Imagine a relay race. During this race, an athlete holds a stick as he runs a certain distance. Then he passes the stick to the next runner. That person runs faster, and then passes the stick to a third runner. Now imagine that the runners do not pass a stick. Instead they pass shiny silk, as well as gold, fruit, and glass. Imagine that the race does not move forward in just one direction. Instead the runners go back and forth along a road. They trade goods all along this route (路线) and at each end of it. Now imagine that the runners are businessmen. They lead caravans (商队) or lines of camels that carry things to sell. They travel on the ancient Silk Road to earn their living.
The Silk Road was a complex trade network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It stretched from eastern China, across central Asia and the Middle east, to the Mediterranean Sea. Businessmen traveled on the Silk Road from about 200 B.C. to about 1300 A.D.. Then sea travel began to offer new routes. Some people called the Silk Road the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road included many routes--not just one smooth path. The routes ran through mountains and across deserts. They passed through an area that now includes 18 countries. The Silk Road had many dangers. These dangers ranged from hot sun and deep snow to thieves and wars. Only expert traders could survive.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized goods. People used silk as money. They could pay taxes or buy goods with it. Traders carried more than just silk, though. They had gold, silver, and glass from Europe. People in the Middle East and Asia wanted these things. Businessmen also took horses from flat, grassy areas in central Asia and brought them to China and other areas. The horses changed the way people farmed and ran their armies. Indian businessmen traded salt and rare, beautiful stones. Chinese merchants traded medicine and china. They also traded paper, which quickly replaced animal skins in the west. Businessmen carried apples from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to combine different trees to create new kinds of fruit. They taught this science to others, such as the Romans. The Romans began to grow apples for food. The Silk Road led to worldwide commerce 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share only goods. They also shared beliefs. Monks, priests, and other faith leaders taught their religions to others. The Silk Road created pathways for knowledge, diplomacy, and religion.
1. People turned to the sea for new routes after around 1300 A.D.because ________.A.the Silk Road included many routes |
B.the Silk Road passed through many areas |
C.people traveled on the Silk Road for too long |
D.there were more dangers along the Silk Road |
A.appropriate | B.preserved |
C.valuable | D.useful |
A.The Silk Road helped spread religions to more people. |
B.The Silk Road gave people the idea to build highways. |
C.Some people probably died while travelling. |
D.Westerners probably used to write on animal skins. |
A.Science. | B.Travel. |
C.Sports. | D.Culture. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Your mobile phone vibrates in your pocket. ‘Need to see you,’ reads the screen. Nothing new, considering that texting is currently the most common form of long-distance communication. But how were messages conveyed in the past?
One of the first methods was the smoke signal. This practice was used by Chinese soldiers guarding the Great Wall to warn of the enemy’s approach. The Greeks invented a whole alphabet of smoke signals for sending messages. But it was Native Americans who made the system mobile by carrying small bunches of dried grasses around with them. These could be lit quickly from any place at any time.
Moving on to messages transmitted by sound, an early technique was the drum. Drums are still used today in the rainforests of Africa, Papua New Guinea and Central and South America for broadcasting news. The instrument is made from a piece of wood, which is empty inside, and this is hit with a stick. On receiving the message, each village passes it on to the next, which means that news can travel at up to 150 km an hour.
In some parts of the world, humans are able to convey messages over long distances without using instruments. On La Gomera, one of the Canary Islands, people use Silbo, or the ‘whistling language’ to communicate across the valleys. The language involves the use of the tongue, lips and hands to make sounds, which can travel up to 5 km. To ensure its continuation, Silbo is currently a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools on the island.
A look at long-distance communication would not be complete without mentioning the art of yodelling. This is a form of singing, in which the voice changes sound levels very quickly, making it easily heard over long distances. It is believed that the technique was developed in the Swiss Alps, but it is also found in other places such as Central Africa. At one time, yodelling was popular in theatres and music halls, but this is no longer so.
1. What was most remarkable about the Greeks’ system of smoke signals?A.It could communicate words. |
B.It could be used instantly. |
C.It could mislead the enemy. |
D.It could stop wars from breaking out. |
A.The length of the message. |
B.The simplicity of the instrument. |
C.The speed of the transmission. |
D.The volume of the sound. |
A.Moving frequently between high and low notes. |
B.Singing a recognizable tune in harmony. |
C.Using music with a really strong beat. |
D.Shouting in a loud voice. |
A.Is That Strange? |
B.Get the Message? |
C.The Old Technology |
D.The History of Information |
【推荐2】Having existed for over a thousand years, Edinburgh Castle and its historic buildings date back to the11th century. Today let’s know some historical facts about it.
Edinburgh Castle became Scotland’s main royal castle in the Middle Ages, serving as headquarters of the sheriff (郡长) of Edinburgh. Army units were stationed there and the crown jewels (御宝) were stored there. It was King David I who in 1130 first built some of the impressive buildings we see today. The chapel, a small church specially built for his mother, Queen Margaret, still stands as the oldest building in Edinburgh.
The first to take control of the castle from the Scots was Edward I of England after a three-day siege (围困) in 1296. But then, after the king’s death in 1307, the English stronghold (堡垒) weakened and Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, usurped it in 1314. His attack was a surprise under the cover of darkness. Only thirty men climbed the north high areas and reached the castle. Twenty-one years later it was in the control of the English again, but only six years after that, Sir William Douglas, a Scottish royal member, claimed it back with a surprise attack by his men dressed as businessmen.
David’s Tower was built in 1367 by DavidⅡwho had returned to Scotland after 10 years’ imprisonment in England. It was built as part of there construction of the castle site after the destruction during the Wars of Independence. It was huge for a building of the time, three stories high and functioning as the entrance to the castle. It was, therefore, the barrier between the attack and defense of any battle.
The castle serves as a military station and is the site of the Scottish National War Memorial now. It is also host to the famous Edinburgh Military Tattoo. It is home to the Crown Jewels (the Honours of Scotland) and also the Stone of Destiny since its return to Scotland from Westminster in 1996.
1. What was King David I’s contribution to Edinburgh Castle?A.He built the first church near it. | B.He arranged for the army to stay there. |
C.He protected the castle for a long time. | D.He first set up admirable buildings there. |
A.Occupied. | B.Destroyed. | C.Discovered. | D.Constructed. |
A.It was the idea of Sir William Douglas. | B.It was an important place in battles. |
C.It was in honor of David Ⅱ’s return. | D.It was famous for its height. |
A.The unknown facts about the castle. | B.The castle’s main branches. |
C.The influence of the castle. | D.The castle’s modern role. |
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum (精神病院) for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave
goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
1. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.
A.came out before minor died |
B.was edited by an American volunteer |
C.was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary Murray |
D.included the English words invented by Murray |
A.He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. |
B.He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. |
C.He went to England to work with Murray. |
D.He provided a great number of words and quotations |
A.He lived far from Oxford |
B.He was shut in an asylum |
C.He was busy writing a book |
D.He disliked traveling |
A.They had a common interest in words |
B.They both served in the Civil War |
C.Minor recovered with the help of Murray |
D.Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor |
The Capital Museum
The Beijing Capital Museum is presenting a special monkey-themed exhibition that decodes the cultural roots of the monkey in traditional Chinese culture. The exhibit shows more than 40 antique collections, including paintings, calligraphy, stamps, and 12 classic Monkey King pictures based on the great Chinese novel, Journey to the West. The museum also prepared a series of cultural activities for children, such as making paper-cuts for window decoration and painting monkeys.
The National Museum of China
Pasting Spring Festival couplets too doors is a traditional custom in Chinese culture. An exhibition Calligraphy Art of Couplets for the Year of the Money is ongoing, with more than 30 calligraphers’ couplet pieces on display. A major exhibition, Treasures of Romania, showcasing Romania’s history from the pre-historical period to the end of the 18th century, is still underway.
National Art Museum of China
The 2016 New Year show, National Art Exhibition of the Great Unity of China is a visual feast that will last until March 7. The works reflect the reality that people of all nationalities in China unite as one and jointly construct a moderately prosperous society. The works also highlight their positive mental attitude and present their picturesque and colorful national customs.
Zhoukoudian Relies Museum
A Spring Festival folk custom culture exhibition will introduce traditional Spring Festival customs in detail. Visitors can enjoy nearly 100 precious exhibits from the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)and Minguo Era(1912-1949), including New Year paintings and musical instruments. Children can also take part in the treasure hunt games organized by the museum, watch 4D movies and experience the primitive way of hunting fishing and chipping stone tools in the science experience pavilion.
1. In which column of the newspaper may this article appear?
A.Travel | B.Business | C.Lifestyle | D.Culture |
A.The 40 antique collections in the Capital Museum are based on Journey to the West. |
B.All four museums provide exhibits of traditional Spring Festival customs |
C.Children can be involved in some activities about the primitive life in Zhoukoudian Relics Museum |
D.Visitors can appreciate exhibits of Minguo Era in National Art Museum of China |
A.The National Museum of China |
B.Zhoukoudian Relics Museum |
C.The Capital Museum |
D.National Art Museum of China |
【推荐2】The Torch Festival (火把节) is a traditional festival which is celebrated among some ethnic groups in southwestern China, such as the Yi, Bai, Hani, Lisu, and Lahu, etc. It usually falls on the 24th or 25th of June, with three days of celebrations. The festival came from worship (崇拜) of fire by ancestors ( 祖 先 ). For some ethnic groups, it’s a tradition in the festival for elders to share farming experience with young people and educate them about taking care of crops.
During the festival, big torches are made to stand in all villages, with small torches placed in front of the door of each house. When night falls, the torches are lit and the villages are bright. At the same time, people walk around the fields and houses, holding small torches and placing the torches in the field corners. Inside the villages, young people are singing and dancing around the big torches that keep burning throughout the night. Other activities like horse races are also held during the festival.
In a horse race of the Yi people in Yunnan, torches are used to form hurdles for riders to get through. The Hani people in Yunnan traditionally tie fruits to torches with strings. When the strings are broken after the torches are lit, people struggle for the fruits for good luck.
For the Lisu people in Sichuan, the festival is an occasion for holding torch parades. Big torches are carried by teams of people, which is like a fire dragon. If different teams meet, it’s a tradition to exchange the big torches with one another.
1. What can we know about the Torch Festival from the first paragraph?A.It is a festival to show worship of fire. | B.Its celebrations usually last two days. |
C.It is a traditional festival of all China. | D.It has nothing to do with farming. |
A.Why the festival is enjoyed. | B.How the festival is celebrated. |
C.What torches are used for the festival. | D.Where the festival is celebrated. |
A.Small torches are put in front of the door. |
B.Big torches are burnt all day and all night. |
C.Yi people use torches to form hurdles to get through. |
D.Young people like singing and dancing around the big torches. |
A.Struggling for fruits for good luck. | B.Tying fruits to torches with strings. |
C.Holding torch parades. | D.Using torches as hurdles for a horse race. |
【推荐3】Chinese public security authorities have ensured safe and smooth trips for travelers during the three-day Mid-Autumn Festival holiday that ended on September 21.
The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, fell on September 21 this year. It is usually marked by family reunions, enjoying sights of the full moon, and eating mooncakes.
A sound traffic environment was created for people to go home for family reunions or visit tourist attractions, with no large congestion or major road accidents taking place, according to the Ministry of Public Security (MPS).
An average of 155,000 officers were dispatched every day and 54,000 police vehicles mobilized to patrol, maintain traffic order and crack down on serious violations such as overloading and drunk driving, the MPS said.
The holiday saw about 88.16 million domestic trips, which generated a revenue of more than 37 billion yuan (5.7 billion U.S. dollars), according to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
Social order remained stable during the holiday, said the MPS, adding that more than 3,800 scenic spots rated 4A-level and above across the country received 24.6 million tourists in order.
Confronted with the double pressure from epidemic prevention and ensuring social security during the holiday, Chinese public security authorities ramped up security precautions in key areas and public venues.
A total of 175 large-scale events were held safely, and the reported number of criminal and public security cases declined by nearly 30 percent and 23 percent year on year, respectively, said the MPS.
Immigration watchdogs also tightened epidemic prevention and control efforts at ports and border areas to effectively guard against possible imported COVID-19 cases during the holiday.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is generally regarded as one of the most important traditional festivals in China and falls on the 15th day of the eighth month on the Chinese lunar calendar.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.More officers and police vehicles than ever were assigned on duty. |
B.Security precautions in key areas and public venues were increased. |
C.Immigration watchdogs were dispatched to stop any imported COVID-19 cases. |
D.Large-scale events were not allowed to be held. |
A.Family reunions |
B.abnormal weather |
C.a sound traffic environment |
D.increasing COVID-19 cases |
A.Disappointed | B.Critical | C.Matter-of-fact | D.Regret |
【推荐1】For the first time in its history, the International Olympic Committee has allowed a team of refugees to compete at the Games. All of the team’s members were forced to leave their home countries. Now they’ve come together to compete under the Olympic flag instead.
Making it to the Olympics is something eighteen-year-old swimmer Yusra has always dreamed of. But just last year, she was swimming for her life. She and her sister were forced to leave their home in Syria because of the war there. They were trying to get to Greece in a rubber dinghy (橡皮艇) with eighteen other refugees, when their boat broke down and began filling with water. Most of the people on board couldn’t swim, so she and her sister jumped in to help push it to shore.
Three hours later, they made it to safety, and eventually to Germany as refugees. Refugees are people who have left their home country because their lives are threatened by war, bad treatment or violence---often because of their race, gender or beliefs. Around the world, more than 60 million people are in this situation. And some of them, like Yusra, are elite athletes who have trained all their lives to compete at the highest level, only to have that chance taken away.
Now, a team of ten, including swimmers, runners, and judokas from Syria, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Congo have been given the chance to compete at the Games under the Olympic flag. They’ve also been given their own coaches, officials, uniforms and a chef, all paid for by the IOC. And in the past few months they’ve been training hard. The IOC says it wants the team to inspire and give hope to other refugees, and draw attention to the issues millions of other around the world are facing. And these guys say they are up to the task whether they win gold or not.
“These refugee athletes will show the world that despite the unimaginable tragedies that they have faced, anyone can contribute to society through their talent, skills and strength of the human spirit,” the statement continues.
1. What does the underlined sentence mean?A.She trained all her life. |
B.She swam for the glory of life. |
C.She swam to escape being drowned. |
D.She swam to escape from other refugees. |
A.Syria | B.Germany | C.Congo | D.Ethiopia |
A.Race | B.Violence | C.Religion | D.Nationality |
A.help the refugees to fulfill their dreams of winning the Olympic gold medal. |
B.offer the refugees a chance to earn bread by themselves. |
C.light a candle of hope for all the refugees in the world. |
D.curse the darkness of the society by forcing them to pay attention to the life of refugees. |
【推荐2】In the past 70 years, physical activity in America has transformed from a necessity of daily life into an often-expensive leisure(闲暇)activity, and has reformed itself as the basis of people's social position."In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed — it had to develop-because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks," Shelly McKenzie, the author of Getting Physical: The Rise of Fitness Culture in America, told me.
With new middle-class needs coming into new marketing, Jack LaLanne!s instructional exercise TV show introduced much of the country to the active pursuit of physical fitness in 1951, paving the way for workout tapes from fitness superstars such as Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda.In the 1970s, exercise began to leave the home, both through the popularization of jogging and weightlifting and in more organized ways, such as Jazzercise classes.
No matter how they package it, these businesses aren't just selling physical activity; they're providing people with a way to stick to expectations that the industry itself helped set."Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue," Marc Stern wrote in 2008," In return for the effort, gym-goers attain(获得)the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them.”
That these physical standards are difficult to achieve is the point."We live in a culture in which being diligent is highly, highly praised," Petrzela, the New School professor, who is working on a book about fitness's place in American culture, told me.
“Many people want to be regarded as people who value exercise, because it shows they're committed to(致力于)self-improvement, and to hard work."Above and beyond movement itself, part of the satisfaction of gym-going comes from performing those values around other people who share them, and from achieving what that community regards as success.
1. Why did exercise develop in the 1950s and 1960s?A.Because exercise was a necessity of daily life. |
B.Because people realized the importance of body health. |
C.Because exercise was an often-expensive leisure activity. |
D.Because people regarded exercise as the foundation of people's social position. |
A.To keep healthy. | B.To gain good body shape. |
C.To show their good character. | D.To prove their social position. |
A.Seeing some superstars in the gym. |
B.The same values around other people. |
C.Achieving success defined by that group of people. |
D.Being regarded as people who're committed to self-improvement. |
A.How to keep healthy. |
B.Why American people want to gain virtue. |
C.Why physical activity developed in America. |
D.How physical activity developed in America. |
【推荐3】When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
1. What does the underlined word “correspondence” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Messages. | B.Ideas. | C.Connections. | D.Programs. |
A.Companies rely on e-mail for communications. |
B.More people in the world communicate by e-mail. |
C.Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail. |
D.More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam. |
A.The business. | B.The advertiser. | C.The employee. | D.The consumer. |
A.To inform. | B.To educate. | C.To persuade. | D.To instruct. |