You might have noticed that the ringing sound of basketballs was almost like the beat to a song. But did you know that it could be taken seriously as music?
The music group STOMP has taken everyday objects and turned them into instruments. The music it has created is a hit all over the world.
STOMP was formed by British musicians Luke Cresswell and Steve McNicholas. They met in the early 1980s when they were both working as buskers, the British term for street performers. Cresswell and McNicholas were part of a busking group called Pookiesnackenburger that became very popular throughout Britain.
Cresswell was a drummer (鼓手) for the group. Because they performed on the street, he could not set up a traditional drum set. Instead, he wore one drum that hung around his shoulders. To be able to make different sounds, Cresswell began beating on everyday objects that he could find during performances. This creative drumming led to the idea for STOMP.
STOMP made its first public appearance at London’s Bloomsbury Theatre in 1991. The performers used one-of-a-kind instruments, such as empty water bottles, basketballs, and matchboxes to create music. Wearing overalls and T-shirts, they danced around on a stage made to look like a closed warehouse (仓库). STOMP was a great success, winning many theater awards and drawing huge crowds (人群).
In 1994, STOMP came to the United States and played at the Orpheum Theater in New York City. Years later it is still playing there! To celebrate its ten-year anniversary (周年纪念), the then New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg renamed the street outside the theater STOMP Avenue.
STOMP has now toured all over the United States and most of the world. One reason STOMP is so popular is that anyone can enjoy it. There are no words or story. People from all cultures can understand it, no matter which language they speak.
1. What makes STOMP a special music group?A.There are few words in its music. |
B.It usually performs in warehouses. |
C.The performers wear special clothes. |
D.It uses everyday objects as instruments. |
A.It was created in 1980. |
B.It was formed in Britain. |
C.It was named after a street. |
D.It was part of Pookiesnackenburger. |
A.Luke Cresswell. | B.A busking group. |
C.Steve McNicholas. | D.Michael Bloomberg. |
a. STOMP began performing at the Orpheum Theater.
b. STOMP began performing at the Bloomsbury Theatre.
c. Michael Bloomberg named a street STOMP Avenue.
d. Luke Cresswell and Steve McNicholas worked as buskers.
A.d-b-a-c. | B.d-a-b-c. |
C.b-a-c-d. | D.b-a-d-c. |
相似题推荐
1. In this passage "band" means "group of persons ________."
A.who play games on the sports ground |
B.who play music together |
C.living in the same neighborhood |
D.doing things together under a leader and with a common purpose |
A.cassette tape with only music |
B.cassette tape recorder |
C.band from Japan |
D.voice recording equipment |
A.to have a good time |
B.to have something to drink |
C.to get something to eat |
D.to buy the equipment |
A.all persons like to play Karaoke |
B.to introduce Karaoke to the people |
C.Karaoke is a wonderful equipment |
D.Karaoke is used everywhere including snack bars |
【推荐2】The Dance of Life
Before children learn to talk, and without having seen anyone dance, they express happiness through simple rhythmic movements or what we later recognize as simple dances.
Nevertheless, it is only human beings who have adapted dance to therapeutic purposes. Dance as therapy goes back a long time. Primitive people first danced by themselves instinctively and found, after a while, that repeated rhythmic movements produced a good feeling.
But the “primitive” use of dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival.
A.Dance has always seemed to have a magic healing power. |
B.And it’s not only humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well. |
C.Never before has there been such interest in courses offering dance therapy. |
D.Those with medical problems can’t tell they are in therapy because they are just having fun. |
E.Associations were formed between dance and this positive effect on the mind and emotions. |
F.They dressed up as animals and jumped up and down making animal movements and noises. |
【推荐3】Jazz is a kind of music in which improvisation(即兴创作) is typically an important part. In most jazz performances, players play solos which they make up on site, which requires considerable skills. There is great variety in jazz but most jazz is very rhythmic(有节奏的) and uses “blue” notes. You can often hear “call-and-response” patterns in jazz, in which one instrument, voice, or part of the band answers another. Jazz can express many different emotions, from pain to joy. In jazz, you may hear the sounds of freedom, for the music has been a powerful voice for people suffering unfair treatment because of the colour of the skin.
Jazz musicians place a high value on finding their own sound and style and that means for example, that trumpeter(号手) Miles Davis sounds very different from trumpeter Louis Armstrong. Jazz musicians like to play their songs in their own styles, and so you might listen to a dozen of different jazz recordings of the same song, but each will sound different.
Jazz developed in the United States in the very early part of the 20th century. New Orleans, near the mouth of the Mississippi River, played a key role in this development. The city’s population was more different than anywhere else in the South. People of African French, Caribbean, Italian, German, Mexican, and American Indian as well as English descent(血统) mixed with one another, African-American musical traditions mixed with others and gradually jazz emerged(产生) from a mixture of marches, blues, and other kinds of music.
At first jazz was mostly for dancing. After the first recordings of jazz were made in 1917, the music spread widely and developed rapidly. At the same time jazz spread from the United States to many parts of the world, and today jazz musicians and jazz festivals can be found in dozens of nations. Jazz is one of the United States’ greatest exports to the world.
1. What is a typical part of jazz?A.Players create music on site. | B.It’s only performed indoors. |
C.Players sing in different ways. | D.It only expresses painful feelings. |
A.Their favourite songs. | B.Their different styles. |
C.Their high expectations. | D.Their warm sounds. |
A.The cultural mixture. | B.A local language. |
C.Traditional value. | D.A perfect timing. |
A.The Development of Modern Music | B.A Report About African American |
C.A Brief Introduction to Jazz | D.Jazz Festivals in the Us |
【推荐1】School is still out for the summer, but at Eastern Senior High School, students are hard at work. In a garden bursting with vegetables and herbs, nearly a dozen teenagers are harvesting them for the weekend’s farmers market. They work Tuesday through Saturday with City Blossoms, a non-profit that brings community gardens to schools and other places where kids gather in urban(城市的) areas.
Roshawn Little, going into her junior year at Eastern, believes that working in the garden has taught her to try all sorts of new things — like eating different kinds of vegetables more often. And she has taken those healthy behaviors home with her and her family now buy more fruits and vegetables. “ We mainly live around liquor (酒)stores and snack stores. There aren’t that many grocery stores. They’re way out, and you have to drive so far ——a common problem in low-income urban areas .”
City Blossoms is one of many groups across the country teaming up with local communities to establish school gardens, like the one at Eastern. These gardens, advocates say, are really outdoor classrooms where kids learn valuable lessons — not just about nutrition, but also about science and math, even business skills. For example, the gardens can be used for math lessons — like calculating the area of a plant bed — or learning the science of how plants grow.
On a recent weekend at the Aya farmers market, the kids work at a table decorated with handmade signs that read “onions” and “garlic”, inviting people to try their herbed salt with bread. Working at the market helps them practice public speaking skills and business skills.
Nadine Joyner of a nutrition education company has a food table next to the kids’ at the market and often buys produce from them. She is constantly impressed by the kids’ knowledge of what they’re selling — they know how to grow it, how to prepare it, and how to cook it.
1. What do students at Eastern do with the harvested vegetables?A.Sell them on market. | B.Take them to school. |
C.Give them to farmers. | D.Share them at home. |
A.It is inconvenient in traffic. |
B.It is crowded with grocery stores. |
C.It has poor access to fresh foods. |
D.It suffers from income inequality. |
A.To provide nutritious food. |
B.To improve classroom conditions |
C.To cooperate with local community. |
D.To create outdoor learning chances. |
Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation’s emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
"The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.
1. What is the purpose of the approved plan?
A.To warn people of emergencies via messages. |
B.To popularize the use of cell phones. |
C.To estimate the monthly number of messages. |
D.To promote the wireless industry. |
A.CTIA | B.the Warning Alert and Response Network |
C.FCC | D.federal regulators |
A.the US federal government | B.mobile phone users |
C.the carriers themselves | D.the law of the United States |
A.Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students | B.Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry |
C.Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters | D.Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon |
【推荐3】Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations (接种疫苗) for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents,said they have received the document recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control," Xing said, adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home, and encouraging online visits for family members.
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents, their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October, Shaoxing, Zhejiang province carried out an emergency COVTD-19 vaccine program, allowing the public to ask for injections in advance, with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing, Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide, emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials (临床试验).
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing (核酸检测) every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒) should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
1. Where can you probably find this article?A.In a newspaper. |
B.In a fashion magazine. |
C.In a book review. |
D.In a travel journal. |
A.The nursing home kept detailed records of residents, |
B.All the members will make preparations for injections. |
C.The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously. |
D.Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program. |
A.Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing. |
B.Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines. |
C.Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June. |
D.Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens. |
A.How the nursing homes conduct nucleic acid testing. |
B.The related news about the elderly and caregivers’ being provided vaccines. |
C.Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June. |
D.The government’s duty to strengthen prevention and control. |
【推荐1】In 2013 Mr. Baugher planted 7,000 Fuji apple trees in the orchard (果园).Three years later,just when the trees should have been bearing fruit, he noticed that a few of them had yellow leaves. Within weeks they were dead. The next year,the problem spread to more than a few trees. By last year,2,000 of Mr Baugher’s 7,000 new trees were dead.
Mr. Baugher has the worst case of"rapid apple decline" (RAD)in the county, but he is not alone. The mysterious disease has been troubling growers across America's northeast for at least six years. Kari Peter, a fruit-tree specialist first observed massive die-offs in her research orchard in 2013. She came up with the term"RAD". But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit. The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation, a known virus, disease, an early frost-didn't fit symptoms. Her investigation only ruled things out.
The dead trees tend to be younger: two to eight-years-old. They are nearing he prime of production. Dwarf trees, which are commonly used by commercial growers, seem to be the most subject. Historically, orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre, but most are now high producing dwarf trees, which are more compact. Growers plant 1, 200-1, 500 trees per acre. Working with the Department of Agriculture Kan found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees. But they cannot be sure if this new virus has any connection with the decline.
Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought (旱灾)could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses.Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame. Dan Donahue, a fruit-tree specialist says it could be any or all of those theories. In a recent sampling, he found that 64% of young trees had hidden viruses. These do not show symptoms, but they could affect vitality. Older, larger apple trees were better at shrugging off the viruses.
RAD is a big worry for the apple growers. Customer taste is changing. Traditional varieties like Red Delicious are no longer a customer favourite, so growers are having to invest in new varieties. Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.
Mr. Baugher found some relief in the Tree Assistance Programme, through which the federal government provides financial assistance to orchard-owners whose trees are damaged by natural disasters. The sudden death of apple trees may not seem as dramatic as a hurricane, but it is perhaps even more dangerous. Americans have given considerably more before in the defense of apple pie.
1. The underlined word"compact"is closest in meaning to .A.complex | B.dense | C.remote | D.regular |
A.It took her six years to come up with the term RAD. |
B.Her research led to a breakthrough in apple cultivation. |
C.She failed to find out the definite cause of RAD. |
D.She was the first scientist to research apple trees. |
A.extreme weather | B.a new virus | C.way of tree cultivation | D.location of the orchard |
A.RAD adds to the pressure on the already struggling apple growers. |
B.RAD doesn't qualify orchard growers for financial assistance. |
C.The government needs to fund more research into RAD. |
D.Apple growers should have stuck to traditional varieties. |
【推荐2】Imagine looking through 3.7 million outfits online in search of just the right fit. Sounds like an impossible task, doesn’t it? Not anymore — artificial intelligence (AI) stylists make such a task possible.
An AI stylist is a computer algorithm (算法) that can put together outfits. It works by scouring the internet in a very similar way to the Google search engine. The program searches for clothing images on fashion blogs, online stores and social media, collecting thousands of outfits created by human stylists. The program can also “read” text and pick out important details about each article of clothing. Both the images and text are stored in a data set from which the AI stylist makes fashion suggestions for people based on their personal preferences.
An AI stylist can collect tens of thousands of outfits to display to millions of shoppers online. This data set of outfits is constantly updated and controlled by a team of people. The team helps the computer improve the algorithms which in turn helps the AI stylist put together better outfits for a customer.
An AI stylist displays outfits and fittings based on a customer’s desires, but it can also suggest things that may be a little out of the customer’s comfort zone. People are often willing to try something new if they are following styling advice.
An AI stylist can run into trouble when people of different cultures use it. What is trendy in Asia can be very different from what is fashionable in Europe. AI stylists keep up with the latest trends in different countries and then change the program for different regions. Companies can create a set of guidelines for the AI stylist to use, which can be adjusted by country to reflect preferences for different styles.
An Al stylist must also keep up with “fashion rules”. For example, big-sleeved tops do not go with skinny fit blazers. It is difficult for the AI stylist to recognize “rules” like these. So a different AI model that can recognize the cut, style and color of garments adds that information to the database.
AI stylists have been tested against real stylists and fashion influencers and have received positive feedback. Maybe someday we won’t put together an outfit without using our AI consultant first.
1. How can an AI stylist choose the suitable outfit from plentiful ones?A.By its reading abilities. | B.By its supporting team. |
C.By its powerful algorithm. | D.By its connection to the internet. |
A.Because the algorithms need updating. |
B.Because AI stylists are testing customers’ feedback. |
C.Because people usually accept professional suggestions. |
D.Because AI stylists have not read the users’ preferences. |
A.They may fall behind the fashion. |
B.They cannot be accessible in some countries. |
C.They cannot recognize the styles of some clothes. |
D.They may be unable to understand some fashion rules. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Doubtful. | C.Predictable. | D.Promising. |
A.AI VS. Humans | B.How to Choose a Proper AI |
C.AI: Changing How You Look | D.Warning: AI Replacing Stylists |
【推荐3】Blue sharks use large, spinning ocean currents, known as eddies(漩涡), to fast—track their way down to feed in the ocean twilight zone—a layer of the ocean between 200 and 1000 meters deep—containing a large number of fishes according to new research by the Applied Physics Lab.
Researchers tagged(给……加上标签) more than a dozen blue sharks off the US. Northeast Coast and monitored them for nine months. The tags relayed data back to the researchers via satellite, showing that the sharks had spent a good part of their days diving down to the ocean twilight zone through the eddies in the ocean. There, they’d spend an hour or so hunting for food like small fish before returning to the surface to warm up before diving again.
Dives were less frequent at night, when many twilight zone animals make their daily migration from the ocean’s mid—water to feed at the surface. Camrin Braun, lead author of the study, said that an evening trip possibly isn’t worth the effort for hungry blue sharks since the zone isn’t particularly well filled with fish after dark.
Braun said the behavior of the blue sharks was generally similar to that of the white sharks the team tracked in a previous study last year. However, the two species had different preferences when it came to water temperature. White sharks, which are warm-blooded animals, used a combination of warm and cold—water eddies to reach the twilight zone, while blue sharks relied only on warm water eddies. because they belong to a cold-blooded species.
Blue sharks are considered a “near threatened” species due to heavy fishing pressure on populations across the globe. “This research helps fill important knowledge gaps about where they go and why, which can inform decision making to help protect them,” said biologist Simon Thorrold. “It is significant to do further research on the blue sharks.”
1. What can we know about the ocean twilight zone?A.It’s a place with spinning ocean currents. |
B.It provides blue sharks with small fishes. |
C.It’s part of a surface layer of the ocean. |
D.It lies off the U.S. Northeast Coast. |
A.The tags are attached to them. |
B.They can’t warm up on the surface. |
C.They need to avoid white sharks there. |
D.Small fishes are not enough for them to have. |
A.Blue sharks and white sharks feed in different depths of the ocean. |
B.Blue sharks and white sharks reach the zone with the same eddies. |
C.Blue sharks can not regulate their body temperature to stay warm. |
D.Blue sharks suffered from much less overfishing than white sharks. |
A.Favorable. | B.Doubtful. | C.Opposite. | D.Indifferent. |
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
1. It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.
A.rolling them on roads |
B.pushing them over the sand |
C.sliding them on smooth paths |
D.dragging them on some poles |
A.made the path wet |
B.made the path hard |
C.made the path wide |
D.made the path slippery |
A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached. |
B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels. |
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks. |
D.Rolling the blocks with fat. |
A.Because more force is needed for sliding. |
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle. |
C.Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous. |
D.Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling. |
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site. |
【推荐2】Young children often “read” picture books. They’re attracted by the colorful scenery and the realistic characters that contribute to fascinating plots.
Unfortunately, some children can’t use these resources, even if they do know how to read. Take three-year-old Elodie Bateson for example. Elodie was born with under-developed eyes and has retinal detachments (视网膜脱落), making her visually impaired.
It is because of people like Elodie that Tom Yeh, head of the Tactile Picture Books Project, has started printing 3D books, so they can feel the illustrations in picture books.
The first book Tom Yeh printed was Goodnight Moon, a popular children’s book about a rabbit going to sleep and wishing good night to his surroundings. In the 3D version of this book, children can feel each thing that the rabbit says good night to, whether it is a cow jumping over the moon, a balloon, or a dollhouse.
Generally, when children grow older, they read by using Braille, a language that was invented by Louis Braille in 1824. It uses different patterns of raised dots representing different letters. Readers can then feel the dots and mentally translate the patterns they feel into words. The only problem is that many blind children do not start learning Braille until they are about six years old.
Another reason why 3D printed books are such a valuable resource is that children don’t have to know how to read to understand them. However, without these, visually impaired kids are losing six developmental years vital to their growth since they can’t take advantage of picture books.
When 3D picture books are printed, plastic is layered (分层放置) repeatedly over a single shape: the shape of the illustration. These raised pictures created through layered plastic serve as substitutes (替代品) for the Braille letters that little children have no knowledge of.
1. What does the underlined word “impaired” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Damaged. | B.Disappeared. | C.Defeated. | D.Unmatched. |
A.Most people can translate Braille into words. |
B.The blind at any age can read by using Braille. |
C.Blind kids begin learning Braille at six years old or so. |
D.Braille uses similar patterns of raised dots to stand for different letters. |
A.pictures | B.letters | C.dots | D.codes |
A.To encourage kids to read books. | B.To teach the blind children Braille. |
C.To cure visually impaired children. | D.To help the blind children read picture books. |
【推荐3】Museum Visitors’ Access Regulations
Opening hours
• Visitors must respect the opening times no earlier than 11.00 am and, in particular, leave before the closing time and, however, no later than 11.00 pm.
• Access for activities carried out by third parties applies the proper site Regulation, unless otherwise agreed between parties.
Food and drinks
It is forbidden to introduce food and /or drinks as well as to eat and drink in the historical sites for cleanliness reasons as well as for safety and protection of artworks.
Mobile phones and other devices
Please silence the ring tone and sound of mobile phones and other devices.
Photo and video shooting
• It is forbidden to take photos and videos with flash.
• It is allowed to take photos and video that do not involve any physical contact with the artworks, and for no profit purposes.
• It is possible to obtain digital images or carry out professional photo shoots, video shoots, film and television shootings by submitting a specific request for authorization (许可) to cultura@fondazioneveneziaservizi.it.
Guided visits and groups
• Guided visits can be carried out only by authorized people, providing they have one of the following certificates:
*professional tour guides;
*educational staff and museum guides of authorized third parties;
*museum staff.
• Guided tours must take place in order to ensure the regular flow of visitors. In particular, explanations must be provided in a tone of voice that does not disturb other visitors.
• In case of school groups and classes, teachers are directly responsible for the students’ behavior. Students must observe all the regulations indicated.
1. When can visitors visit the museum?A.At 8.00 am. | B.At 10.30 am. | C.At 8.30 pm. | D.At 11.30 pm. |
A.Drinking in the historical sites. |
B.Shooting a film with authorization. |
C.Taking photos of historical sites for profit. |
D.Providing a loud explanation of historical sites. |
A.Class monitors. | B.Young tour guides. |
C.Group leaders. | D.Educational staff. |