【推荐1】Cancer is now the leading cause of death in wealthy countries. Researchers say cancer has replaced heart disease as the top killer in the industrial world.

If the trend continues, they predict cancer could become the leading cause of death worldwide later in this century. However, the news is not that deaths from cancer are increasing but that deaths from CVD（心血管疾病）are decreasing.

CVD is a group of medical conditions that include heart failure, heart attack and stroke. It remains the leading cause of death among middle-aged adults worldwide.

But when you only look at deaths in the industrial world - that is not the case. In those countries, the new report shows that cancer now kills two times as many people as CVD.

The findings were published in The Lancet, The research comes from a large, ongoing study called PURE. It is a project of the Population Health Research Institute of McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences in Canada.

The PURE researchers have been collecting information about people from over 20 high-, middle- and low-income countries. The data includes a person's medical history and individual behavior, such as physical activity and diet.

Salim Yusuf is a researcher on the PURE study and a professor of medicine at McMaster University. He also serves as head of the Population Health Research Institute. He explained the study's findings in a statement to the press.

“ The fact that deaths from cancer are now twice as frequent as deaths from CVD in high-income countries, ” Yusuf said,” shows a change in the main cause of death in middle-aged people. ” He added, “ As deaths from CVD decline（减少）in many countries because of prevention and treatment, cancer will likely become the leading cause of death globally in the future.”

【推荐2】It’s getting colder outside, and you know what that means—it’s time for flu season. Why do people get more colds, flu and now COVID-19 when it’s very cold outside?

In a new study, scientists have found the answer. It turns out that the cold air itself damages（被坏）the immune response（免疫反应）in our noses.

The nose is an important part of our body’s immune system. When a virus goes into the nose, the nose finds it, and the cells（细胞）there begin to create billions of simple copies of themselves called extracellular vesicles（EVs）.

“EVs can’t divide like cells can, but they are like little mini versions of cells that can kill the viruses,” Benjamin Bleier, the author of the study from Harvard Medical School, told CBS News. “They are like little arms that grab on to the viruses as you breathe them in.” Then, the viruses sticking to EVs will be got out from our body in the form of snot （鼻涕）.

However, when cold weather hits, the nose’s “superpower” becomes less powerful. The study found that when the temperature inside the nose drops by 5℃, nearly 50 percent of the billions of EVs will be taken out of the fight. “Cold air makes people catch viruses more easily because you have lost half of your immunity.” said Bleier.

This is why we should wear masks in winter. “Wearing masks can not only protect us from viruses, but it’s also like wearing a sweater on our nose.” Bleier said. The warmer you keep your nose, the better it works to fight against viruses.

In the future, Bleier expects to see the development of medicine that build upon this new finding. “Scientists may find a way to fool the nose into thinking it has just seen a virus.” Bleier said.

We touch our faces all the time, and it had never seemed to be a big problem. A recent study shows, touching our faces-the "T-zone" of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular-can mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.

This is why organizations like the Centers of Disease Control and Prevetion (CDC)have suggested that we should avoid touching our faces. Yet, stopping this "simple" behavior might be harder than you think because it's already fixed into our system. That is to say face-touching is subconscious, which means it's very hard to change "because you don't even know you're doing it", said Sawyer.

But face touching has its functions. Some face touching is an automatic behavior when there is an itch* on your nose, you'll scratch it without thinking. According to CNBC, a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stress and regulate mood. For example, you're more likely to do it when you feel nervous or embarrassed. According to Dacher Keltner, a professor at the University of California Berkeley, US, this action may also come with a social function: When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject, for example, touching your face is like "the curtain on a stage, closing up one act of the play, ushering in the next, "Keltner told the BBC.

You can't help touching your face, but you're not alone. In a 2015 study, where a group of medical students were filmed in class, it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 times an hour-with 44 percent of the touches being in the "T-zone". That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.

Since it's hard to shake the habit, maybe the easiest way is to wash our hands more often. This way, we can be sure that our hands are free from the virus.

Tips for keeping your hands away:

※ Tie up your hair so your face won't itch because of the stray hair.

※ Keep your hands occupied, e. g. with a stress ball.

※ Ask a friend to keep an eye on your hands.

【推荐1】A new kind of sea sponge (海绵) found in Norfolk, England, has been named by a nine-year-old girl after a competition for local schools.

The unique purple sponge, which had never been seen in other parts of the world, was first discovered by divers off the north Norfolk coast. Although found in 2011, it had been without a name for almost ten years. In January this year, the Marine Conservation Society(MCS)—a group of people who work to protect the UK’s seas and coasts—asked local schoolchildren to come up with suggestions.

Now the sponge has a name to be proud of: parpal dumplin, as suggested by nine-year-old Sylvie from Langham Village School. Sylvie said she came up with the name because “the sponge is purple and it looks like a dumpling”. Parpal dumplin is “purple dumpling” spoken in a Norfolk accent (口音). The judges all agreed that Sylvie’s suggestion should be the sponge’s name because “the spelling gives the sponge a strong connection to Norfolk”.

Sponges were once thought to be plants but they are actually simple sea animals. They feed on tiny things in sea water and help keep the water clean in the process (过程). Sponges have a very “lazy” lifestyle, with no means of moving themselves around. They are found on the seabed, rocks or even shells. They come in all kinds of different colors, shapes and sizes.

Parpal dumplin was first discovered in a place called the Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds as part of a project called Seasearch. When diver Dawn Watson showed sponge expert Clarie Goodwin what she found, Goodwin was sure that it was a kind of sponge unknown to science. Watson’s discovery is a special sponge, which takes the shape of whatever it covers. Parpal dumplin will now become its common name, and will be used until researchers have learned enough about it to suggest an official scientific one.

【推荐2】During ancient times, children didn’t have much to enjoy themselves. However, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood.

【推荐1】We look at people's physical appearance, such as eyes, hair, and height, all the time. When we meet someone we don't know, we create an idea of what that person is like in our mind. This is called a first impression.

How do we create first impressions of people? Most of the time, we see what the person looks like. For example, we may think that a person wearing glasses looks smart.

A writer, Malcolm Gladwell, wrote about how we make decisions using our first impressions. He did a survey of the leaders of big companies in the United States. He found that a lot of them were tall men—about 1.8 meters. Most men in the United States are about 1.75 meters tall. Gladwell says that we choose taller people to be our leaders without knowing it. This is because tall people feel like leaders to us. But not everyone agrees. We don't always make important decisions based on only our first impressions.

Giving people a good first impression can be important, like in a job interview. But first impressions are not always true. We often change how we feel about people when we know them better.

【推荐2】If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak, and when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.

When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.

If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault (过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents may be blamed, and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and when they have to remember things, they cannot write them down in a small notebook. As a result, they have to remember days, names, songs and stories, so their memory is being exercised the whole time.

So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: practice remembering things in a way as other people do.

【推荐3】Kids’ birthday party are more fun than adults’(成年人的) parties. You don’t have to be serious. And there are a few things for parents to remember when they want to have one for their kids.

Make a list(清单). Each kid wants different kinds of parties. Write down all your child’s ideas on a piece of paper and then get things ready according to(根据) the list.

Make invitations. Make sure you won’t have the party at the same time as your child’s soccer game. Make sure you write down the name of each guest, so you will know the number of the things you have to prepare, such as chairs and plates.

Buy something. If you go to a party store, they will have everything you need, and you won’t have to go to different stores to get everything ready.

You need to decide whether(是否) to buy a cake or make one. Decide what kind of food to have. Make sure to get the food ready on time.

You could have some drinks, such as Coke and juice. Having a small bottle of cold water is a good idea, too, especially(尤其) during hot weather.