The Philippines, a tropical island nation in the Pacific, will now require by law all graduating students from elementary school to college plant 10 trees each before they can graduate.
The law was supported in the House and is now sent to the Philippines Senate for action, Supporters of the law see this as an opportunity for the Filipino youth to help deal with climate change and air pollution and build a greener environment for their generation.
“To this end, the educational system shall be a centre of spreading continuous use of natural resources among the young to make them socially-responsible citizens, The House bill stated, which was authored by representative Gary Alejano.
Alejano estimates that over the course of one generation the bill will be responsible for 525 billion trees planted.This comes from over 12 million students graduating from elementary school each year, 5 million from high school and 500,000 from college, equaling 175 million new trees planted each year.
The Philippines consists of 7,641 islands in Southeast Asia.Across those islands,deforestation has been a primary environmental issue.Agriculture has led to a significant drop in forested areas across the Philippines. Through the 20th century, forested area in the Philippines decreased from 70 percent to 20 percent.It is estimated that 24.2 million acres of forests were cut down from 1934 to 1988, primarily from logging.
The performance of this new law could set off a situation, by which the Philippines switches from net loss to net gain of trees, a simple and powerful message to the Filipino youth with the potential for long term positive influence.
1. Why does the Philippines make the law to plant trees?| A．To create a better environment to live in. |
| B．To show the government is taking action. |
| C．To make sure students can graduate easily. |
| D．To raise people's awareness of education. |
| A．Natural resources. | B．The future generation |
| C．Powerful messages. | D．The educational system. |
| A．5 million. | B．50 million. |
| C．120 million. | D．175 million. |
| A．A.loss of soil. | B．Agriculture. |
| C．Climate change. | D．Air pollution. |
相似题推荐
Northwest China’s Gansu province will cooperate with Saudi Arabia on afforestation missions and help it combat desertification, according to the provincial foreign affairs office.
Competent scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises in Gansu will participate in Saudi Arabia’s "Green Middle East "international cooperation, the office said. They will spread China’s green development concept and promote the Belt and Road Initiative.
In May, Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture held the first International Green Technology Forum and Exhibition in Riyadh. Scientists from Northwest China shared techniques to prevent desertification, manage water resources and restore vegetation.
At the forum, the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences highlighted China’s experience and achievements in sand control.
Qu Jianjun and Liu Benli, researchers from the institute, explained how wind speed and air density changed on a plateau and why conventional sand control measures — adopted in landlocked areas — did not work in coastal regions.
According to the presentation made by the researchers, sand can pose a serious threat in coastal areas, "given the complex interaction between wind and waves". Sandstorms can quickly damage buildings and other civilian structures, it said.
Members of the team shared their experiences in wide application of the straw checkerboard technique to prevent sand dunes from being buffeted by strong winds.
The technique uses dried stems of wheat, reeds and other plants to form a checkerboard design. Half of each stem is buried and the other half lies exposed. This straw grid acts as a windbreak.
However, these wind barriers become weak over time, so alternative materials such as clay, nylon, fibers and metals are being experimented with, the researchers said.
The environment institute is among the earliest centers in China to combat desertification. In 1988, its sand control measures on the edge of the Tengger Desert at Shapotou in Zhongwei, Ningxia Hui autonomous region, won the National Science and Technology Progress Award.
The straw checkerboard method was used to prevent sand from burying railway tracks between Baotou, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and Lanzhou, Gansu.
1. cooperate with2. combat desertification
3. highlighted China’s experience and achievements
4. pose a serious threat
5. in wide application
6. being buffeted
7. lies exposed
【推荐2】No rainforest is exactly the same—yet most rainforests are now in the small land area 23.26 degrees north and 23.26 degrees south of the Equator (赤道), between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. You can find tropical (热带的) rainforests in South America and Indonesia. Other rainforests grow well further from the Equator, in Thailand and Sri Lanka.
Despite covering a relatively small area, rainforests have a big role to play in supporting the world. Tropical rainforests are home to a rich variety of plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain? Four hundred and eighty varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing huge quantities of CO2 and producing a large amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate (故意的) way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects such as caterpillars.
To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled (缠结的) leaves and bushes, as in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where leaves are destroyed slowly and turned into food for the trees and other forest life.
Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at an alarming rate, thanks to deforestation, river pollution and soil erosion (流失) as land is being lost for agriculture and trees are cut down for wood. A few thousand years ago, tropical rainforests covered as much as 12 per cent of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 7 per cent.
We can only hope that the world governments work together to preserve the rainforests—beautiful and important for our existence.
1. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?| A．The area and history of rainforests. |
| B．The future development of rainforests. |
| C．Rainforests are the lungs of the planet. |
| D．Rainforests are home to animals and plants. |
| A．The leaves of two trees never touch each other. |
| B．There are few leaf-eating insects in the rainforests. |
| C．The leaves and branches of trees are close together. |
| D．The rich soil of the rainforests helps trees grow. |
| A．Rainforests cover a relatively large area. |
| B．Rainforests are under proper protection now. |
| C．Rainforests are the same as described in films. |
| D．Rainforests cover less than 7 per cent of the land surface now. |
| A．Uncared. | B．Angry. | C．Concerned. | D．Acceptable. |
【推荐3】Kjell Inge Roekke is a billionaire owner of an oil company from Norway. As a young man, he was a high school dropout who moved to the US to become an ordinary fisherman. Now he is the tenth-richest man in his country. Worth two billion dollars, he plans to give much of his money away and is starting with cleaning up our oceans. In the Pacific Ocean, there is an island called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which is twice the size of the continental United States. It consists of nothing but small pieces of plastic and the dead bodies of sea life and birds. The billionaire is buying a state-of-the-art ship. With the latest equipment on board, the ship will remove five tons of plastic from our oceans daily.
Kjell started his business empire building industrial fishing boats. He believes he owes his fortune to the ocean and wants to pay the debt back. “I want to give back to society the majority of what I’ve earned. This ship is a part of it.” said the seagoing man. Managed by the conservation organization WWF, the ship’s mission is to get the poisonous things out of the oceans.
It couldn’t come at a better time. Earlier this year a killer whale washed up on a UK shore was poisoned by man-made chemicals. The whale called Lulu was the most poisoned on record. It was 20 years old and had never reproduced because her body had been badly damaged.
Kjell has given WWF complete control of the boat. The conservation organization is not comfortable with the practices of the Norwegian’s oil business. Yet in the struggle to save the environment, unlikely partners must work together. Without the world’s oceans, life on Earth wouldn’t exist.
1. What has Kjell decided to do?| A．Make our oceans clean again. |
| B．Put an end to his oil business. |
| C．Stop using plastics in his daily life. |
| D．Remove the rubbish with his own hands. |
| A．Beautiful. | B．Advanced. | C．Expensive. | D．Comfortable. |
| A．To ask people to help the creature. |
| B．To invite people to join in the effort. |
| C．To stress the consequence of the pollution. |
| D．To draw attention to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. |
| A．Ocean pollution calls for combined action. |
| B．It is comfortable to work with a billionaire. |
| C．His business is friendly to the environment. |
| D．He has given up control of his newly bought ship. |
【推荐1】Pengci (碰瓷) has been a disgusting matter for a long time. When driving on a road, if you see an old man or woman walking by the road, you may be afraid that he or she will hit your car on purpose, and then ask you for much money. Even worse, it has been reported that a pupil saw an old woman fall onto the ground, so he walked over to help her. But she grabbed him and said she was pushed down by him. Then she tried to extort much money from the pupil’s parents.
What a shame! How to deal with it? Our authorities have taken aim at pengci.
On October 14, three top judicial (司法的) organs issued a guideline to clarify the application of the law in extortion cases involving deliberately fabricated (捏造的) accidents or similar happenings. The guideline was issued by the Ministry of Public Security, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. For the first time, authorities have defined the pengci trick, in which people pretend they have been harmed by another party and then ask that party for money or property as compensation.
The guideline stipulates (规定) punishment for the two main types of pengci-fraud and extortion. Criminals who intentionally or negligently cause harm to others while carrying out pengci tricks may be charged with the crimes of intentional homicide, intentional injury, negligently (疏忽地) causing others’ death or causing serious injury to others, the guideline said.
The guideline also stipulates that whoever deliberately causes a traffic accident and blackmails the victim, which meets the relating provisions (条款) of the Criminal Law, shall be punished as the crime of extortion by blackmail.
According to this guideline, we can avoid being extorted by ill persons and warm-hearted persons can help those who really need help.
1. What does the underlined word“extort”in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Threaten to get something illegally. | B．Earn something by working. |
| C．Ask somebody for something. | D．Give something for free |
| A．To protect old men and women. |
| B．To punish criminals seriously. |
| C．To help students do good deeds. |
| D．To clarify the application of the law in extortion cases. |
| A．All the criminals referred to in this passage shall be charged. |
| B．The guideline stipulates one who causes a traffic accident by chance shall be punished. |
| C．Those who play pengci tricks usually pretend to have been harmed. |
| D．If a man plays pengci tricks, he may be very poor. |
| A．Help cautiously when necessary. | B．Help without hesitation. |
| C．Look on nearby. | D．Call the police quickly. |
【推荐2】China's ban on the domestic sale and processing of ivory(象牙) and its products took effect on Sunday, at the very beginning of 2018, making good on a commitment Chinese authorities made last year.
The move, which effectively closes one of the world's largest ivory markets, has been supported by conservationists as a crucial step toward combating elephant poaching."This ban alone won't end the poaching of elephants," Ginette Hemley,senior vice-president of the World Wildlife Fund, said in a statement. "It's equally critical that China's neighbors follow suit and shut down ivory markets across Asia. Only then can we ensure the open trade doesn't simply shift to other countries for newly-poached ivory."
China's ban on the domestic ivory trade follows a similar measure adopted in the U.S. in 2016, when the Fish and Wildlife Service set a ban to reduce the movement of ivory within U.S. borders. Both the U.S. and China had been negotiating on their proposed ivory regulations since 2015.
An international ban on the commercial ivory trade was established in 1990 — but that rule hasn't exactly achieved all its aims."Wildlife experts had thought that the international ban on ivory trade would slow or even stop the killing of elephants for their tusks. However, the killing got worse. That's mostly because the ban didn't cover older ivory," Joyce, a journalist, reported, noting that ivory taken from elephants before the ban was still legal to trade. "So people are still killing elephants but passing off their ivory as old."That has had disastrous effects for elephants. Over the span from 2007 to 2014, for instance, there was a decline of roughly 144,000 animals in seven years.
Still, there have been some signs of hope for the campaign against elephant poaching: Prices for the animals' tusks in China had dropped from $2,100 per kilogram in 2014 to just $730 per kilogram in March 2017. And this, at least, is offering conservationists reason for cautious optimism — assuming the China’s ban is enforced effectively.
1. What did Ginette Hemley mean?| A．The poaching of elephants will never be banned. |
| B．China should put a more effective ban on ivory trade. |
| C．Other countries in Asia should ban ivory trade. |
| D．China’s neighbors will threaten China’s ivory market. |
| A．More old elephants were killed. |
| B．More ivory was sold as old ivory. |
| C．The number of elephants increased |
| D．People pulled off old elephants’ ivory. |
| A．The China’s ban will close the world largest ivory markets. |
| B．The measure in the U.S reduced ivory trade in China. |
| C．Prices for ivory have dropped about 65% in the last three years. |
| D．China is offering hope for the future of elephants. |
| A．It’s disappointing. |
| B．It’s promising. |
| C．It’s demanding. |
| D．It’s history-making. |
【推荐3】The act of social distancing has become an effective protective measure against the novel coronavirus and a part of everyday life across the world. Many countries have launched different social distancing measures. Some are strict while others are creative. Let’s take a look at three special quarantine (隔离) measures around the world.
Panama
With more than 3,000 confirmed cases by April 12, Panama has announced strict quarantine measures. One of them is to separate people by gender to go out.
Starting in April, males in the country are required to leave home on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday while females can go out on Monday, Wednesday and Friday every week. No one is allowed to go out on Sundays. To further prevent the spread of COVID-19, citizens are able to leave their homes for only two hours at a time. But according to the Guardian, the restriction measures do not apply to civil servants or her important staff who are battling against the novel coronavirus on the frontline.
Colombia
ID numbers are unique identification tools for individuals, but they may also be used to decide when people can go out in Colombia during the novel coronavirus epidemic. According to the BBC, people in some Colombian towns are allowed to be outside based on the last digit (数字) of their national ID number. For example, in northwest-central Colombia, Barrancabermeja, people with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven are allowed to leave the house on Monday, while those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight can go outside on Tuesday.
France
Though outdoor exercise is a good way to keep healthy, it can sometimes cause too many people to gather in one place. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, Paris has forbidden all outdoor exercise between 10 am and 7 pm. Outside of this time span, people are allowed to exercise individually as long as it’s for less than an hour and within one kilometer of their home. If people break the rule, they will face fines of between €135 ( about 1,040 yuan) and €375.
1. What can we learn about Panama’s social distancing measures?| A．All citizens should follow the rules of going out by gender. |
| B．Ordinary citizens can stay outside for at most two hours at a time. |
| C．Civil servants are allowed to go out every day except on Sundays. |
| D．None can go out for dinner, starting in April. |
| A．Females. |
| B．Males. |
| C．Those with an ID number ending in one, five or eight. |
| D．Those with an ID number ending in zero, four or seven. |
| A．Cycling around one’s home at 6 pm. | B．Playing badminton in front of one’s house at noon. |
| C．Playing basketball with friends at 9 pm. | D．Jogging alone near one’s home from 8 am to 8:30 am. |
【推荐1】Halloween is a festival celebrated on October 31st. The name of the holiday means "hallowed" or "holy evening" because it happens the day before All Saints Day. It is said that Halloween is the children's New Year's Eve. They dress up with special costumes (服装), they eat too much, and they stay up too late celebrating.
Children go around the neighborhood wearing make-up, and dress in masks and colorful costumes. The most common costumes are witches, ghosts, skeletons (骷髅), and popular TV, movie and storybook characters. Some costumes are homemade; others are bought in stores. The children go from door to door saying "trick or treat". People give them candy, cookies, fruit or money. Sometimes money is collected to help UNICEF, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund.
Homes, stores, and classrooms are decorated in the traditional Halloween colors, orange and black. Usual decorations are witches, ghosts, skeletons, and Jack-o'-lanterns, Jack-o'-lanterns are pumpkins that are carved (雕刻) to look like faces. They are placed on doorway entrances and in windows. Horror movies and ghost stories are shown on TV on this day.
Adults and older children also celebrate Halloween with parades, festivals, and costume parties. Some people create their costumes; other people rent them. Contests are held, where the best costume receives a prize. One of the party events popular with children is dunking (浸泡) for apples. Apples are put in tubs filled with water. People try to get the apples using only their mouths; hands cannot be used.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the common costumes according to the text?| A．They are colorful. |
| B．Some of the costumes are homemade. |
| C．All of the costumes are bought in stores. |
| D．They are witches, ghosts, skeletons, popular TV characters and so on. |
| A．Horror movies are shown on TV on October 31st. |
| B．Apples are the favorite fruit people eat on Halloween. |
| C．Adults also celebrate Halloween together with children. |
| D．Jack-o'-lanterns are pumpkins that are carved to look like faces. |
| A．Because Halloween comes the day before All Saints Day. |
| B．Because children can get money from their parents on Halloween. |
| C．Because only on that day can children go around the neighborhood. |
| D．Because children dress up with special costumes, eat a lot, and stay up late celebrating. |
| A．Orange and black. | B．Red and green. |
| C．Black and white. | D．Orange and brown. |
【推荐2】Schoolchildren spend most of their time surrounded by their peers (同龄人). They spend a lot more time with classmates, teammates and fellow club members than with adults in their lives. Peer pressure can have a huge influence on the lives of children in grades two through twelve.
From birth through age six, the family shapes a child’s sense of identity (个性). Parents and brothers and sisters affect (影响) a child’s likes, dislikes, tastes in clothing, food and music and, perhaps most importantly, values. Once children enter school, they form connections to the larger group of their peers. This group brings new ideas and experiences. Peer pressure happens when a student’s actions are influenced by this group. The “pressure” happens when peers suggest or demand actions different from the child’s normal behavior and values.
Peer pressure leads to some disturbing negative (消极的) behavior in schoolchildren. In the USA, about 75% of high school students have tried alcohol (酒) offered by their friends in middle or high school. According to a survey, students felt pressured by their peers between 35 and 49% of the time. The power of peer pressure can result from a schoolchild’s growing desire to fit into a group.
Thankfully, peer pressure can also be positive (积极的). For example, wanting to join an athletic group of friends may force a student who has been sitting for a long time to try out for the soccer team. In a survey on peer pressure, 51% of teenagers felt that peer pressure was sometimes positive. One teenager responded, “Sometimes it can help you gain confidence.” Other examples of positive peer pressure include students encouraging a classmate to run for school president, or friends suggesting that that a talented peer try out for a talent show.
1. What leads to schoolchildren’s peer pressure?| A．The identity shaped by their family. | B．The connections with their classmates. |
| C．The childhood experiences with their friends. | D．The differences in their behavior and values. |
| A．To kill their boring time. | B．To fit into a peer group. |
| C．To help gain confidence | D．To improve social skills. |
| A．Peer pressure does more harm than good |
| B．Peer pressure is very good for schoolchildren’s growth. |
| C．Peer pressure is not necessarily bad for schoolchildren. |
| D．Peer pressure plays an important role in shaping a child’s values. |
| A．Why schoolchildren turn out the way they do | B．Ways to help schoolchildren deal with peer pressure |
| C．Peer pressure highly influences schoolchildren | D．How to improve schoolchildren’s behavior and values |
【推荐3】Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin's School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor（电容器）, could be of great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
"All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions（离子）, found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of "liquid salt", and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid-a simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when it's charged.
“The simplicity of this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method, our research found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’（渗漏）and begin to diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.
1. What can the new method be used to do in the future?| A．Settle the problem of storing energy. | B．Find materials used as energy. |
| C．Help to choose smart phones. | D．Research energy sources of the future. |
| A．Thinking up a quick and easy test. | B．Figuring out the storing ability. |
| C．Choosing the best ionic liquid. | D．Recharging a battery instantly. |
| A．Charge. | B．Decrease. | C．Expand. | D．Develop. |
| A．Selecting ionic liquid is important in capacitor |
| B．Research has found a simple and affordable battery |
| C．Types of ionic liquid best suited for use in capacitor |
| D．An easy and cheap way to seek perfect ionic liquid for capacitor |
【推荐1】When I was 12 years old, I already knew that my teen years were going to be the worst years of my life. I was a total outsider and bullied (欺凌) at school. I felt completely alone in my small town.
But by starting to do volunteer work when I was 14, I turned my problem into a passion for helping others. The opportunity to practice kindness made me feel like my life had a greater purpose. The more positive energy I shared, the more kindness and appreciation I received. I realized that my purpose in life would be to reach out to people, specifically teenagers, and help them feel less alone.
Books were my true friends back then. I was so thankful that the authors wrote those books. The kindness they offered me with their books saved my life. One of my biggest dreams was to become an author so I could write books that would help other teenagers the way those books helped me.
After surviving terrible experiences at school and at home, I made a choice to take the optimistic, positive road in the next steps of my journey. My dream career, one I thought was only possible for the authors I loved, is what I am doing now. I have been a full-time author of teen novels since 2007 and am grateful for this amazing opportunity to reach out to readers every single day.
Kindness saved me when I needed help the most. Even small acts of kindness can change someone’s life. You never know what someone else is going through. But by practicing daily kindness, you become an architect of positive change.
1. What happened to the author when he was 12 years old?| A．He took part in volunteer work. | B．He dropped out of school. |
| C．He became a full-time writer. | D．He suffered school bullying. |
| A．It made him popular in his town. |
| B．It helped him make more friends. |
| C．It helped him understand the meaning of life. |
| D．It helped to shape his dream career. |
| A．He was inspired by other teenagers. |
| B．He wanted to make a positive difference to the lives of teenagers. |
| C．He wanted to become famous. |
| D．He found he had a talent for writing. |
| A．Say “no” to bullies bravely | B．My love for books |
| C．The power of kindness | D．My dream for writing |
【推荐2】Tom was a clever boy, but his parents were poor, so he had to work in his spare time and during his holidays to pay for his education. In spite of this, he managed to get to the university, but it was so expensive to study there that during the holiday he found it necessary to get two jobs at the same time so as to make enough money to pay for his studies.
One summer he managed to get a job in a butcher’s shop(肉店)during the day-time, and another in a hospital at night. In the shop, he learnt to cut meat quite nicely, so the butcher often left him to do all the serving while he went to the back room to do the accounts(账目). In the hospital, on the other hand, he was, of course, allowed to do the simplest jobs, like helping to lift people and to carry them from one part of the hospital to another. Both at the butcher’s shop and at the hospital, Tom had to wear white clothes.
One evening at the hospital, Tom had to carry a woman from her bed to the place where she was to have an operation. The woman was already feeling frightened at the thought of the operation before he came to get her, but when she saw Tom, that finished her. “No! No!” she cried．“Not my butcher! I won’t be operated on by my butcher!” and fainted away(昏厥).
1. Tom made enough money by ________.| A．doing two jobs |
| B．working in a butcher’s shop |
| C．cutting meat well |
| D．studying in the university |
| A．a butcher and a doctor |
| B．a manager and a doctor |
| C．an assistant |
| D．a manager |
| A．he was wearing white clothes |
| B．he was going to operate on her |
| C．he was now working in the hospital |
| D．he had sold meat to her |
| A．plunged her into deep sorrow |
| B．took all her strength and courage away |
| C．broke her heart |
| D．made her decide to have an operation |
【推荐3】 Svalbard Scenery
What You Can See
In this remote area. the focus is surely on nature's grand displays.
●Light: During summer months the sun never sets. In winter it never rises, but the northern lights dance across the sky.
●Wildlife: Reindeer and arctic foxes wander on the land, and seals swim offshore. Polar bears can be hard to spot, but that first sighting makes all the effort worthwhile.
●Landscapes: Glaciers and snow covered mountains fill the views.
Photo Tips
If you're a photographer, be prepared for anything at all times because conditions can vary from one moment to the next. To capture both landscapes and wildlife, bring wide –angle and telephoto cameras and a water resistant camera bag or a smart phone case is a must. When composing shots of the scenery. you can include the horizon line to give a sense of the area's vastness. In spring and fall, pay special attention to the scenery at sunrise and sunset. When the light shines on edges of the ice, the ocean looks like a shiny object.
How to Get There
Most visitors fly via Oslo to Longyearbyen, the largest settlement there, which hugs the shore of Spitsbergen island. Because there aren't many reliable roads, exploration is usually done with small ships ( fewer than 200 passengers) that can navigate through areas of thick sea ice. You can travel onto the tundra (冻土地带) and into caves for guided hiking and wildlife watching
1. What can visitors see in winter in Svalbard?| A．Sunrise. | B．Sunset. | C．Northern lights. | D．Green mountains. |
| A．Exclude the horizon line | B．Avoid photographing wildlife. |
| C．Bring a cloth bag for their smart phones, | D．Make preparations for changeable conditions. |
| A．By air. | B．By sea | C．On foot. | D．By train. |
