Basically, without the possibility of failure, there is little possibility of success. Education is in danger of becoming a branch of the entertainment industry. Although education should indeed be entertaining where possible, it cannot always be fun. Often, it needs the "hard yards".
Some educationalists feel that if something causes worry it should be avoided at all costs, I would disagree. Facing up to challenges helps develop children. Avoiding challenges can severely limit their potential. Tougher children are able to try and fail. The less tough may simply fail to try anything new.
I’m not advocating putting children under pressure. The real debate is perhaps what pressures are unavoidable. It's not about "throwing children into the deep end", but rather encouraging them to put their foot in the water and giving them the skills to float.
This latter approach is basically the work I and my team do at the University of Hull. We measure mental toughness and then provide interventions to improve this. These interventions include psychological skills such as goal setting, relaxation and thought control. So, for example, many children will say: "What happens if it goes wrong?" We work hard to change this so that the sentence reads: "What happens if it goes right?" One word difference, but a world away when thinking about challenges.
We try to help children deal more effectively with life using a three-step approach. Firstly, it is important to set realistic and achievable goals. Then it is a matter of finding out what factors (因素) are helping children to achieve these goals and what factors are working against this. The final step is to discover which of these factors can be controlled, or at least influenced, and what factors the child is in reality stuck with. Redirecting children's energies to movable obstacles (障碍) can produce huge life changes.
However, I think that for most of us we have become stress averse (反对的) and overreact to it. It has always been there, and it has always been the case that some people enjoy it, some need help to deal with it and some people's lives are ruined by it.
Showing our children that stress can be faced with and beaten offers them a way forward. The more a fear is avoided, the bigger it gets.
1. From the passage, we know the writer believes ____________.A.education needs challenges |
B.education should always be fun |
C.children should avoid facing challenges |
D.the more challenges, the better for the children |
A.some children are less tough |
B.some pressures are avoidable |
C.some challenges do good to children |
D.some children are unaware of their potential |
A.Record what the children do in stressful situations. |
B.Make the children tougher mentally and physically. |
C.Put the children under pressure by giving them challenges. |
D.Give the children challenges and suggest suitable approaches. |
A.We should try our best to avoid stress. |
B.We should love stress because stress is unavoidable. |
C.We should put ourselves to the test in stressful situations. |
D.We should experience stress and learn skills to deal with it. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】I can't remember a winter being as cold as this in Pennsylvania, but I'm sure there were colder days.
Even though the daylight hours are growing longer minute by minute, it's easy to find an excuse not to go out unless you absolutely must, but then again I often have to push myself to accomplish things.
People I speak to have been in all kinds of nasty moods. They say they're “under the weather”, not feeling good about this time of year.
As I stood outside with my two dogs yesterday, it was so cold that my nose, face and ears felt frozen. Of course, that doesn't matter to Ricky and Lucy. They have a routine they must go through to find just the fighting spot no matter how cold or hot it is. So I wait.
But this time it was different. As cold as it was, I suddenly was excited thinking about how wonderful this extreme cold really was.
Then the sun broke through the clouds and memories of summer's extremely hot days flashed through my mind. I could remember standing in the heat of the afternoon, with sweat pouring down my brow and the hot, burning sun against my face. I reminded myself then and there that in the cold of the winter I would wish I had this heat.
I was grateful for the extremes. Without the extremes in my life, I would never appreciate the days when things were just right. Without the extremes, life would be boring.
It's being pushed to one of the extremes that makes us appreciate the middle more. Health challenges remind us that we need to pay more attention to how we live. Financial extremes remind us that when things go smoothly it's also time to save for raining days.
I've come to the conclusion that all too often I find a reason not to be happy with where I am at that moment. Whether it's hot or cold, good health or bad, in the money or out of it, I always want it to be different.
I'm tired of being “Under the Weather!”
1. What is the author's attitude towards the extremes in life?A.Grateful. | B.Critical. |
C.Sensitive. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.his dogs wanted to hunt |
B.his dogs had a routine |
C.he wanted to be different |
D.he wanted to face the cold bravely |
A.unpleasant | B.violent |
C.favorable | D.unusual |
A.Follow the Routine |
B.Two Extremes in Life |
C.Weather Information |
D.Changes Should Be Expected |
【推荐2】Have you ever walked through a door and thought to yourself, “What was I going to do?” If you have, you are not alone. Psychologists believe that walking through a door and entering another room creates a “mental block” in the brain. This is generally referred to as the doorway effect.
In the early years of brain research, scientists thought that human memory was like a closet, with many sections in which we could store little boxes of experiences from our lives. Boxes would remain there forever, and whenever we had to look into them, we could just go to that particular section and find that box of memory.
Beautiful as this description of human memory formation sounds, it is not true. Our brain is much more complex than that. Psychological studies suggest that our memories are episodic(情节性的)in general. If you think back on anything, you’ll probably quickly realize our memories don’t function as clear narratives. Instead, they’re more episodic and divided into parts.
A new research led by psychologist Oliver Baumann from Bond University in Australia suggests that it’s not so much the doorways that cause a memory wipe, as moving from one location to a significantly different one—it’s the abrupt change of scene that prepares our minds for something new. “A good example is moving around in a department store,” says Baumann, “Taking the elevator between floors may have no effect on our memory, but moving from the store to the parking lot might cause us to forget something that we need to buy.”
Baumann also points out that a busy and perhaps overloaded brain does seem to play some part in this phenomenon. In other words, walking through open doors is thought to reset memory to make room for a new episode.
The good news is that experiencing such forgettable episodes after entering another room does not tell you anything about your memory and intelligence. So when you enter a room and suddenly forget why you are there, you should not think that Alzheimer’s disease is creeping up on you!
1. Which of the following would most probably be “doorway effect”?A.You missed a call and forgot to ring back. |
B.You read a book and forget what it is about. |
C.You entered the office and forgot what to get. |
D.You saw a man years ago and forget who he is now. |
A.All memories are linked in the brain. |
B.Memories are clearly separated in the brain. |
C.Not all the memories can be found in the brain. |
D.Memories are stored in particular sections of the brain. |
A.Taking an elevator stimulates new memory. |
B.Walking through open doors results in memory loss. |
C.A sudden change of the scene boosts intelligence development. |
D.An overloaded brain increases the possibility of doorway effect. |
A.Insignificant. | B.Beneficial. |
C.Influential. | D.Damaging. |
【推荐3】How to bring more laughter into your life
Laughter is your birthright, a natural part of life that is inborn. Infants (婴儿) begin smiling during the first weeks of life and laugh out loud within months of being born.
Smile. Smiling is the beginning of laughter, and like laughter, it’s infectious.
When you hear laughter, move toward it. Sometimes humor and laughter are private, a shared joke among a small group, but usually not. More often, people are very happy to share something funny because it gives them an opportunity to laugh again and feed off the humor you find in it.
Spend time with fun, playful people. These are people who laugh easily—both at themselves and at life’s absurdities (荒诞)—and who routinely find the humor in everyday events.
A.Count your blessings. |
B.When you laugh, laugh aloud. |
C.However, it can also be learned. |
D.Their playful point of view and laughter are infectious. |
E.When you hear laughter, seek it out and ask, “What’s funny?” |
F.Laughter is a powerful cure for stress, pain, and disagreement. |
G.When you look at someone or see something even mildly pleasing, practice smiling. |
【推荐1】Research has found that storing crucial pieces of information on an electronic device does not rot your memory skills and can actually increase your ability to remember things you would otherwise forget. Storing important information or smartphones may free up our own memory to store a larger amount of less crucial information, allowing us to keep more in total across our internal and electronic memory banks.
Researchers took 158 participants aged between 18 and 71 and showed them up to 12 numbered circles on a screen. Some of the circles would briefly appear pink or blue before all fading to a yellow colour, indicating that they had to be dragged to either the pink side or the blue side of the screen at a later point.
Some of the circles were classed as “high value”, some as “low value” and some as zero value. Users had to remember which side of the screen to drag the circles to in order to earn points. In some of the experiments they had to rely on their own memories. In others, they could set an electronic reminder on a device.
Researchers found subjects tended to use digital devices to store information about which were the highest-value circles. This led to an 1896 increase in accuracy when placing these circles. They also found, to their surprise, using electronic reminders for high-value circles led to a 27% increase in accuracy when differentiating from memory between the low and zero-value circles, even when no electronic reminders had been set for these.
The study said that when people store important information on an external device, their brains tend to delete it from their “internal memory”, reallocating (再分配) that space for “low-value content”.
“The results show that external memory tools work. Far from causing digital dementia, using an external memory device can even improve our memory for information that we never saved. But we need to be careful that we back up the most important information. Otherwise, if a memory tool fails, we could be left with nothing but lower-importance information in our own memory.”
1. What do the underlined words “electronic memory banks” probably refer to?A.People’s brains. | B.To-do lists. |
C.Self-service banks. | D.Cellphones. |
A.By changing the color of the circles. |
B.By moving the circles to the right side. |
C.By remembering the number of the circles. |
D.By classing the circles according to their values. |
A.It will be regarded as low-value content. |
B.It will be removed from people’s brains. |
C.It will be grouped automatically based on importance. |
D.It will be well-preserved despite the failure of digital devices. |
A.Information Age: Phones Are Everywhere |
B.Promising Future: Phones Shape the World |
C.Note to Self: Phones Don’t Rot Memory |
D.Controversial Issue: Phones Act as a Double-edged Sword |
【推荐2】Walking is so simple and convenient that it couldn’t possibly count as exercise, right? Wrong. Study after study shows that regular walking can help you lose weight and reduce your risk of heart disease.
The study published in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice shows that the blood pressure of the overweight men being tested improved and the amount of body fat greatly decreased.
That’s good news, because walking has now become the most popular fitness activity in the United States. Convenient, simple, and gentle on the joints, walking is perhaps the easiest form of exercise to maintain. According to a survey, four out of five women who start a walking program continue to walk, while half of women who attempt other types of aerobic exercise (有氧运动), such as swimming, drop out during the first few months.
Here are some basics for walking exercise.
Walk at a pace that makes you breathe heavily, but still able to talk.
Your goal, first and foremost, is to walk five days a week, 30 minutes a walk. Do that, and you are getting the base-level amount of exercise that research says should maintain your health and vigor (精力).
Walk for as long as you are comfortable the first week, even if it is just to your mailbox and back. Each following week, increase that amount by no more than 10 percent.
Start every walk with five minutes of easy-paced walking, about the same pace at which you do shopping, to get your body warmed up. Then, cool down at the end of each walk with another five minutes of easy-paced walking. This allows your heart rate to gradually speed up and slow down.
1. The survey mentioned in Paragraph 3 shows that ________.A.80% of the women surveyed are walking as a means of exercise |
B.50% of the women surveyed want to swim as a means of exercise |
C.walking is more easily maintained than other types of aerobic exercise |
D.the effect of walking is as good as that of other types of aerobic exercise |
A.Walking five days a week, 30 minutes altogether, is the goal. |
B.Increase at least 10% of the amount of each previous week. |
C.Each walk should start with the pace of doing shopping. |
D.Walking as much as you can in the first week is suggested. |
A.To help reduce your blood pressure. |
B.To help reduce your risk of heart disease. |
C.To help your body lose fat. |
D.To help your heart rate change gradually. |
A.How to Keep Healthy? |
B.Walking for Exercise |
C.Different Ways of Exercise |
D.Is Walking a Type of Exercise? |
【推荐3】Beijing Opera, as one of Chinese traditional opera forms, is regarded as the national opera of China and well received all over the world.
Beijing Opera arose in the late 18th century with a history of more than 200 years whose origin can date back to some old local operas, especially the Anhui Opera. It became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. Now it's the biggest kind of opera in China, whose popularity spread all over the country, becoming the most popular dramatic (戏剧的) form on Chinese stage.
There are four basic methods employed in a Beijing Opera performance: chang, nian, zuo, da. Generally speaking, chang means singing, and nian recitation (背诵) and oral communication, while zuo means the facial and body expressions and acting and da is Chinese Kungfu. Beijing Opera also has four main types of performers namely Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng and Dan mean the main roles in the opera. The painted face, in Chinese called 'jing', is a name for the role of the man that has some special characteristic or appearance. Chou is easily understood from the role's name as a clown with an ugly appearance, who is to provide light relief and comedy.
In recent years, Beijing Opera has tried to make some changes, including improving the performance quality. Widely spreading all over China with great influence, Beijing Opera contains the spirit of Chinese national culture, but the shortage of funding has become a big problem as the form enters the 21st century. There is no doubt that it is a treasure of Chinese culture!
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A.The history of Beijing Opera. |
B.The great influence Beijing Opera has on us. |
C.Beijing Opera is popular in China. |
D.The relationship between the Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera. |
A.Chang | B.Nian | C.Zuo | D.Da |
A.Sheng | B.Dan | C.Jing | D.Chou |
A.Very bright. | B.Certainly dark. |
C.More popular. | D.Much uncertain. |