Does Music Make You Smarter?
What interests many parents is that musical training improves the development of the brain — that “music makes us smarter”. According to a study published by the UK’s largest music education body, 7 out of every 10 children say they presently play a musical instrument. Whether this figure (数字) shows that most parents do believe the statement, or whether the potential benefits of music are hard to ignore (忽视). Ongoing research looks for suggestive evidence proving that musical training may actually strengthen the so-called “smart skills”.
The relationship between music and memory has long been the subject of research. In the 2003 study by The Chinese University of Hong Kong were 90 boys between the ages of 6 and 15, half of whom had 1 to 5 years of musical training and half of whom had none at all. Each of them had a memory test, with the musically trained students recalling more words, and being able to memorize more words after 30 minutes. One year later, a follow-up study showed that those students who had continued training, as well as novices who had recently begun musical training, both showed improvement in retention. However, students who had stopped music practice fewer than three months after the first study showed no further improvement. These results suggest that music training might improve memory function.
There is also increasing evidence that musical training may result in structural changes to the brain. Noticeable differences have been found between the brains of musicians and non-musicians. The size of those areas of the musician’s brain connected with hearing and visuospatial abilities is larger. A 2014 study found that the part of the cortex (大脑皮层) was thicker in children who had taken musical training.
However, like many scientific studies, research into the benefits of music remains ongoing, with many different opinions. Some deny (否认) that music makes people smarter. Others think that people who are naturally gifted in the cognitive (认知的) functions are simply more likely to play musical instruments. It would therefore be premature (草率的) to state without any doubt that music makes people smarter. Whatever the truth behind the statement that “music makes us smarter”, it should eventually come second only to the fact that music is one of life’s greatest pleasures.
1. The studies by The Chinese University of Hong Kong show that ________.A.most parents believe the statement |
B.people who take musical training might be happier |
C.musical training may result in changes to the brain |
D.musical training might improve students’ ability to remember things |
A.memory | B.practice | C.train | D.subject |
A.People have different opinions on whether music can make them smarter. |
B.A child whose cortex is thicker prefers to take musical training. |
C.70 percent of students like playing musical instrument. |
D.Students who had taken the test had continued training. |
A.To stress that musical training may benefit the brain. |
B.To show that finding pleasure in music is important. |
C.To suggest that people learn a musical instrument. |
D.To remind that musicians are usually smart. |
相似题推荐
Music is an international language. The songs that are sung or played by instruments are beautiful to all people everywhere.
Popular music singers make much money. They make CDs or tapes which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country, young people will buy his or her tapes.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans.
A.Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. |
B.Another is called Western or Country music. |
C.Popular music in America is what every student likes. |
D.Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. |
E.Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. |
F.The singer won’t receive the money from these tapes. |
G.There are also many people who love country music. |
From Asia to America and everywhere in between, Swing-an energetic form of dance that includes six-step and eight-step rhythms(节奏) - has taken the world by storm. Making a recent comeback, swing dance floors have popped up all over the world. Many clubs make fans of Swing happy by holding nights when swing music is played, and sometimes even offering classes to attract customers.
Though Swing is now popular worldwide, it first appeared alongside the jazz movements of the 1920s and 1930s in New York City. While listening to jazz, the young black people of that time developed the movements of the Lindy Hop - a style of dance that is best known for a break away or ‘swing out’ move and sudden improvisation(即兴表演).
It was reportedly given this name when a reporter was interviewing a person at the dance hall who was watching other couples dance. When asked what that dance was called, the watcher looked at a newspaper next to him that had an article about Lindbergh- the first person to fly alone across the Atlantic(大西洋)-which was titled, ‘Lindy Hops the Atlantic’. Then the watcher announced that the ‘Lindy Hop’ was the name of the dance, and it has stuck since then.
In 1926, the Savoy Ballroom was the first large business to offer a place for people to listen to swing music and dance. With its huge dance floor, the Savoy became a big success overnight, attracting some of the best dancers and musicians in the New York area.
Within ten years, the Lindy Hops was sweeping through the United States and became a symbol of unity, as young people of all racial(种族的)backgrounds crowded into dance halls to swing the night away. Traditional dance teachers did not welcome it because they thought it was not even a real dance and were quite sure about its demise but Swing has proved them wrong; it continues to be one of the world’s most fun dances.
1. The writing purpose of this passage is __________.
A.to introduce a popular form of dance |
B.to discover the fun secrets of a dance |
C.to tell stories about an energetic dance |
D.to describe the special moves of a dance |
A.Challenge. | B.Change. | C.Development. | D.Death. |
A.It’s a lively dance with strict rules. |
B.It has a close connection to a pilot. |
C.It has a history of around 90 years. |
D.It attracts mostly young black people. |
A.The dance style will soon be accepted by traditional dance teachers. |
B.The name was changed from ‘Lindy Hop’ to ‘Swing’ in the 1940s. |
C.The movements of different Swing dancers always look the same. |
D.The dance might have become unpopular sometime in its history. |
Koto | It isn’t the Chinese instrument Guzheng, but a traditional (传统的) Japanese instrument named Koto. It is about 180cm long and has 13 strings. |
Balalaika | Is this a picture of Chinese Piba? No, this instrument is from Russia (俄国). It has a triangle-shaped body and three strings. It comes in six different sizes. |
Erhu | This two-string instrument comes from China. Its history goes back to more than 1,000 years ago. The music Erquanyingyue played on Erhu is very famous. |
Domra | It is a Russian instrument with a round body and three or four strings. It looks like a guitar, but guitars have a straight neck and six or more strings on it. |
Tabla | It comes from India. It’s made up of two drums. One is small and the other is big. There are many different kinds of Tabla in the world. |
Please visit http:// yueqi. baike. com/ for more information.
1. The underlined word “string” means ___________in Chinese.
A.边 | B.柄 |
C.弦 | D.键 |
A.8. | B.7. |
C.6. | D.5. |
A.Balalaika. | B.Erhu. |
C.Domra. | D.Koto |
A.It’s from Japan. |
B.It’s about 180cm long. |
C.The two drums are of the same size. |
D.We can find different kinds of Tabla in the world. |
A.on the Internet | B.in a newspaper |
C.in a book | D.on a map |
【推荐1】If we compare active listening with passive listening, is one better than the other? As we will find one is better than the other for many situations but not necessarily all. Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires people pay all their attention to someone else. A necessary part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices (偏见) and strong wishes, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. That means if you want to listen well you should have a short acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be completed only by the will to improve oneself for the growth of each other.
Most of the time, we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain expected results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is always therapeutic (有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of psychotherapy (心理疗法), before any of the causes of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this experience, but the most important among them, I believe, was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.
1. Why do many people listen passively?A.Because listening passively is better than listening actively. |
B.Because they like to pay attention to what they are talking. |
C.Because they are not willing to speak to others patiently. |
D.Because they don’t want to care what they are listening. |
A.happening immediately | B.lasting for a short time |
C.having no reasons | D.trying your best |
A.people always listened actively to make work easily |
B.people often listen purposefully in communication |
C.people like to set aside their prejudices to listen well |
D.people are willing to open up their mind while listening |
A.The doctor realized that patients needed to be truly listened. |
B.The patients could be better soon if they were taken good care of. |
C.True communication needs speakers to accept other person’s ideas. |
D.Most people do not listen well because listening is a passive process. |
Henan with an area of 167, 000 square kilometers (64, 479 square miles) lies in the east-central part of China. It borders with Anhui and Shandong to the east, Shanxi and Hebei to the north, Shaanxi to the west and Hubei to the south. At present, Henan has a population of 9936, 5519. Henan has a warm-temperate climate. Dry and windy in winter and spring, the province is hot and rainy in summer and hot in strong sunlight during the autumn months.
The name of the province Henan comes from its geographic location. Henan means ‘the south of the river’, showing that the province lies in the south of China’s Yellow River. Given the higher location, Henan is an important traffic center. It is also the cradle of Chinese civilization since it had been the political, economic and cultural center of the country for more than 3, 000 years. More than 20 capitals were set here in history and the four great inventions of ancient China were all created from Henan.
A visit to Henan is like a talk with many historical places. While traveling to Henan, you cannot miss the Zhengzhou’s Shaolin Temple, Luoyang’s Longmen Grottoes, Sanmenxia’s Hangu Pass, and Kaifeng City Wall.
①Henan province whose location is on the Yellow River is considered the cradle of Chinese civilization because of its history and culture.②This rich historic heritage has leftitwith a large number of historic treasures, from earliest houses to earliest articles for daily use.③The remains of some of the earliest human homes have been discovered here, including the over 7000-year-old Peiligang Culture Site, the 6000-year-old Yangshao Culture Remains and the 5000-year-old Dahe Culture Remains.④All these cultural remains have great meanings in the history of Chinese civilization.
Word Bank Location位置 Cradle摇篮 Civilization文明 Heritage遗产 |
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. Which province lies on the south of Henan?
A.Shanxi. | B.Anhui. | C.Hebei. | D.Hubei. |
A.Because over 20 capitals were set here. |
B.Because it lies in the south of Yellow River. |
C.Because it is the cradle of Chinese civilization. |
D.Because the four great inventions were created from Henan. |
A.By telling a story. | B.By giving some examples. |
C.By offering advice. | D.By comparing with others. |
A.China. | B.The Yellow River. | C.Henan. | D.Chinese civilization. |
A.①②/③④. | B.①/②③④. | C.①②③/④. | D.①/②③/④. |
Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100,000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.
What causes hair loss? There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition(养护)your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.
Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding(脱落). People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It’s normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.
Why do humans have hair on their heads? Most other mammals(哺乳动物)have thick fur(毛)covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine(细微的)hairs on much of their skin, it’s much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands(汗腺)than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.
1. How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.3 | B.4 | C.5 | D.6 |
A.wearing a hat all the time | B.washing your hair correctly |
C.brushing or combing hair gently | D.conditioning your hair |
A.进化 | B.发育 | C.天生 | D.训练 |
A.In general, it’s easier for young people to lose hair than old people. |
B.The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather. |
C.If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor for help. |
D.All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands. |
【推荐1】You are walking down the street. Suddenly it starts to rain and you don’t have an umbrella. What do you do? Run or walk?
Most people would rather run because it will get you out of the rain faster. But if you run, you also run into more raindrops. So what should you do?
Things are more complicated (复杂的) than you might think. Franco Bocci, a professor at the University of Brescia in Italy, found that whether you should travel slowly or quickly in rain depends on the wind’s direction and your body’s shape, according to the BBC.
When there is no wind, and the rain lands directly on you, Bocci suggests that you should run and hide as fast as possible. But if the wind comes from behind and blows the rain onto your back, the best thing to do is to walk at the same speed as the wind. This way, both your front and back will stay mostly dry.
This is not all. When the wind blows in from the side, you’ll have to think about one more thing-your body shape. Thinner people are hit by fewer raindrops. In this case, a fatter person had better run while a thinner person should still try to match their speed to the wind.
“In general, the best thing is to run, as fast as you can not always, but in general, “ Bocci told BBC News, “If you’re really thin, it’s more probable that there will be an optimal speed. Otherwise it is better to run fast.”
Now you know what to do next time the rain catches you in the middle of the street. But the best way to stay dry is still to carry an umbrella.
1. You should run in the rain depends on ________ according to Bocci’s study.①how fast you can run ②your body’s size
③Show heavy the rain is ④wind’s direction
A.②④ | B.③③ | C.①③ | D.①② |
A.there is no wind | B.the wind is from the side |
C.the wind is from behind | D.the wind is from the front |
A.whatever the wind direction, less rain will hit you |
B.more raindrops will hit you when the wind blows sideways |
C.just walk at the same speed as the wind to stay as dry as possible |
D.you should run and hide as fast as possible when there is no wind |
A.keep slim | B.get away from the rain |
C.match our speed to the wind | D.judge the direction of the wind |
【推荐2】Every kid has his or her own favorites. Dolls, dinosaurs, remote controls and cellphones—they might have a toy box with all kinds of playthings to keep them excited, but there’s a favorite they always reach for first—cars. Although the sex difference in the toy world remains, it’s not only little boys who are drawn to all things with wheels. That my 20-month-old daughter dotes on the red bus toy proves this.
From age 0 to 2, children are in the sensorimotor (感觉运动的) stage of development, explains Alyssa Wilkins. “They are learning by taking in everything through their senses — sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing,” Wilkins says. “Toys and real-life objects like cars are very sensorially engaging. Kids can interact with toy cars, trucks and so on through spinning (旋转) their wheels, watching them move in different directions, or hearing the sounds they make.”
Also, kids are just naturally drawn to loud and moving objects. “They see the lights on the cars and the rolling wheels, and hear the sound of the running engine. It’s very attractive.” Wilkins says. “Kids will always be drawn to attractive and loud things because that is what engages (吸引……的注 意) their brain and sensory systems.”
Another attraction of toy vehicles is that they’re typically small enough to fit in a child’s hand. Cars become the favorite of both boys and girls because they can put their cars in their pockets or carry them around. A car is also a cause-and-effect toy—it teaches children that their actions can make something happen. “It’s super interesting and exciting for kids to learn that they can change something in their environment and they may feel proud of what they have done.” Capanna-Hodge says.
Every child is unique in how they play with toys, and the reasons for their play style may be different and complex. Finally, how your kids play with their toy vehicles could be a little window into what controls or excites them.
1. What does the underlined phase “dotes on” in Paragraph 1 mean?A.turns down | B.is crazy about |
C.runs into | D.stays away from |
A.The influence from parents. | B.The shape of toy vehicles, |
C.The exciting sensory input | D.The peaceful learning environment. |
A.The smaller the toy vehicles are, the more the kids like them. |
B.Boys perform better than girls while playing with toy vehicles. |
C.The more toy vehicles the kids have, the more benefits the kids get. |
D.Kids can have a sense of achievement from playing with toy vehicles. |
A.Why toy vehicles are kids’ favorites? |
B.How toy vehicles can increase kids’ five sense? |
C.Why parents choose toy vehicles for their kids? |
D.How parents can encourage kids to play with toy vehicles? |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
In many ways, our memories define (定义) our sense of self. You first have a sense of yourself early in life, perhaps as young as 18 months, when you recognize that the little baby you see in the mirror is really you, and not another child. As you progress through childhood and into teenage years, you start to develop a set of views about your identity (身份), including how your body looks and performs, your abilities, your personality and your place in society.
While we are growing up, we start to create our own descriptions about the events we have gone through, or what I call the “life story”. Our identities are shaped by our life stories, as the memories of these stories gradually become a part of our sense of self. Of all these memories, the most important are “self-defining memories”. They are remembered most clearly and can help to build up our overall sense of self most greatly.
Learning to recognize your own self-defining memories can help you gain important insights about your identity. The easiest way to discover your own self-defining memories is by thinking about the events in your life that you are most likely to tell other people about when they say “tell me a little about yourself”.
However, self-defining memories are always changing as you experience more events. They may vary according to your age and what you care about in present life.
In a study, scientists compared older adults with college students. They found that older adults were more likely to feel more positively (正面地) about their self-defining memories, even if the memories were of events that were negative in nature. A similar study also suggests that older adults have found ways to make sense out of their life stories. They turn memories of troubling events into positive stories, and in this way, they make peace with their past struggles (挣扎). For younger adults, troubling events cause them to experience more pain when they recall them. As scientists have discovered, a self-defining memory does not have to be positive in order for you to grow from it. It’s not the event, but the meaning you make out of the event, that affects (影响) your sense of well-being.
Discovering your self-defining memories is an important step in dealing with your life experiences. By recognizing and making sense out of past events, your identity can continue to grow and improve how you see yourself, both now, and in the future.
1. What can we learn from the passage?A.Our self-defining memories have little to do with age. |
B.Our own descriptions of life experiences shape our identity. |
C.We should share positive life stories when introducing ourselves. |
D.We start to have self-defining memories when we are 18 months old. |
A.important events can be changed by time |
B.older adults have few troubling life events |
C.making sense out of memories helps us to grow |
D.self-discovery happens during positive experiences |
A.Self-defining memories: How others get to know you |
B.Self-defining memories: A collection of pleasant memories |
C.Self-defining memories: A great way to understand yourself |
D.Self-defining memories: Describing your best self to the world |