Fun Facts about Our Moon
Have you ever noticed the ways the moon changes? The moon can be bright or dull. Sometimes, we don’t see the moon in the sky at all! Other times, the moon shows up even when the sun is out.
When the moon looks bright, it’s partly because of the sun. The moon has no light of its own. It only reflects the sun’s light. But how?
Think about daytime. The sun makes everything around you bright with light. During daytime, sunlight hits Earth’s surface and makes it bright. During nighttime, the sun is near another part of Earth’s surface, making that part bright, so you see darkness. At night, you also see the moon.
In the same way that sunlight shines on Earth’s surface and makes it bright, sunlight shines on the moon’s surface and makes that bright. Even though you can’t see the sun at night, sunlight reaches the moon’s surface. The sun acts like a giant flashlight in the sky that’s pointed at the moon.
Other things can make the moon look brighter or duller, too. Sometimes, the moon looks brighter because it’s closer to Earth. Fog and clouds in the sky can make the moon look dimmer.
The moon is always in the sky, but we don’t usually see it during daytime. One reason for this is that the sun is so powerful that it makes the sky very bright. The brightness makes the moon hard to see. Imagine turning on a flashlight in a darkroom and aiming it at a wall. You would see the flashlight’s bright light clearly. Now, imagine turning on a flashlight in a room that already has all the lights on. You would hardly see the light from the flashlight because the other lights are more powerful. The moon becomes difficult to see in daytime for the same reason.
The next time you see the big, bright moon in the sky, think of the sun shining its light onto it.
1. The word “reflects” in paragraph 2 probably means _______.| A．sends back | B．picks up | C．carries on |
| A．The moon cannot be seen in daytime. |
| B．The moon shines bright from the sun. |
| C．You can see the flashlight’s light in a bright room clearly. |
| A．The sunlight can shine on both the Earth’s surface and the moon’s surface. |
| B．The fog and clouds in the sky can make the moon brighter. |
| C．The moon becomes difficult to see in daytime because it’s closer to Earth. |
| A．To state reasons that make the sun look bright or dull. |
| B．To tell how darkness makes the moon look bright in the sky. |
| C．To explain reasons that make the moon look different sometimes. |
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【推荐1】There is a new sight in the sky these days —the newly-discovered Comet (彗星) NEOWISE is flying past the sun. This the first time since the 1990s when people have had a chance to see a comet with their bare eyes (裸眼).
A comet is basically a ball of dirty ice that moves around the sun. As a comet comes close to the sum, the sun melts some of the ice, which makes a tail behind the comet as it flies through space. Most comets move around the sun in a circle. Comets spend most of their time moving slowly, far away from the sun. As they pass the sun, they speed up.
The size and shape of a comets moving way can influence how long it takes to finish its one circle. Halley’s Comet is a famous comet coming around once every 75-76 years. But the last time Comet NEOWISE was here near the sun was about 6, 800 years ago. Because of the long time it takes to finish its one circle, NEO WISE was only just discovered some months ago. It was seen in March with a special space telescope run by NASA.
The name of the telescope system that first saw the comet is NEOWISE, so that’s how the comet got its name. NEOWISE is easy to see now because it is close to the sun. At its farthest, NEO WISE will be 630 times farther away from the sun than the earth is.
Even at its closest—which was on July 23 —the comet was still as far away from the earth as Mars was. But it was still bright enough to see, even without a telescope.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?| A．How the sun melts the things around it. | B．When you can see comets. |
| C．Some facts about comets. | D．Why comets have a tail behind them. |
| A．You can’t see Comet NEO WISE with your eyes easily. |
| B．Comet NEO WSE is more famous than Halley’s Comet. |
| C．It’s easy for Comet NEO WISE to move around the sun in a circle. |
| D．Comet NEOWISE is less common to see than Halley’s Comet. |
| A．The name of the telescope system. | B．The name of the person who first saw it. |
| C．The name of a special day. | D．The name of the country. |
| A．People didn’t see a comet until 2020. |
| B．Comet NEOWISE was farther from the earth than Mars was on July 23. |
| C．Comet NEOWISE is always closer to the sun than the earth is. |
| D．Comet NEOWISE’S moving way can decide how long it needs to finish one circle. |
| A．How to watch comets. | B．A newly-discovered comet. |
| C．Where to meet comets. | D．Why we can see comets |
In the universe (宇宙) , as we all know, there is the Sun, the Moon, the Earth and a large number of stars. Through our Geography lessons, we know that the Sun is a star, the Earth is a planet and the Moon is a satellite (卫星) . We also know the Earth goes around the Sun and the Moon goes around the Earth. We have day and night because the Earth keeps turning all the time When our part of the Earth turns to the Sun, it is day. When our part of the Earth turns away from the Sun, it is night.
Just because the Moon is closer to the Earth than the Sun, it looks much bigger than the Sun. Big things will look smaller when they are farther and small things also look bigger when they are nearer.
The Sun is big enough to give out strong light. The Moon can’t give out any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the Moon comes from the Sun. The Moon looks much bigger and brighter than the stars, but in fact the stars are much bigger and brighter than the Moon. They look smaller than the Moon also because they are farther away from the Earth.
There are many other facts about the universe and we should study hard to know more.
1. Who can help us know a lot about the universe?| A．An Art teacher. | B．A Geography teacher. | C．A Math teacher. | D．An English teacher. |
| A．closer | B．farther | C．brighter | D．darker |
| A．The Moon is the only one to move between the Earth and the Sun. |
| B．The Moon goes around the Earth and it also moves around the Sun. |
| C．The Moon goes around the Sun and its light is coming from the Sun. |
| D．The Moon goes around the Earth and it can’t give out any light at all. |
| A．Some facts about the Sun | B．Some facts about the Moon |
| C．Some facts about the Earth | D．Some facts about the universe |
【推荐3】The Big Bang theory offers us an answer about where the universe came from. But after learning about it, you might ask, “Where will the universe go? Will it ever come to an end?”
Scientists have been thinking about these questions. However, it’s hard to know what will happen. After all, the universe is so big. Still, scientists have made some guesses about the ending of the universe. In the 1800s, the study of heat showed that the universe might someday experience
“heat death”. Our universe “runs” well because of temperature differences. It’s kind of like how a car engine is able to run because it’s hotter inside than outside. But if temperatures become the same everywhere in the universe, the universe will die.
Will the universe continue to expand? And what will the ending of the universe be like? Scientists gave us some related theories.
We know that our universe is expanding. Dark energy causes it to expand faster and faster. The theory, The Big Rip, suggests that this change will continue forever. Eventually, the faster and faster change will make everything in the universe be ripped. As the universe expands, galaxies, stars and planets will pull away from each other. Light from stars will no longer reach Earth. This will make the universe colder. Finally, the temperature of the universe will reach absolute zero. All movement stops at this temperature. This is called The Big Freeze. The Big Crunch is different from the other two. Instead of expanding forever, it suggests that the universe is heavy enough to stop the expansion. Then, like a star that grows too large, the universe will collapse in on itself, maybe creating a new singularity.
1. Which of the following is NOT the guess about the ending of the universe?| A．The Big Crunch. | B．The Big Rip. | C．The Big Freeze. | D．The Big Bang. |
| A．Being warm. | B．Being cool. | C．Being large. | D．Being small. |
| A．The universe will surely come to an end one day. |
| B．Maybe the universe won’t expand all the time because of its weight. |
| C．Keeping the temperatures all the same can make the universe live longer. |
| D．The universe expands so fast that everything in it will stick together like glue. |
Microplastics (微塑料) are small pieces of plastic that enter and pollute the environment. Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but any type of plastic piece that is less than five millimeters (毫米) in length.
The team, from South Korea’s Incheon National University and Greenpeace East Asia, examined 39 brands of salt from 2l countries. Of these, 28 were sea salt, 9 were rock salt, and 2 were lake salt. Microplastics were not found in three of the samples (样品): refined (精制的) sea salt from Taiwan, China, refined rock salt from Chinese mainland, and unrefined sea salt in France. Salt made in Asia had by far the most microplastics of all the samples, which has to do with where plastic most often enters the ocean. Nine of the top 10 sea salt are sampled with the highest amount of microplastics that come from Asia.
Actually, microplastics are everywhere. Sea salt and lake salt are made by evaporating (蒸发) water and getting the salt that remains. Plastic waste comes into the bodies of water from rivers, so it’s no surprise to find microplastics in salt. Scientists have been finding microplastics in salt for years, including in salt from countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa. But the latest study goes a step further, finding that looking at where the salt was produced is a good way to find how much plastic pollution is in that country.
According to their results, the researchers said that an adult ingests (摄入) about 2,000 pieces of microplastics in salt per year. But microplastics in salt amount to about 6% of a person’s total microplastics ingestion. Microplastics have also been found in water, fish and both indoor and outdoor air. All together, an adult ingests over 32,000 pieces of microplastics per year. 80% of them come into our bodies with the air.
It’s almost impossible for humans to avoid microplastic pollution.
1. What is microplastic?| A．A kind of special plastic. | B．A kind of polluted plastic. |
| C．Tiny pieces of plastic. | D．Small harmless plastic. |
| A．39. | B．36. | C．28. | D．21. |
| A．How salt was polluted around the world. | B．How much plastic pollution is in a country. |
| C．How plastic comes into the bodies of water. | D．Salt in Europe hasn’t been polluted so far. |
| A．A sea salt sample from Chinese mainland was not found to have microplastics. |
| B．An adult may ingest more than 2,.00 pieces of microplastics a month. |
| C．Microplastics mainly come into our bodies with the salt we eat. |
| D．It’s almost impossible for us to avoid ingesting microplastics in daily life. |
| A．Microplastic pollution | B．Where is microplastic from? |
| C．What is microplastic? | D．How to avoid microplastics |
【推荐2】Our planet is now in trouble. The pollution problem has a terrible influence on the Earth. And plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it’s gotten to a new height.
Microplastics (塑料微粒) have been found on Mount Qomolangma which is as high as 8,440 meters above sea level. Actually, these are the highest microplastics ever discovered. Scientists collected snow and water samples (样本) from 19 different places from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the top of Mount Qomolangma. They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where most human activity on the mountain is concentrated (集中).
Without doubt, it is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don’t litter, just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can produce microplastics into the environment.
The awful fact is that plastic pollution has reached even the most remote places on the Earth. A 2020 report suggests that there are 2,000 to 17,000 microplastics per cubic meter (每立方米) in Arctic ice cores (北极冰圈). Experts think microplastics may be transported by air and then reach the Arctic ice cores through snowfall.
Then what can we do? We need to work out deeper technological methods of replacing plastic.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
1. The underlined word “remote” in the passage means _________.
| A．偏远的 | B．发达的 | C．繁荣的 |
| A．Mount Qomolangma is 8,440 meters above sea level. |
| B．Microplastics were found in all the water and snow samples collected. |
| C．Now plastic pollution is more serious than before. |
| A．stop climbers from littering on the mountain |
| B．explain the source (来源) of microplastics on the mountain |
| C．show the problems that microplastics bring to the mountain |
| A．By planes flying in the air. |
| B．By humans traveling there. |
| C．By wind blowing from other places. |
| A．Nature and Environment | B．Health and Life | C．Science and Technology |
【推荐3】Tea is a popular drink in China. Many people can't live if they don't have it. Chinese tea has a long history going back more than 5, 000 years. A famous person over 1000 years ago wrote a book about how to make tea. Its name is The Classic of Tea.
Today, China has different kinds of tea: white, yellow, green, Wulong, black, and dark tea. People in different places have different tea drinking habits. People in Guangdong and Fujian love "Kung Fu Tea" in small tea cups. People in Beijing like flower green tea. In Lasha, people like to drink salty butter tea （酥油茶）to be healthy.
There are rules for making tea for friends. It's not good to make the cup full（满的）, because the cup will be too hot for people to hold.
1. How many kinds of tea are there in China according to this passage?| A．Four | B．Five. | C．Six. | D．Three. |
| A．Salty butter tea | B．Black tea. | C．Flower tea. | D．Kung Fu tea. |
| A．To get thin. | B．To keep warm. | C．To keep healthy | D．To keep cool. |
| A．Make the cup full. | B．Don't make the cup full. |
| C．Don't make it too hot | D．Don't hold the cup. |
