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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:357 题号:8563720

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014. The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from l2th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm. James Bentham, a co-author of the research says the global trend is likely but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

"One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Professor Alexander. The nutritional and health problems that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.

Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."

1. What can be learned from Paragraph I?
A.The increase in women’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century.
B.The last century has seen a great increase in people’s height in most countries.
C.Genetics plays a key role in the increase of people’s height in the last century.
D.Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and second in height in the world nowadays.
2. The underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by .
A.slowed down.B.gone upwards.C.changed to the contrary.D.come to life again.
3. According to the text,James Bentham suggests that .
A.The economic situation of some countries should be improved.
B.Environment protection should be attached great importance to.
C.The global trend of increasing height should be closely watched.
D.Children’s proper nutrition and healthcare should be guaranteed.

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【推荐1】I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans.” I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.

My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.

In China, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.

With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the “thousand talent scheme.” this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.

At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.

1. Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?
A.Because there is one group presenting a catering service.
B.Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.
C.Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.
D.Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.
2. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?
A.Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.
B.Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.
C.Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.
D.Case study debates were written up as well as recited.
3. We can infer form the passage that ________.
A.China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.
B.high pay may not solve the problem of China's research environment.
C.cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.
D.the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.
4. Which is the best title for the passage?
A.Look for a new way of learningB.Reward creative thinking
C.How to become a creatorD.Establish a technical environment
2021-09-28更新 | 118次组卷
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【推荐2】This vacation has been an amazing one, a vacation spent in exploring beautiful regions and islands. I spent an incredible vacation recharging, and I'm ready to give the remaining of the year my all! So no, I don't have post-vacation blues, but it seems like everyone else does.

All I see is people posting on social media about how unhappy they are to be coming back to their everyday life. Going back to their “routines" makes them sad.

But we need to analyze this a bit more. Sure, who doesn't like vacations? But the whole concept that “vacations are great" and “regular life sucks" is so bad! Because if you don't like your regular life, it means that you're spending 70% of your life doing something you don't like, and the remaining trying to recharge to face that 70% of your life. It's not sustainable.

When I went on the press trip to Ischia, I met so many food and travel bloggers, but guess what, they are all either in university or working full time jobs! They found the time to create something they are enthusiastic about! It's never too late to change that routine you so desperately want to get rid of. Sure, it takes a bit of investment initially, but when you come home after doing something you love, I assure you, it won't even feel like you've overworked!

Don't get me wrong, swimming in clear waters is better than sitting in an office. But what if you were working towards something bigger? A project? Something creative? Wouldn't you feel more motivated to get back and work on it? Post-vacation blues are normal, but let's not make vacations the only thing we're looking forward to in life! Your everyday life can be amazing too. You just have to take a few steps towards making it so. The first thing to do is to overcome the blues.

1. How does the author feel after his vacation?
A.Energetic.B.Depressed.C.Exhausted.D.Unhappy.
2. How does the author discuss most people's post-vacation life?
A.By questioning.B.By giving examples.
C.By analyzing.D.By presenting statistics.
3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.The enthusiasm of life.B.The change of the routine.
C.The necessity of creativity.D.The importance of doing favorites.
4. What will the author most probably tell us next?
A.How to work towards bigger project.B.How to conquer post-vacation blues.
C.What we should do to feel motivated.D.Why we should stick to what we love.
2021-01-25更新 | 106次组卷
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项新的研究表明,通过提高女性作为科学家的身份,科学角色扮演可能有助于缩小女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)教育和职业方面的性别差距。

【推荐3】A new study suggests that science role-playing may help tighten the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math(STEM)education and careers for women simply by improving their identity as scientists.

Frustrated by the gender gap in STEM, in which some fields employ at least three times more men than women, Cornell graduate student Reut Shachnai wanted to do something about it. Reut said the idea to help foster young girls’ interest in science came to her during a lecture in a class she was taking on Psychology of Imagination.

Reut designed an experiment to test if assuming the role of a successful scientist would improve girls’ persistence in a “sink or float” science game. The game itself was simple yet challenging: a computer screen projected a slide with an object in the center above a pool of water. Kids then had to predict whether the object would sink or float.

She studied 240 four -to -seven -year -olds, because this is around the time kids first develop their sense of identity and capabilities. They were divided into two groups. Children in the “story” group learned about the successes and struggles of a gender -matched scientist before playing the game. Boys heard about Isaac Newton and girls were told about Marie Curie. Children in the “pretend” group were told to assume the identity of the scientist they just learned about.

All kids played at least one round of the game. No matter what group they were in, girls got the answers right just as often as boys -nearly 70% of the time. Boys, however, didn’t really benefit from the stories or make-believe. Besides, girls pretending to be Dr. Marie persisted twice as long at the sink-or-float game, playing just as much as the boys did.

Reut’s teacher Tamar Kushnir said, “Rather than merely hearing about role models, children may benefit from actively performing the type of actions they see role models perform. In other words, taking a few steps in the role model’s shoes, instead of merely observing her walk.”

1. Why did Reut design a “sink or float” science game?
A.To handle the gender gap in STEM.B.To attach importance to STEM.
C.To draw kids’ attention to STEM.D.To compare boys’ and girls’ persistence.
2. What can we infer from the sink-or-float game?
A.Kids enjoyed listening to scientists’ stories.B.Boys avoided playing make-believe games.
C.Girls performed as well as boys in science.D.Children followed Dr. Marie to explore science.
3. What is Tamar Kushnir’s attitude towards kids’ assuming identity as scientists?
A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Negative.
4. What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Girls should get recognition like boysB.A fine example has boundless power for kids
C.Girls can work on more science gamesD.Make-believe exercises benefit girls in STEM
2023-11-14更新 | 117次组卷
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