Braille is a special reading and writing system. People who are blind can use it to read by touch. In the Braille letters, raised dots(点) spell out words and numbers. High level Braille even uses short symbols for common words, like when someone texts “ttyl” instead of “talk to you later.”
Recently, researchers have discovered that some people who read Braille by touch use the same part of their brains to read as people who can see do. They studied the brains of blind readers as they touch-read Braille. If brains were organized based on which sense is at work, the researchers explained, the test would mostly find activity in the readers’ parietal lobes(顶叶)—an area of the brain connected with touch. Instead, the researchers also found activity in the area connected with sight.
How would touch information reach a brain area usually used to see? Researchers believe the process connects to our brains’ abilities to change. They explain that in people who are born blind, the area used for seeing goes unused. However, the brain quickly begins to recruit unused areas for new jobs, including language, hearing, and finally reading and math. It does this by forming new connections among the neurons(神经元). This can change how information reaches different areas in the brain.
This ability of our brains to reorganize after an injury(损伤) or other challenge is called plasticity. The brain is most plastic at birth. Research has shown that people born blind use the area of the brain connected with sight during Braille reading more than those who lost their sight later on. However, the brain seems to never lose the ability. A recent study showed that sighted people who read Braille skillfully also showed some activity in the area of the brain connected with sight. They only touched the Braille text without seeing it. It seems that our brains are good at breaking the rules and dealing with information in new ways.
1. What can we know about Braille according to Paragraph 1?
A.High level Braille uses words more often. |
B.The blind read Braille by touching the raised dots. |
C.People use it to text to others through mobile phone. |
D.It’s a difficult reading and listening system for the blind. |
A.The area only connected with touch. | B.The area only connected with sight. |
C.The areas connected with both touch and sight. | D.The area connected with neither touch nor sight. |
A.We were recruited to help collect donations for the charity. |
B.Our mind will recruit different resources to help us solve problems. |
C.John was a young recruit in the organization and needed to be trained. |
D.I wanted to make my mark as the new officer at a recruit training center. |
A.Sighted people may have great brain plasticity. |
B.Only injured and disabled people can have plasticity. |
C.Sighted people can’t read Braille as well as the blind. |
D.Our brains will lose the ability to reorganize when we grow up. |
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【推荐1】Perhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it, do you know? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computer together around the world.
Maybe that doesn’t sound very interesting. But when you are joined to the internet, there are lots and lots of things you can do. You can send e-mail to your friends, and they can get them in a few seconds. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).
There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the internet. Most of them are small machines sitting on people’s desks at home, but there are still many others in schools, offices, or large companies. These computers are owned by people and companies, but no one really owns the internet itself.
There are lots of places for you to go into the internet. For example, your school may have the internet. You use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the internet. You are welcome to use it at any time.
Thanks to the internet, the world is becoming small. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the information you need. You can buy or sell what ever you want by the internet. But do you know 98% of the information on the internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?
1. What is the passage mainly about?A.internet | B.information | C.computers | D.E-mails |
A.by post | B.by e-mail | C.by telephone | D.by satellite |
A.in the office | B.at school | C.at home | D.in the company |
A.The headmaster | B.The officer | C.The user | D.No one |
A.English is important in using the internet. |
B.The internet is more and more popular. |
C.Most of the information is in English. |
D.Every computer must have the internet. |
On August 20, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng did the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission (任务). They set up equipment (设备) and lifted a camera outside the Tiangong space station (空间站).
A spacesuit is like a small station.
Astronauts are connected to the space station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for them to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist (手腕).
Each suit costs around 30 million yuan and it takes four months to make just one!
A.The first generation of Feitian suit was made in 2008 |
B.It has everything astronauts need when they carry out a spacewalk |
C.while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years |
D.Spacewalks can be dangerous |
E.Astronauts can check their suits by looking at it |
At 00:23 on Oct. 16, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft rose into the sky. Three Chinese astronauts — Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu — set off for the Tiangong space station.
During their six-month stay, they will set up robotic arms and do medical experiments, among other tasks.
It’s not an easy job to do all things. Chinese astronauts get difficult training before going to space. As People’s Daily reported, all the Chinese astronauts are excellent pilots with hundreds or even thousands of hours of flight time.
One of the hardest parts is the high-G training. It simulates(模拟) the environment when the spacecraft takes off.
A.Take a look at the training they underwent to prepare for this historical mission. |
B.Sitting-in a super-fast spinning(旋转) machine, astronauts’ face muscles(肌肉) change shape. |
C.They also receive hundreds of classes to prepare for space travel. |
D.Astronauts must drive the spacecraft under these conditions. |
E.Wang Yaping will become the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk. |
F.It simulates a weightless environment. |
【推荐1】In Lopburi, Thailand, there is an interesting festival—the Monkey Buffet Festival (猴子自助餐节). It is on the last Sunday of November and it is a great day for monkeys. People there think monkeys can bring good luck to them, so they have this special (特别的) festival to thank monkeys. Now, the monkey is one of Lopburi’s symbols.
Every year on that day, people prepare (准备) more than 300 kg of fruit, vegetables, cakes and even drinks for the monkeys. About 20,000 monkeys enjoy their delicious food during the festival. People from different places come to see the monkeys on that day.
During the festival, there are a lot of interesting activities (活动) about monkeys. People always dress up as (打扮成) monkeys and they sing, dance and play music on the street. People take photos of the monkeys and play with them. Everyone has a great time there.
Monkeys are smart animals. They always live in groups. When they are in danger, they fight with their enemies (敌人). Most of them live in the trees. They are good at climbing trees. Monkeys can do some easy work for people. They can even work out some easy maths problems.
1. The Monkey Buffet Festival is in _________ in Thailand.A.September | B.November | C.December |
A.Because monkeys are cute. |
B.Because monkeys are their friends. |
C.Because they think the monkey is a symbol of good luck. |
A.Sing and dance. | B.Work out maths problems. | C.Eat all kinds of delicious food. |
A.The festival is interesting. | B.Monkeys are smart animals. | C.Monkeys are in danger now. |
A.Monkeys are smart animals. | B.Monkeys’ favorite food. | C.A festival for monkeys. |
We all know that animals are better at some things and we can usually explain (解释) why animals can do them better than us. One of the skills which many animals have is homing instinct (本能). These animals such as pigeons, bees, salmons, frogs and cats can find their way home, sometimes making trips of hundreds of kilometers back home. In our daily life, we can make use of an animal’s homing instinct. Pigeons, for examples have been used to carry messages or letters in times of war. Nowadays some people join in the Pigeon Association (协会) with the pigeons they have trained because they look on pigeon racing as a hobby.
There are many interesting stories of the homing instinct at work. In the USA a cat travelled (旅行) 1, 360 kilometers back to its old home after the owners moved, taking nearly a year over the trip. When we lose our kitten, we usually find her again near the house where she was born. We have a pond (水塘) in the garden where the frogs come back every year. I even heard a dog which was injured (受伤) by a car managed (设法) to take itself to the vet (兽医)! There are other wonderful stories about the homing instinct. But how do these animals find their way home? They don’t have satellite navigation (导航) with them, they can’t read maps and, as far as we know, they can’t ask each other for directions. It seems (似乎) that some animals, such as salmons, use their sense of smell to take them back to the place where they were born. Other animals such as birds and bees may use the sun, the stars and the moon to help them find their way. There is a theory (理论) that some animals have magnetic cells (磁细胞) in their brains (大脑) which help them to find their way. As far as cats are concerned, nobody really knows how their homing instinct works and I am sure cats are never going to give away their secrets (秘密).
1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Some people still take their pigeons to join in races now. |
B.Many animals can read maps and get back home on time. |
C.All the animals can use the sun to show them the way home. |
D.We really know how the animals can find their way home. |
A.Animals’ Skill of Going Back Home |
B.Animals and Their Living Habits |
C.A Good Way of Training Animals |
D.A Useful Learning Skill for Animals |
A.watch the animals and make diaries about their habits |
B.make and tell new interesting stories about the animals |
C.love the animals and help them to go back their homes |
D.make more study and find out the secrets of the animals |
【推荐3】Sometimes we all have this problem: We know the face, but why not the name?
When you meet someone, you may be focused on impressing the person with your skill and professional knowledge rather than learning more about them. You introduce yourselves and shake hands. But when you meet the person again at the event, why do you draw a blank?
“One of the biggest problems is that people don’t really hear the name,” says Kevin Horsley, a master of memory and writer of Unlimited Memory. “They’re not really concentrating (集中注意力) because they’re trying to be interesting instead of trying to be interested.” The bottom line: Thinking of a name is difficult when you haven’t taken the time to listen to it.
When you study a new subject at school or prepare for a presentation at work, it takes time to learn the material. You study and review the subject matter before a test or a meeting with a client (客户). It is the same as meeting someone once and expecting their name to appear in your mind. Horsley describes this as the “tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon (舌尖现象)”. You can’t remember the name because you never learned it properly.
There are ways to improve your recall ability.
It is easier to find something you have forgotten from your mind a short time before. Horsley recommends going back to someone shortly after your first meet. While at a party, you could say, “Hi, Jill.” Then two minutes later say, “I’m sorry, you said Jill?” This process is a predictor (预示) of whether or not you’ll know the name later.
More importantly, consider changing your mind. As with any skill, if you think you are unable to master it, you may not make an effort to improve. “There’s not such thing as a good or bad memory for names,” says Horsley. “There’s only a good or bad method.”
1. What do you pay more attention to when you meet someone for the first time?A.Your own abilities. | B.Others’ names. | C.Others’ appearances. | D.Your clothes. |
A.draw a picture | B.forget something on purpose |
C.cover something completely | D.be unable to remember something |
A.What people should do when first meeting someone. |
B.What is usually on people’s mind when meeting someone new. |
C.Why people are not able to remember a person’s name. |
D.How to improve people’s ability to remember someone’s name. |
A.Study a new subject at school. |
B.Have a second conversation after a short time. |
C.Introduce themselves to others again and again. |
D.They can give nice presents to others after meeting for the first time. |