A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs l.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?
If you answered 10 cents, you are not alone—most people give the same answer（the answer is wrong）. It’s an example of how we often depend on intuitive responses（直觉反应）—answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says cognitive scientist Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time “reflecting and checking whether the answer…is right or wrong.”
The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in fake（虚假的）news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. But “the trick with fake news is to know to verify”—in other words, to stop and check what you know.
In one experiment, Sloman and a colleague invented a discovery called helium rain. They told a group of volunteers about it, but they did not fully explain what it was. They then asked the volunteers to rate（评等级）their own understanding of helium rain. Most volunteers rated themselves 1 out of 7, meaning they didn’t understand it.
The researchers then told another group of volunteers about the discovery. This time, they said the scientists could full y explain how it works. The volunteers gave an average answer of 2. The scientists’ confidence gave the volunteers an increased sense of their own understanding of it, Sloman says.
According to Sloman, studies show that knowledge spreads like a contagion（接触传染）. This idea can be seen in many fields, including politics（政治）. “If everyone around you is saying they understand why a politician is dishonest,” Sloman Bays, “then you are going to start thinking that you understand, too.”
So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train persons to check everything that they encounter（遇到）,” Sloman admitted. “It is just too human to believe what you are told.”
However, training people to care about fact-checking is important, he argued, especially in online communities. Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media feed every day. Probably these fit in with your own worldview—but perhaps not all of them are true.
“We should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman said, “Make sure if it is true before you believe.”
1. The writer uses the example of the bat and ball question to show that ________.| A．people often forget skills that they have learned at school |
| B．there is often more than one possible answer to a question |
| C．many people give quick responses without thinking carefully |
| D．people sometimes are too careless to get the right answers |
| A．5 cent. | B．10 cent. | C．15 cent. | D．20 cent. |
| A．some of the volunteers explained it to them |
| B．Sloman and his colleague showed them how it works |
| C．they heard that scientists could explain it confidently |
| D．they examined the conclusion carefully by themselves |
| A．It is important to do an experiment based on scientific research. |
| B．The second group of volunteers are more confident than the first. |
| C．People can be cheated easily because of too much fake news. |
| D．People should be trained to check before they believe something. |
相似题推荐
Cafe Espresso is loved by many coffee experts（行家） and is known as "The rose of coffee ". Espresso is made by forcing very hot water under high pressure through finely ground (细磨的） coffee. Crema, a heavy red-brown foam layer(泡沫层) , stands for good espresso. It tastes strong and bitter for those who are new to the coffee world.
Cafe Americano is an espresso shot (一份一盎司的浓缩咖啡)that tastes with hot water. It's said the name was given to Americans whom the Europeans believed didn't like drinking straight espressos. Americano is recommended to new coffee lovers who may find the espresso taste is too strong. In China, many coffee shops add cream and sugar to Americano to suit the taste of regular customers.
Cappuccino and Latte are the favorite kinds of coffee among girls, both consisting of espresso, steamed milk(热蒸奶)， and frothed milk(奶沫). All this makes the coffee taste weaker. Cappuccino has a thicker layer of frothed milk than latte. When enjoying a quality cup of Cappuccino, you are actually enjoying a moment of romance(浪漫).
Mocha is also a popular after-dinner coffee in the west. It is one part espresso with one part of chocolate syrup(糖浆) and two or three parts of frothed milk. Whipped cream(鲜奶油) on top is an option. For a friend who rarely drinks coffee but likes chocolate, mocha is the best choice.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. types of coffer are mentioned in the article.
| A．3 | B．4 | C．5 | D．6 |
| A．girls | B．boys |
| C．old men | D．old women |
| A．espresso | B．mocha |
| C．Americano | D．cappuccino |
| A．a thicker layer |
| B．streamed milk |
| C．a heavy red-brown foam layer |
| D．1 part of chocolate ,2 or 3 parts of frothed milk. |
| A．the source of coffee |
| B．the methods of drinking coffee |
| C．the spread of coffee |
| D．the structures of coffee |
【推荐2】Many boys get hooked (钩住) on the games and want to learn how to reprogram them to their interest. From this attraction they go on to learn how to design (设计) and create technology. Often they become the technologists of our society. They lead us through the great changes of the information age and redesign our culture.
Although there are some girl gamers, most females use the technology but do not design or invent it. In the US, only about 20 percent of computer science majors (专业) are female. And only about 17 percent of high school students taking the Advanced Placement Computer Science exam are female.
Though Women accounted for (占……比例) 46.6 percent of the US work force in 2005, they made up only 25 percent of the IT work force.
In the long term, the absence of women at the design table will affect the direction of its influence in society.
Is the absence of girls in computer science classes in high schools and colleges a matter of biology? Well, it maybe not.
Interviews with women who are studying computer science reveal (揭示) a connection they see between computing and other areas they want — like medicine, environmental protection and so on.
What would our world look like if there were larger numbers of female computer scientists?
It seems necessary to make sure that women are “drivers”, not just “passengers”. The computer gaming industry needs a new operating system.
| A．So, where are the girls? |
| B．But there is still no way at present to fix this. |
| C．They did not like just playing around with computers. |
| D．At least, products are being designed that do not meet the needs of women. |
| E．Children would be more likely to find and enjoy computer games filled with less blood and killing. |
| F．It matters a lot that the inventors, designers and creators of computer technology are mostly men and boys. |
【推荐3】Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees can communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation-their young trees?
Suzanne Simard, forest ecologist ( 生 态 学 家 ) at the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex (复杂的) than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (营养) such as nitrogen and carbon “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks. This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it influences all.
Simard talks about “Mother trees”. These are usually the largest, oldest plants on which all other trees depend. These “Mother trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how these trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important resources to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “Mother trees” without paying attention to these highly complex “tree societies” of the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.
“We didn't take any notice of it,” Simard says sadly. “Mother trees” move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance. If we could put across the message to the forestry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
1. The underlined part “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.| A．compete for survival | B．protect their own wealth |
| C．depend on each other | D．provide support for dying trees |
| A．bring more wealth to humans |
| B．pass on nutrition to young trees |
| C．look the largest in size in the forest |
| D．know more about the “tree societies” |
| A．how "tree societies" work | B．how trees grow old |
| C．how forestry industry develops | D．how young trees survive |
| A．trees aren't as complex as we think |
| B．Charles Darwin had the same opinion as Simard |
| C．if "Mother trees" are cut down, they won't make any difference to young trees |
| D．trees can share resources with other ones by the underground fungi networks |
【推荐1】Wang Yaping, 42, became China’s first female (女性的) spacewalker on the evening of Nov. 7th when she took part in the Shenzhou XIII mission’s first extravehicular activity (舱外活动) with Zhai Zhigang.
The extravehicular activity began at 6:51 p.m. when Zhai opened a gate. By midnight, they had climbed up the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice extravehicular activity, with Ye Guangfu remaining inside the station to control and support the spacewalk.
The spacewalk was expected to further check the robotic arm’s abilities,inspectthe safety and performance of support devices (设备) in an extravehicular task and test a new type of extravehicular clothes, because they would have one or two more spacewalks in the coming months.
As a native of Shandong Province and mother of a 6-year-old girl, Wang joined the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Air Force in August 1997. In June 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou X mission, which lasted nearly 15 days. She is the second Chinese woman to have flown in space.
During the Shenzhou X fight, Wang gave China’s first space-based class inside theTiangong-Ito more than 60 million Chinese students across the country. Many students were encouraged after watching Wang’s class. However, ________.They have to experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time.
She is such a great woman that people call her “the most beautiful astronaut”.
1. What does the underlined word “inspect” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?| A．训练 | B．检查 | C．经历 | D．购买 |
| A．To check the robotic arm’s abilities. |
| B．To climb up the station’s robotic arm. |
| C．To examine the safety of support devices. |
| D．To test a new type of extravehicular clothes. |
| A．it is not easy to be an astronaut |
| B．to give a class in space is cool |
| C．students may know nothing about space |
| D．students promise to be astronauts in the future |
| A．Wang is China’s first spacewalker to experience an extravehicular activity. |
| B．Wang took part in the Shenzhou X mission in August 1997. |
| C．Wang gave a space-based class inside theTiangong-Iin 2013. |
| D．Wang took part in the Shenzhou XIII mission by herself. |
①Some well-known traditional music was played by the China National Traditional Orchestra (中央民族乐团) in their concert on January 4. Audiences (观众) enjoyed the beautiful sounds guzheng, the powerful tunes of suona, the tearful notes of erhu and so on. Each traditional Chinese musical instrument tells its own story.
②“I’ve fallen in love with the sounds of traditional instruments, especially pipa, a four-stringed (弦) instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years. It can produce different sounds, such as the sounds of falling snow and raindrops. Every time I listen to a pipa tune, I have a strong feeling of peace,” said Yang Tian, an audience of the concert
③However, a recent report suggests
④In some traditional music concerts, VR (虚拟现实) technology is used to bring the star sky or the beautiful sandy view of Dunhuang to the music hall. It makes the experience like watching a 3-D movie.
⑤Li Xiaobing, a music teacher from Beijing, mixes traditional folk (民间) singing, opera and Chinese instruments through technology. People are surprised at his works and they love them!
⑧Some musicians try to add something new to traditional music. They bring modern music like pop and rap into traditional music. When the east meets the west, the new form of music wins the hearts of both the old and the young.
⑦Traditional music shows the beauty of our culture, and with some creativity, great things happen.
1. Which of the following can be put in the __________ in Paragraph 3?| A．pipa can not produce the sound of falling snow |
| B．traditional music is much better than modern music |
| C．the number of traditional music listeners is dropping |
| D．more young people show interest in traditional music |
| A．tells many tearful stories | B．makes good 3-D movies |
| C．mixes traditional music | D．sings pop and rap songs |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．traditional music should only be played in concerts |
| B．the ways to play traditional music must be changed |
| C．traditional music must remain unchanged all the time |
| D．traditional music with creativity will be more popular |
| A．A newspaper. | B．A history book. | C．A radio program. | D．A poster. |
Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I may not be able to come.” If you are unable to come after accepting the invitation, be sure to tell those who invite you in advance（提前）that you will not be there.
When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner, it is polite to bring small gifts with you, such as bottles of drink, flowers and chocolate. Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “
1. The best title of this passage is ________.
| A．Drop in anytime |
| B．Come and see me soon |
| C．Invitation in western countries |
| D．Westerners |
| A．go to Holland | B．go to a Dutch restaurant |
| C．pay your own bill | D．pay for him |
