeles also experienced less background noise.
Researchers from the UK, France and New Zealand also noted a decrease in background noise since containment measures were put in place.
These global efforts to contain the COVID-19 virus have helped to shed light on seismic activity that may have gone unnoticed. It also shows that people are listening to health officials and following lockdown guidelines.
“From the seismological point of view, we can motivate people to say, ‘You feel like you’re alone at home, but we can tell you that everyone is home. … Everyone is respecting the rules.’ Lecocq told CNN.
1. What did seismologists find out recently?A.More smaller earthquakes are likely to happen. |
B.The amount of seismic noise has been reduced. |
C.Seismic noise is caused by vibrations underground. |
D.Reduced seismic vibration makes Earth quieter. |
A.More data on smaller earthquakes is being collected. |
B.More seismic noise is being picked up. |
C.Scientists will shift their focus to smaller earthquakes. |
D.Future big earthquakes can be more accurately predicted. |
A.questioned | B.demanded | C.explored | D.repeated |
A.human activities cause more seismic noise than ocean waves. |
B.The drop in seismic noise is unique to Europe. |
C.The phenomenon proved that people are following the lockdown rules. |
D.Many seismologists wanted tighter restrictions for their research. |
【推荐3】Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn’t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution(解决): stay calm. Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name—calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn’t, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict (冲突) resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
1. This article is mainly about ________.A.the lives of school children |
B.the cause of arguments in schools |
C.how to analyze youth violence |
D.how to deal with school conflicts |
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime |
B.a small conflict can lead to violence |
C.students tend to lose their temper easily |
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight |
A.To find out who is to blame. |
B.To get ready to try new things. |
C.To make clear what the real issue is. |
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match. |
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence |
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom |
C.more teachers felt better about themselves in schools |
D.the teacher—student relationship greatly improved |