1 . ① Man has known more and more about space today. Space is not only wonderful but also dangerous. While working in space, astronauts are facing danger.
② Scientists have found out that radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to astronauts in space. When astronauts are working in space, they are in danger of radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health. The damage of radiation is difficult to discover until their children or even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but there isn’t really helpful medicine.
③ Space rubbish is also a great danger to astronauts. There are 9000 man-made (人造) things flying in space. About 30% of these are man-made satellites (卫星), 10% are spaceships, and others are space rubbish. Even a small piece of these knocked against a spaceship window and did some damage. Scientists are watching and telling any possible danger all the time. They are working on helpful ways to do with space rubbish.
④ Although space is really dangerous, everyone on the earth is interested in it. In the near future, it may become usual for people to spend a few days in a space hotel. We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space for a few years. So we should care for space and do something to help improve the space environment.
1. Who is in danger of radiation in space?| A．Scientists’ children. |
| B．People on the earth. |
| C．Astronauts working in space. |
| A．保护 | B．伤害 | C．竞争 |
A．  | B． | C．  |
A． | B． | C． |
| A．Rubbish: possible danger! |
| B．Radiation: the most dangerous! |
| C．Space: wonderful but dangerous! |
2 . The Moon is attracting much attention these days as NASA is ready to send space rockets there and preparing for more to follow. The mission’s objectives are clear: to create a long-lasting base on its surface and prepare to go to Mars one day.
What’s the next great move in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe? When it comes to the near future scientific research in space, there are a few areas in the solar system that will receive some special attention.
First of all, there’s Venus, a planet which was like a paradise to human with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. However, something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.
At the other end of the solar system are the gas planets. Several of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath the ice are oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any sign of possible life hidden deep within.
As for us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have enough money for the trips, we can perhaps keep astronauts working and studying on the surface of Mars for quite a long time. The other planets in our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. For example, Mercury is too close to the Sun and too far away from the Earth.
In the coming decades, humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels” set up for visiting tourists and scientific explorations. Because of our current level of technology, it is not very practical to turn the space rock into a place suitable for humans. But it may be the next easiest thing to achieve after going to the Moon and Mars.
1. Why does the author mention the Moon in the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the space station on the Moon. |
| B．To highlight the difficulty of going to the Moon. |
| C．To explain the relationship between the Moon and Mars. |
| D．To show the Moon’s important role in space exploration. |
| A．love | B．achievement | C．difficulty | D．exploration |
| A．To find new locations for space hotels. |
| B．To search for potential life and possible living places. |
| C．To compete with other countries in space exploration. |
| D．To prepare for the construction of a new space station. |
| A．Because Mars is three times bigger than the Earth. |
| B．Because it’s far from the Earth and close to the Sun. |
| C．Because people might be able to live and work there. |
| D．Because there are enough resources to help humans develop. |
| A．Surprised. | B．Positive. | C．Negative. | D．Indifferent. |
3 . In our solar system (太阳系), some planets have a great number of moons (卫 星) while some have none. Recently scientists have discovered 12 more moons going around Jupiter (木星). That means Jupiter now has a total of 92 moons, more than any other planet in our solar system.
Scott Sheppard was a member of the team that made the latest discoveries. The new moons were found using telescopes (望远镜) in Hawaii and Chile. Sheppard said, “I hope we can take clear photos of one of these moons in the near future to better understand it.”
Jupiter’s newly discovered moons are between one and three kilometers in size. They have not yet been named, as half of them are too small — less than 1.5 kilometers—to own a name.
Sheppard has already taken part in 70 moon discoveries for Jupiter. He also discovered moons going around Saturn (土星). Saturn had been the planet with the most moons until the most recent announcement. Saturn held the top position since 2019 when Sheppard’s team discovered 20 more moons. Saturn now is known to have 83 moons. Before that, Jupiter was the solar system’s leader with 79 moons.
Sheppard expects to keep adding moons to both Jupiter and Saturn in the future. Uranus and Neptune also have many small moons. But they are much farther from Earth. So discovering new moons around those planets is more difficult.
This year, the European Space Agency has sent a spaceship to explore Jupiter. The spaceship, called JUICE, took off in April. The task is to make further research on Jupiter and its three large moons.
1. Which of the following has the most moons in the solar system?| A．Uranus. | B．Neptune. | C．Saturn. | D．Jupiter. |
| A．Because they are hard to study. | B．Because they are far from Jupiter. |
| C．Because they are newly discovered. | D．Because some of them are not big enough. |
| A．59. | B．63. | C．79. | D．83. |
| A．It is difficult to discover new moons. | B．JUICE is trying to find out new planets. |
| C．More research is being done on Jupiter. | D．To find large moons is more important. |
4 . Saturn (土星) has beautiful rings. Of planets in the solar system, Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest. According to scientists, however, these rings will one day disappear completely.
How did Saturn get its rings in the first place? Scientists have no sure answer. But there’s a popular theory (理论): Some comets (彗星) or small planets ran into Saturn’s moons (卫星). Saturn had at least 60 moons. And this left behind a large number of ice and rock pieces. These pieces were different in size. Some were as small as grains of sand, Others were as large as houses.
These small pieces began to travel around Saturn. Saturn’s gravity (引力) pulled them towards it. At the same time, the speed of their orbit (轨道) tried to throw them into space. Over time, these pieces of ice and rock formed rings around Saturn.
A new study, however, suggests that Saturn’s gravity is winning. About ten tons of “ring matter” is falling into Saturn every second. If this continues, the planet’s ring system will disappear completely in 100 million to 300 million years time. According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 million and 100 million years old. “We’re lucky to be able to see Saturn’s huge ring system,” one of the scientists said, “Some of the planets in the solar system only have very thin rings today. Perhaps we just missed out on seeing their huge ring systems!”
1. What are Saturn’s rings made up of?| A．Lots of moons. | B．Lots of comets. | C．Small planets. | D．Pieces of ice and rock. |
| A．When did Saturn’s rings form? |
| B．Why did Saturn have so many moons? |
| C．How did Saturn’s rings come into being? |
| D．What is the difference between Saturn and Earth? |
| A．Saturn’s gravity is causing its rings to lose more matter. |
| B．Most of Saturn’s ring matter is being thrown into space. |
| C．Saturn’s gravity is making the ring matter run into small planets. |
| D．The speed of the ring matter’s orbit is making the rings disappear. |
| A．Scientists don’t know for sure how Saturn’s rings were formed. |
| B．About ten tons of Saturn’s ring matter disappears every minute. |
| C．Saturn’s rings are the biggest and brightest in the solar system. |
| D．According to scientists, Saturn’s rings are between 10 and 100 million years old. |
5 . Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that “burped out” the star it had “eaten”.
Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be “eaten” by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again. This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the star at half the speed of light. This event is called AT2018hyz.
“This caught us completely by surprise —no one has ever seen anything like this before,” said Yvette Cendes, a researcher on this.
A black hole’s eating of a star is called a tidal disruption event (TDE). Although TDEs happened a few times before, but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later. What’s more, the speed of the materials ejected from the black hole is also unusual, as most TDE outflows travel at 10% the speed of light rather than half of it.
The team thought about the possible reasons behind the event. They first turned to the density theory (密度理论). If the density is very high around the black hole, the materials might be drawn out, causing a “burp”. Another explanation was that the other TDEs happened in directions that could not be seen from Earth. So other black holes’ gravity drew the materials out.
However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it.
1. What does the author compare a black hole to?| A．A star. | B．A meal. | C．A person. | D．A university. |
| A．It was named AT2018hyz. | B．It became active again in 2021. |
| C．It moves at half the speed of light. | D．It is 665 million light years away from the sun. |
| A．Black holes usually eject materials. | B．TDEs have happened several times before. |
| C．The ejecting is three years later than the eating. | D．The ejected materials travel at 10% the speed of light. |
| A．Write papers about stars. | B．Give lectures on AT2018hyz. |
| C．Make movies about black holes. | D．Conduct research on the reason. |
| A．A Black Hole “Burped” | B．How a TDE Happens |
| C．A Black Hole “Ate” a Star | D．How the Density Theory Works |
6 . 
Strange events in the sky, such as speeding lights or flying objects, which cannot be explained are called UFOs. Some people believe they could be a sign of aliens.
Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of money and people’s skills. So, is searching for aliens worth the money and effort? Here are two different voices.
It’s a mystery that needs to be solved. “Are humans alone in the universe?” is a question that has inspired centuries of debate (辩论), dating back thousands of years and at least as far as the ancient Greeks. It is a question that has inspired hundreds of books and films, which shows how important it is to people. If someone sees a UFO, we need to find out what it is. Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good to Earth. For example, the small, lightweight camera on phones was developed so astronauts could take photos in space. Plus, if we were to discover aliens, we might be able to share knowledge with each other and create friendships across the universe.
________ There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在). Many people have spent lots of money trying to find signs of alien life and there is no result. Videos of flashing lights and strange objects in the sky might make good stories but in fact there is probably a reasonable explanation, such as a dirty mark on the camera lens (镜头). Besides, if aliens do exist, they will probably find us first so we might as well stop wasting our energy on them and spend it making Earth a better place to live.
1. Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.| A．what aliens are like | B．what people’s different opinions are |
| C．how people found proof | D．how much money has been wasted |
| A．make people more friendly | B．have started from ancient Greeks |
| C．inspire humans’ creativity | D．develop the entertainment business |
| A．Humans have tried for years to find UFOs | B．People should put more effort into space |
| C．The money could be put to better use | D．More discoveries do good to Earth |
| A．signs of alien life | B．stories on science |
| C．videos of flashing lights | D．problems on Earth |
| A．discuss a subject | B．show off abilities |
| C．compete for a prize | D．learn from mistakes |
Do you know anything about the Moon?
Scientists have told us so much about the Moon.
The Moon is an unfriendly place.
But from the Moon, you can see our beautiful Earth. It is shining more brightly than the other stars in the dark.
| A．There is no air or water. |
| B．How much do you know about it? |
| C．The Moon is also a very quiet world. |
| D．You can take some photos with your camera. |
| E．It’s meaningless for us to have the idea of going to the Moon. |
| F．When the Sun shines in the day, the temperature is very high. |
| G．It’s hard for us to live on the Moon. |
8 . 1. The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. None of them has an environment like that of the earth. That means these planets have no (or not enough) water or air for living things. So scientists do not think they will find life on the other planets.
2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.
3. Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. So how large is the universe? It is impossible to imagine. Scientists have sent spaceships to the planet Mars to take photos. They have even sent spaceships to travel outside the solar system. However, no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
4. Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? Why has no one communicated with us? We do not know the answers... yet.
1. 选择(只填字母代号)，请将下列三个选项按照体积大小排列：A. the Galaxy B. the earth C. the sun D. the universe
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2. The title of this passage is ________
| A．Anyone out there? | B．Life on the Earth. | C．The Sun and Other Stars. |
根据文章内容回答问题
4. How many planets does the sun have?
5. Why do scientists think there are no living things on the other planets?
6. What is called the Galaxy?
7. 填空
①“They” in the third paragraph means
Elon Musk is among these scientists. He is the CEO of SpaceXTM. He wants to build a community on Mars. He imagines a million people will live there someday. He will send 100 people to Mars in 2024. Two years later, 100 more will go. Every two years, 100 people will travel there. They will build a community and there will be homes and shops.
②In the picture Elon Musk says, “Though
③As a teenager, I think that life on Mars
9 . The 2022 Winter Olympics were held successfully. Athletes (运动员) across the world came to Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Winter sports need to be in cold places. So, is it possible to hold the Winter Olympics on other planets?
| Mercury (水星) It’s the closest planet to the sun. In the daytime, the temperature can be 430℃. At night it cools down to -200℃. There’s one area that the sun can never reach. There’s lots of ice there. Maybe we could go speed skating there! |
| Mars The temperature on Mars is between -140℃ and 30℃. At the north and south poles of Mars, there are areas covered by ice and snow. Some of the ice is made of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), not water. There is also a big mountain called Mount Olympus. So maybe we can ski on Mars! |
| Pluto (冥王星) Pluto is a small dwarf planet (矮行星) far away from the sun. It’s very cold there, about -229℃. There’s lots of ice. It’s even harder than steel (铁). So maybe we could go sledding (滑雪橇) on Pluto. |
1. Which is the nearest to the sun?
| A．Pluto | B．Mars. | C．Mercury | D．Earth |
| A．430℃. | B．30℃. | C．-200℃. | D．-140℃. |
| A．Because some areas of Mars are covered by ice and snow. |
| B．Because some of the ice on Mars is made of water. |
| C．Because of the highest temperature on Mars. |
| D．Because of the highest mountain on Mars. |
| A．It’s very cold only in the daytime. |
| B．It’s very cold all day and all night. |
| C．It’s very hot in the night. |
| D．It’s very hot in the daytime. |
| A．Life. | B．News. | C．Health. | D．Science. |
We know that the Earth we live on goes around the Sun and that the Sun is a yellow star. We know that stars give light and that they can be blue, white, orange and red.
We know that stars are born, stars get older, and then stars die. As the star gets older, the middle of the star gets very hot and the star gets bigger. This star is now called a red giant. It is one of the biggest stars.
When a giant star has blown up, sometimes the core can be crushed.
We know that out there in space, there are small stars that spin very, very fast.
Many people want to find out new things about the stars above. There will always be some things we know and some things we don’t. Little kids everywhere sing...
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
how I wonder what you are.
| A．This can make a black hole. |
| B．The dust and gas get very hot. |
| C．When they spin, they flash out light. |
| D．Some big stars like a red giant will just explode! |
| E．But there are some things we don’t know about stars. |
| F．We know a lot about stars but we don’t know everything. |
