As you read this passage, you probably have in front of you some paper, a pen and at least one pencil. Have you ever wondered how they were first made and where they come from?
The word “paper”comes from the name “papyrus”, a plant. The ancient Egyptians took the soft centre of this plant and added water to make a wet mixture which was then pressed together and hung up to dry. The resulting paper was strong yet flexible and was used as writing material in Greek and Roman. However, it was the Chinese who invented what we now know as paper. The method, in use over 2,000 years ago, also involved pressing and drying wet material to form paper. Many material were used. It was not until the 19th century that paper became easy to make and cheap to buy.
The earliest pens were hollow reeds (空心芦苇) that were put into ink to produce a form writing. By the 6th century BCE, feathers had taken the place of the reeds and feathers continued to be used until the appearance of the metal nib (笔尖). The ballpoint pen was developed in the second half of the 20th century by the Hungarian Biro brothers.
From the time of the Romans, a metal stick, made of lead (铅), was used to write on papyrus. The lead left only a light mark and was later replaced by another soft metal, called graphite (石墨). Unlike lead, graphite produced a much firmer and heavier line. The graphite sticks, however, broke very easily. So an Italian couple invented something a little like our modern pencil.
根据语篇内容,选择最佳选项。
1. What does the underlined word “they” in the first paragraph refer to?
A.Some paper, a pen and at least one pencil. | B.Pens and pencils. | C.Paper and pens. |
A.In the 6th century. | B.In the 12thcentury. | C.In the 19th century. |
A.Feathers→hollow reeds→metal nib→ballpoint pen. |
B.Hollow reeds→feathers→metal nib→ballpoint pen. |
C.Metal nib→hollow reeds→feathers→ballpoint pen. |
A.Because lead is harmful to people. |
B.Because lead breaks more easily. |
C.Because graphite makes darker lines. |
A.The benefit of the pen. |
B.The history of paper, pens and pencils. |
C.The inventor of the pencil. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Many people catch a cold in spring or fall. It makes us think why scientists can’t find a cure (治疗) for the cold. The answer is easy. But there are hundreds of kinds of cold viruses (病毒) out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one.
When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of (摆脱) it. You get a fever, but the heat (热度) of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting to your body. You may feel terrible, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.
Different people have different ways of curing colds. In the United States, for example, people might drink chicken soup to feel better. Some take hot baths and drink warm water. Others take medicine to stop the fever and runny nose.
There is one interesting thing to add: some scientists say taking medicine when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn’t have a way to fight and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own.
1. Why can’t scientists find a cure for the cold?A.Because there are many kinds of cold viruses. |
B.Because scientists spend too much time on space. |
C.Because scientists believe people can get better without any medicine. |
D.Because scientists haven’t found the right time to start yet |
A.What you should do when a virus attacks your body? |
B.How you feel when you get a cold after a big rain? |
C.You will always have a runny nose, after you get a cold. |
D.You feel terrible, but your body is fitting with the cold viruses. |
A.They eat sweet snacks. | B.They have cold juice. |
C.They take hot showers. | D.They drink salty water. |
A.There are 22 different cold viruses in the world. |
B.You get a fever, because the cold viruses are killing you. |
C.Different people have different ways to cure the cold. |
D.Scientists always think taking medicine is good when you have a cold. |
A.In a storybook. | B.In a history book. |
C.In a meeting report. | D.In a science magazine |
【推荐2】When we think of famous inventors, we usually think of men like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison.
Let’s take the dishwasher(洗碗机) as an example.
The car was invented by a man.
根据短文内容,从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。
A.If nobody else is going to invent a dishwasher, then I will! |
B.But they didn’t solve all the problems. |
C.However, it was a woman who solved one of the biggest problems of driving. |
D.But many of the things that make our lives easier today were invented by women. |
E.They had to open the window. |
F.It was invented by a woman named Josephine Cochran in 1886. |
【推荐3】In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet. They can’t talk. They can’t walk. And they can’t think like us.
Or can they? A new TV show gives us a new look at plants. Shown on Jan. 10 on Bilibili, it tells the secret lives of plants, and the wonderful and unbelievable ways that plants work.
Plants compete against each other to live. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “battlefield”. Only two percent of the sunlight gets through it. Some plants spread their big leaves to reach light. But other plants may catch them up and get a lift. Finally, they are both overtaken (超过) by a fast-growing tree. Similarly, some trees may give out something to protect themselves.
Plants also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, if a tree finds water, it will share it with others. Studies also show that plants use fungus (真菌) in the soil as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of like how Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets a leaf disease, it can tell nearby plants about it.
The TV show not only makes us amazed at the plant world but pushes us to understand that plants are important. “Plants are the needs of all life, including ourselves. We depend upon them for every mouth of food that we eat and every lungful of air that we breathe.”, said David, the director of the show. It’s time to look after wild plants just as carefully as our houseplants.
1. We can learn from the passage that plants ________.A.can’t talk with each other | B.aren’t able to walk |
C.can help each other in need | D.are in great danger |
A.plants with small leaves get sunlight more easily |
B.about 2% of plants can live in rainforests |
C.plants in desert keeps water all by themselves |
D.plants will know about the closer plants’ illnesses |
A.showing numbers | B.giving examples |
C.raising questions | D.making discussions |
A.plants are difficult to study | B.houseplants also need our attention |
C.plants play a big role in our lives | D.many wild plants are endangered |
From homes and schools to hospitals and factories, robots are part of our lives. Today, people around the world are using about 3.5 million (百万) robots. They do dangerous, hard or boring tasks. They make our lives easier. Let’s meet some of them.
I am LOVOT from Japan. I can accompany (陪伴) people. Look at my furry body, round head and big eyes. I look like a mix of a penguin, an owl and a teddy bear! You can tickle (挠……的痒痒) me and I’ll laugh. You can talk to me and I’ll move my arms up and down to ask you for a hug. You can rock (摇晃) me in your arms. I’ll close my eyes and sleep. | |
Hey, your hamburger is here! I’m Rice, a delivery (快递) robot from Hong Kong. I work in shopping malls or offices. I use maps and sensors (传感器) to get around. I can move 4 km per hour. I use elevators (电梯) to go up and down. What do you want? I am on my way to bring it to you. | |
Have you seen me before? I am Pepper. I’m from Japan. I look like a human, don’t I? I can move freely and communicate with people. I am good at answering people’s questions in companies, subway stations and hospitals. |
A.About 3,500,000. | B.About 350,000. | C.About 35,000. |
A.talking to it | B.rocking it to sleep | C.playing soccer with it |
A.moves 4 km per hour | B.uses maps and sensors in its body | C.uses elevators to go up and down |
A.in hospitals | B.on farms | C.in subway stations |
A.science magazine | B.storybook | C.diary |
Have you ever imagined an AI restaurant? Have you ever dreamed to be served by robots in a restaurant?
A.It can serve more than 1000 dishes, including Chinese food and Western food. |
B.And they can work a long time without a rest. |
C.Now your dream can be realized. |
D.So however late you are off work, you can pack meals out. |
E.This AI restaurant is popular for its high quality and low price. |
【推荐3】A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight getting power from the holder’s body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.
Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google’s international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.
Winning the science and technology competition was “a surprise”. Ann said, “I think it will have a great influence on my future.”
Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors (晶体管).
Ann’s prize includes $25,000 and a “once in a-lifetime experience” from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.
The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friend’s experience. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw her friend couldn’t study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries—Hollow Flashlight.
In her project, Ann wrote “I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder’s body and the environment around to produce light.”
A video of Ann explaining how she created the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet.
Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together.
The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of students in 120 countries.
1. The first paragraph is written to be a(n) ________.A.warning | B.introduction | C.argument | D.discussion |
A.what Ann saw in the Philippines | B.how Ann’s family encouraged her interest |
C.why Ann invented Hollow Flashlight | D.what prize Ann got for Hollow Flashlight |
A.Technology. | B.Culture. | C.Travel. | D.Advertisement. |
A.it’s easy to win the international science competition |
B.Ann has made a decision to be a scientist in the future |
C.few people are interested in how Ann created the flashlight |
D.Hollow Flashlight is safe, noiseless and can save energy |
1. My parents always want me to stay at home and don`t allow me to go out with my friends. 2. I want to study English well, but I always forget what the teacher said in class. I`m so frustrated(泄气). 3. Rita lost her job and she wants to look for another job. 4. My sister can`t see anything clearly. She is too anxious. 5. Miss Tang bought a new house. Now she wants to look for a painter(油漆工) | A. Doctor Li Are you worried about your eyes? We have the best instrument and everything will be Ok. Just call 685-6034 at any time. B. Gardener Wanted The Flower Garden needs a gardener. If you`re good at gardening, please call 486-3936. C. The best Painter Are you looking for a painter for your house? We`re the best. Call 024-5555555. D. Do you always disagree with your parents? Come here and we can help you. E. Knowledge Store Do you like Yang Lan? Her new book comes out. Just come here for it. F. English Corner in the School Do you usually feel frustrated about English? Why not join us? We can talk about our trouble with native speakers. G. On Sale Good clothes are sold at a very low price. Just come to Nancy Store if you need. |
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【推荐2】Hover Camera(无人相机)
Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight(一夜成名) because of the invention.
Forget selfie sticks(自拍杆)! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.
*It can fly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.
*It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机).
*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.
*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.
Mr. Wang also said, “The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. It’s very light and small. It can be folded(折叠) in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”
It’s reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is still being tested(测试), Hover Camera can be bought later this year.
The price has not yet been decided. But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600.
1. Hover Camera can ________.A.swim in the water | B.fly in the midair | C.change its weight | D.be used as a phone |
A.pull | B.follow | C.push | D.show |
A.It’s light and small. | B.It can be folded in three. |
C.It doesn’t need power. | D.Only a smartphone can make it land. |
A.How can we control Hover Camera? | B.When can we buy Hover Camera? |
C.How much is Hover Camera? | D.How popular will Hover Camera be? |
A.brave | B.quiet | C.creative | D.humorous |
【推荐3】The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for Chinese people all around the world.The celebration usually last(持续) for 15 days. On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have a big dinner. The most popular food on this day is dumplings.
Days before the Spring Festival, families will clean their homes. People think cleaning sweeps away bad luck. It makes the house ready for good luck.
The colour red is everywhere during the Spring Festival. People think red is a happy colour and will bring them a bright future. People wear red, too. They decorate(装饰)their homes with pieces of red paper. Kids get a lot of “Hongbao”. It is a red paper bag with money in it. Usually, older people give younger ones Hongbao. They think it brings good luck.
The Spring Festival is the time to make everybody happy. So don't say any bad words or do anything that will bring unhappiness to other people. You should not say any bad words like “death”(死亡).Don't break(打破) anything. People think that it means your luck is running out.
1. Why do people clean their houses days before the Spring festival?A.The house is dirty. | B.To sweep bad luck away. | C.People have nothing to do. |
A.Eat dumplings. | B.Break the plates. | C.Wear red clothes. |
A.The celebration usually lasts for one month. |
B.Spring Festival only celebrated in China. |
C.Spring Festival is a time for families to get together. |