Three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above the earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it. The human body grows with the pull of the earth’s gravity(重力). But in space,our bones and muscles（肌肉）don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. NASA says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”.There are many elastic bands（弹力带）inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.
Space water is different. We need to first understand the surface tension（表面张力）of water，Surface tension is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules（分子）are drawn to each other. One example on the earth is that some bugs can “walk on water”. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays strong and the water ball will not break.
Space water is different in many other ways from that on the earth. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管）in sealed（密封的） bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe them away!
1. In space, bone and muscle loss happens because ________.| A．our bones and muscles are too weak to work |
| B．our bones may be hurt |
| C．our body needs to lose weight |
| D．our bones and muscles needn’t support our body’s weight |
| A．wearing the penguin suit | B．stretching the bands in the suit |
| C．running in space | D．doing the experiments in space |
| A．They drink it by using the same way as they do on the earth. |
| B．They pour it into a cup directly. |
| C．They drink it through straws. |
| D．They ask partners for help. |
| A．famous book | B．culture report | C．science magazine | D．fashion magazine |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In the science film Sunshine, an astronaut named Mace must leave his spacecraft without a protective suit for 15 seconds. He makes it through with the damage(损害) as a result of being very cold. Have you ever wondered what might happen to your body in space without a spacesuit?
On Earth, our atmosphere (air) protects us from the sun’s harmful UV rays, controls temperatures and also keeps a nice atmosphere pressure. The vacuum (真空) of space, however, is full of dangers.
One of the serious dangers Mace might face in outer space is ebullism (体液沸腾). The pressure in the vacuum of space is so low that the boiling point of the fluids (液体) in your body drops below the body’s normal temperature (37℃), which results in the formation of gas bubbles in your fluids that can really make you feel aching.
Another serious danger is the lack of oxygen. After around 15 seconds, your body would have used up all pf the oxygen in your body and you’d lose consciousness (意识). Some of you may be thinking “But I can hold my breath for minutes!?” The situation in space is a little different than here on Earth because of the lack of outside pressure, and if you held your breath in space without a suit you’d be in a big trouble. This is because any remaining air would rapidly enlarge, breaking the lungs.
After losing consciousness, you’ll probably last a couple of minutes at most before you die. Of course, there’s all that awful UV from the Sun which is going to give you serious sun burn, likely leading to cancer.
Is little damage for coldness a reasonable result of Sunshine’s suit less spacewalk? Actually it’s extremely cold in space, but astronauts wouldn’t immediately freeze because heat leaves the body very slowly in a vacuum. Therefore, the cold wouldn’t cause Mace too much harm in just 15 seconds, even if he faced the very lowest temperatures in space. The more likely damage would be caused from the enlargement and breaking of the skin’s small blood vessels (血管).
Anyway, obviously it’s never a good idea to go into space without some kind of protection. But don’t lose hope because you are probably saved with timely help before you die, so keep up!
1. Where can we read the passage?| A．In a magazine. | B．In a diary. |
| C．In a movie poster. | D．In a how-to book. |
| A．The vacuum helps astronauts walking and Waving in space. |
| B．The air supplies living protection and temperature control. |
| C．The air brings people serious problems sometimes on Earth. |
| D．The pressure of vacuum in space increases the boiling point. |
| A．To encourage readers to watch the film Sunshine. |
| B．To show the readers many serious air problems. |
| C．To discuss the causes of cancer from the sunburn. |
| D．To explain the unreasonable damage in the film. |
| A．Keep Alive in Space | B．Walking Freely in Space |
| C．Without a Spacesuit | D．Coldness Damage in Space |
【推荐2】People laugh for a lot of different reasons. For example, we laugh when something is funny, we laugh when something surprises us and we sometimes even laugh when we are scared. Scientists don’t know all the reasons why so many different things make us laugh. But we do know laughing helps us to get along with each other.
In some ways, laughing is a kind of talking. Before we had language, we knew how to laugh. Before words, laughing could let others know “Everything is OK!” Today, we still use laughing to let other people know that we like them, that we are friendly, and that we have the same idea.
Yes, even another person’s laughter can make someone start laughing with them. That is a good thing, because laughing is healthy for us.
Laughing helps our brains (大脑) give off special chemicals (化学物质). They can help us relax and feel good. Laughing is good exercise: It helps us make our hearts strong. Laughing can also help us feel much better if we are feeling worried or scared. Scientists think laughing may also help with our health. It helps our body fight illness (疾病).
So, laughing is good for us in many ways. That’s why it’s a good idea for us to laugh loudly right now.
1. How does the writer start the passage?| A．By telling a story. | B．By using some numbers. |
| C．By giving examples. | D．By asking some questions. |
| A．Laughing is a way to talk with others. | B．Laughing is good for people’s health. |
| C．Laughing can help people feel less worried. | D．Laughing is a way to tell others how we feel. |
| A．Scientists know all the reasons why we laugh. | B．We knew how to speak before we knew how to laugh. |
| C．Special chemicals help us make our hearts strong. | D．If we are scared, laughing can help us feel better. |
| A．What laughing can help us with | B．The reasons for laughing |
| C．Why laughing is special | D．Scientists’ idea about how to laugh |
【推荐3】Do you think it is a good idea to restrain (限制) children from too much gaming or watching videos online?
China has done exactly that. It is one of the largest gaming markets around the world as more than half a billion Chinese people play video games regularly. To protect the mental health (精神健康) of children, the country has made laws for those under 18.
Young gamers, below 18 years of age, have been restrained from gaming between 10 pm and 8 am. They are also not allowed to play for more than 90 minutes on weekdays and no more than 3 hours per day on weekends and holidays. Children between the ages of 8 and 16 can only spend 200 yuan on gaming while gamers between the ages of 16 and 18 can spend 400 yuan.
The worry about video game addiction is real. The World Health Organization has listed Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) (互联网游戏障碍) as a mental health condition. Gaming disorder means it is hard for the gamer to stop gaming. When players think gaming is more important than their work, hobbies and interests, it is a sign of gaming disorder. Other signs of gaming disorder include preferring gaming instead of staying with others, and feeling nervous, sad or angry when not gaming. Gaming disorder can also influence a person physically as they suffer from nearsightedness (近视).
According to the game lovers, gaming is helpful in improving their hand-eye coordination (手眼协调) and increasing their ability to make good plans and have deep thinking. Gaming can certainly be fun and relaxing, but too much gaming can have a bad influence on teenagers’ social lives and lead to them losing their eyesight.
1. How does the writer lead into the topic of the passage?| A．By giving an example. | B．By asking a question. |
| C．By listing some numbers. | D．By providing research results. |
| A．what games teens are allowed to play | B．why teens are restrained from gaming |
| C．how the laws restrain teens from gaming | D．when teens are allowed to watch videos |
| A．being able to do something |
| B．being kept away from something |
| C．being surprisingly good at something |
| D．being unable to stop doing something harmful |
| A．Teens shouldn’t play games on school days. |
| B．More and more teens like to watch videos online. |
| C．China has made new gaming laws for kids. |
| D．Playing video games can help to improve hand-eye coordination. |
Studies suggest that most of the teenagers do not really idolize celebrities. Researchers have found three kinds of fans.
About 15% of young people have a social interest. They love chatting about their favorite celebrities with friends and this does not appear to do any harm.
Another 5% feel that they have a strong-personal relationship with a celebrity. Sometimes they see them as their soul-mates(心灵伴侣) and find that they are often thinking about them, even when they don't want to. These people are easy to feel depressed. If girls in this group idolize a woman star with a body they consider to be perfect, they are more likely to be unhappy with their own bodies.
That leaves 2% of young people with an unreasonable interest. They might spend several thousand pounds on a paper plate the celebrity had used, or they would do something lawbreaking. These people are in most danger of being seriously upset.
What about the celebrities themselves? Some researchers in the USA did a study to find out the effect of being famous on these people. The study showed celebrities showed off too much and they were very narcissistic(自恋的). The researchers looked at 200 celebrities, 200 young adults with MBAs (Masters in Business Administration), who were a group known for being narcissistic, and some general population. As the researchers expected, the celebrities were much more narcissistic than the MBAs and both of these two groups were a lot more narcissistic than the general population.
Four kinds of celebrities were included in the study. The most narcissistic were the ones who had become famous through reality TV shows. Next came comedians(喜剧演员) and then actors.
The least narcissistic were musicians. One interesting result was that there was no connection between narcissism and the length of time the celebrity had been famous.
So, what can we learn from this? Most people who are very successful or famous are usually self-centered and are likely to act only for their own benefits. As we can see from celebrity magazines, they also often feel lonely and even hopeless. They make harmful role models.
1. The underlined word "depressed" in Paragraph 3 probably means .
| A．sad | B．afraid | C．pleased | D．hopeful |
| A．Celebrities. |
| B．The general population. |
| C．Young adults with MBAs. |
| D．Teenagers who admire celebrities. |
| A．Most fans of celebrities want to become famous. |
| B．Talking about celebrities does harm to teenagers. |
| C．Narcissism increases with the length of time of being famous. |
| D．Only a very small group of teenagers are crazy about celebrities. |
| A．To make us understand celebrities better. |
| B．To direct teenagers to become celebrities. |
| C．To compare different people with celebrities. |
| D．To discourage teenagers from taking celebrities as idols. |
【推荐2】Everyone knows that exercise is important. We all need to do exercise. Doctors say it is good for us. It makes your heart and body strong. Children who often exercise are more alert(灵活). This means they do better in many respects(方面).
There are many ways to exercise. You can walk, run, swim, skate, or play ball games. Make sure you exercise in the following ways: You have to like what you are doing. Exercise enough—but not too much. It’s best to exercise twice a week. Thirty minutes each time is enough. Try all kinds of sports until(直到) you find one, two or even three sports that feel right for you.
You can exercise at fitness centers. They have a lot of equipment(设备) there. The equipment helps exercise your arms, legs and other parts of your body to make you fit. Some people buy equipment for their homes. But it’s very expensive.
1. What can exercise do to the body? ________| A．It can make the body strong. |
| B．It can make the body weak. |
| C．It can make us sick. |
| D．It can make us sleep more. |
| A．running | B．walking |
| C．skating | D．skiing |
| A．Ten minutes. | B．Twenty minutes. |
| C．Thirty minutes. | D．Forty minutes. |
| A．It’s best for us to exercise twice a week. |
| B．You have to exercise as much as you can. |
| C．You needn’t do all kinds of sports to keep fit. |
| D．You have to like the sports that you are doing. |
| A．商务中心 | B．健身中心 |
| C．医疗中心 | D．购物中心 |
【推荐3】People are living longer and longer these days. That’s good news. It’s great to have a long life. However, everything will be hard when people get old. When there are so many old people in society (社会), finding care is difficult. Do you think so?
Today, technology is helping us with this problem. Scientists have created useful robots.
They can give old people all kinds of care. Some robots can even be old people’s good friends. They can communicate with each other anytime.
The simplest care robots are like pets. When you touch them, they will move or make sounds like animals. They make old people happy, and no one has to feed them because they don’t feel hungry.
Some care robots can help old people with many things. They can tell them to take medicine, do exercise, and see the doctor. Also, if the robot’s owner has some problems, the robot will call someone for help. Other care robots do physical jobs. They pick things up and help people walk.
Many of these robots don’t just help old people do things. They also make them feel independent (独立的). Some scientists make their robots look so thin that these robots also need care from old people. That way, people will care for the robots while the robots care for them.
1. What may happen when there are many old people in society according to the text?| A．The old people will spend more money on medicine. |
| B．The old people will feel sad because no one is there for them. |
| C．It will be difficult for the old people to make money. |
| D．The problem of finding care will become serious for the old people. |
| A．Make friends with them. | B．Provide them with food. |
| C．Make money for them. | D．Let them do housework. |
| A．By helping them make friends with others. | B．By making dinner for them. |
| C．By giving them all kinds of care. | D．By making them feel special. |
| A．Care robots will make it not difficult to care for old people. |
| B．Care robots are able to help old people do everything. |
| C．Some care robots are old people’s friends and make them feel independent. |
| D．Some care robots and their owners may care for each other. |
| A．Great care robots. | B．Old people in society. |
| C．Robots and scientists. | D．All kinds of robots. |
