Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems. That’s why astronauts shouldn’t spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time.
Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss(骨质损失). In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise for about two hours each day on the ISS.
Sleep disorder (紊乱). In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle (循环) when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall. It is uncomfortable. Now astronauts have individual (单独的) sleeping pods (睡眠舱) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.
Brain changes. Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced (平衡) and move around. That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.
1. When astronauts don’t use their muscles in space, _______.| A．they should eat much meat | B．their muscles start shrinking |
| C．they need to exercise all day | D．they can’t support themselves |
| A．the weight | B．the temperature | C．the light | D．the air |
| A．his muscle shrinks | B．he can’t sleep well |
| C．he doesn’t have any research | D．the position of his brain changes |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】According to scientists' research，the month in which babies are born could affect them in some ways.
Babies born in spring get sick easily. Children born under Aquarius（Jan.21st﹣Feb.19th）may be less clever than those born in other seasons. They may also have shorter lives than those born in autumn. Scientists believe many of the differences can be explained by the mother'sexposureto sunlight in pregnancy（怀孕）. Sunlight helps lead to the production of vitamin D in the body. The lack（缺乏）of vitamin D in the first months of life may have a bad effect on health.
Vitamin D is called the"sunshine vitamin". It has a good effect on health. A study showed that people born from April to June had slightly shorter lives than those born in October，November or December. Similar studies in the US showed that people born in autumn lived about 160days longer than those born in spring.
Professor Russell Foster said the conclusions were surprising and interesting. He added，"These are small effects but they are very，very clear. I am not giving voice to star signs and they are just for fun. But it is true that we are affected by our season of birth. "
1. A child's season of birth can affect all the following things EXCEPT according to the first two paragraphs.| A．his health |
| B．his height |
| C．his length of life |
| D．his quality of being clever |
| A．偏爱 |
| B．抗拒 |
| C．过敏 |
| D．暴露 |
| A．It comes from sunlight. |
| B．It helps people live longer. |
| C．Sunlight prevents its production. |
| D．It does harm to people's health. |
| A．Women should get enough sunlight in pregnancy. |
| B．Children born under Aquarius are cleverer than those born in autumn. |
| C．People born in May will live longer than those born in October. |
| D．Professor Russell Foster is interested in star signs and believes in them. |
| A．People can know the length of life by star sign. |
| B．Women should choose to give birth to children in spring. |
| C．A child's season of birth has an effect on him or her. |
| D．Vitamin D is very important to people's health. |
Alfred Wegener was a scientist in the early 1900s. He had a strange theory. His theory is that 250 million years ago there was one giant continent (洲). He called the giant continents as Pangaea. He thought Pangaea changed millions of years later. It started breaking up. The continent slowly drifted apart. They became continents we know today.
Wegener made many studies. He looked at world maps and thought that some continents were like puzzle pieces. They could fit together. He went to South America as well as Africa. He looked at mountains on both continents. They would match if the continents were pushed together. Wegener found similar fossils (化石), plants and animals on both continents.
Alfred Wegener called his theory “continental drift”. In 1912, he told other scientists about his theory. Most thought Wegener was crazy. They didn't believe huge pieces of land could move.
Later, other scientists did more studies. They discovered that continents are actually moving all the time. Scientists know that the surface of Earth is not one piece. They think it's broken into large pieces of hard rock called tectonic plates (地壳板块). Scientists believe there are 30 tectonic plates on Earth and the continents lie on top of them.
Under Earth's surface is the mantle ( 地幔). The mantle is a layer ( 层) of rock about 2,900 km thick. The temperature rises to 3, 700C at the bottom of the mantle. The heat causes the mantle to become hot, molten (熔化的) rock which flows around.
The tectonic plates float like rafts on top of the hot, molten rock but they move very slowly-only about 4 inches (10 cm) each year. Since continents lie on top of the tectonic plates, they also float or move.
Today, scientists know the continents are still moving. Alfred Wegener's theory was proved correct.
1. What does a theory in the first paragraph mean in this article?| A．An idea based on studies. | B．An opinion based on a feeling. |
| C．A correct answer to a question. | D．A wrong answer to a question. |
| A．Pangaea. | B．Continental drift. | C．Tectonic plates. | D．Continental plates. |
| A．Only in Africa. | B．All over the world. |
| C．Only in South America. | D．In both Africa and South America. |
| A．They agreed with him. | B．They thought it was crazy. |
| C．They copied his idea right away. | D．They gave him praise for it. |
| A．The heat of the tectonic plates causes continents to move. |
| B．The movement of ocean water causes the continents to move. |
| C．Continents are huge pieces of land that can be pushed together. |
| D．Continents lie on top of tectonic plates that float on hot, molten rock. |
【推荐3】In a digital age, we almost never write things by hand. However, new brain research, led by researchers at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, confirms handwriting has many benefits. It results in better learning and memory over using a keyboard.
The study was conducted using equipment to track and record brain wave activity. The participants included 12 young adults and 12 children. Each was asked to write by hand and type on a keyboard while wearing a hood (风帽) with over 250 electrodes (电极). The sensors (传感器) in the electrodes are very sensitive and pick up the electrical activity that takes place in the brain. Each person took turns to have a 45-minute examination.
The results showed that the brain in both young adults and children is much more active when writing by hand than when typing on a keyboard. According to Van der Meer, plenty of senses are activated by pressing a pen on paper. These sense experiences build contact between different parts of the brain, opening the brain up for learning.
Van der Meer believes that the results stress the importance of children being challenged to draw and write at an early age, especially at school. “Learning to write by hand is a bit slower process, but it’s important for children to go through the tiring phase of learning to write by hand,” she said.
The hand movements used to form the shapes of letters are beneficial in several ways. “If you use a keyboard, you use the same movement for each letter. Writing by hand requires control of your fine motor (精细动作) skills and senses. It is important to put the brain in a learning state as often as possible,” Van der Meer added.
1. What do we know about the study?| A．The study involved 24 children in altogether. |
| B．All the participants were divided into two groups. |
| C．Sensors were used to record brain wave activity. |
| D．Participants took examinations at the same time. |
| A．It makes people become smarter. | B．It improves people’s motor skills. |
| C．It helps people get more patience. | D．It arouses people’s interest in learning. |
| A．To present a new research on handwriting. |
| B．To tell people the history of handwriting. |
| C．To show the importance of writing by hand. |
| D．To teach people how to improve handwriting. |
【推荐1】Helpers Behind the Medals
Chinese athletes (运动员) did a great job at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, winning 88 medals in total. But did you know that there are many cool technologies—even space technologies—behind their success?
Quan Hongchan, a 14-year-old diving darling who won the gold, said an AI training system helped her train. Developed by Baidu (姿势) from the diving board until he or she enters the water. A dive can last less than two seconds. But the AI can catch many important details, such as the diver’s starting height, entry speed and angle. They are sent to coaches right away.
Before setting out for Tokyo, some Chinese athletes visited the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics. The technologies there are usually used to develop rockets and missiles (导弹), and they can also help rowers, swimmers and other athletes.
“For example, rowers in the women’s quadruple sculls (四人双桨赛艇) came to my lab and used a wind tunnel to do experiments,” said Jia Yi from the academy. The tunnel can make winds with different speeds. “They measured the air drag on their bodies. The data helped them change their movements and redesign their sport suits”
But there are even more. The national table tennis team has a popular “coach” called Pongbot. It’s a robot that can make difficult shots and never gets tired. Su Bingtian, the first Chinese runner to reach the Olympic 100-meter final, uses high-speed cameras to record his training.
The use of technology will help improve the nation’s overall competitiveness in sports.
1. From the passage, ________ isn’t mentioned to be helped by the technologies.| A．boxing | B．rowing | C．diving | D．table tennis |
| A．AI | B．the diver’s starting height | C．entry speed and angle | D．important details |
| A．show it is fun to train with technologies |
| B．show technologies can help athletes |
| C．show Jia Yi’s meaningful works |
| D．show how hard rowers train |
A． |
B． |
C． |
D． |
You must think a computer is the best thing in the world, right? You must think it works at a super speed and can do everything? Well, it’s not! In fact, the brain is much more powerful than any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table. Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling. First, your eyes check out what’s going on, then tell your brain, and your brain decides how quickly you need to react(反应), and then your muscles(肌肉) go into action. That is just from your brain. No computers could ever come close to that!
The brain weighs just 3 pounds, but it controls everything you do from thinking, learning, feeling even to breathing and your heart beating. Even though the brain is just 2% of your body weight, it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body. That is a lot for such a small organ(器官). There are about 100 billion tiny, tiny little cells(细胞) in your brain. There are so many that it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all!
Your brain stops growing when you’re 18, but it actually keeps on developing and learning new things. So your parents are really super smart! You won’t be able to fool them! Believe it or not, your brain NEVER stops working. Even during sleeping, the brain works for long-term memory establishment(建立). It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that never stops during human lives.
So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature.
1. In Paragraph 1,the writer wants to tell us _________.| A．eyes and muscles react quickly |
| B．the brain controls everything in your body |
| C．the brain is more powerful than any computer |
| A．the body weight |
| B．around 20% of the energy in the body |
| C．all energy in the body |
| A．The brain doesn’t work during sleeping. |
| B．The brain is the only organ that never stops. |
| C．The brain keeps on developing during human lives. |
| A．Magic | B．Quick | C．Light |
| A．Sports | B．Medicine | C．Science |
【推荐3】How many of your classmates wear a pair of glasses? About 60 percent of Chinese students had shortsightedness(近视) in 2013, according to the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health.
If you find that you can’t see things clearly, the first thing you should do is to go to the doctor and find out if you have shortsightedness. If you really have shortsightedness, you need to wear proper glasses to make things easier for eye to see. “Although wearing glasses can hardly help to recover (恢复) your eyesight (视力), it is helpful to make your eyes relaxed and so may slow down the progression of shortsightedness,” experts say.
On the other hand, your habit of using eyes is also important to help control the development shortsightedness. For example, doing eyes protection exercises at school, spending more time outdoors and looking farther sometimes while studying are good for your eyes.
Many children may feel embarrassed at first. But don’t be. With glasses in different shapes and styles, you can find a pair that makes you look fashionable. Also, as technology develops, life becomes easier for people with glasses. Shortsighted people can wear sunglasses. But this may not be OK for high-degree (高度数) shortsighted (greater than 600 degrees) because of the thickness of the lenses (镜片). What’s more, some shops including online ones also sell special glasses made for shortsighted people to play sports. It’s also expected that one day shortsighted people may have special 3D glasses for TV and movies.
With smart phones and pads, our lives have become more colorful. However, spending much time reading, texting and gaming through them is bad for eyes. Here are some useful tips to protect your eyesight.
1. When you use a computer, don’t get too close. Sit in your chair and extend (伸出) your arms. Your palms (手掌) should rest comfortably on the screen.
2. When you use mobile phones or pads, keep them far enough from your eyes and just below eye level (水平). Try not to use them in direct sunlight.
3. Control your time in front of them. Experts suggest that kids should spend no more than one or two hours on screens a day.
4. Remember to take a break: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
1. How many Chinese students has shortsightedness in 2013 according to the passage?| A．About one third. | B．About two thirds. |
| C．About one six. | D．About three fifths. |
| A．it makes people look fashionable | B．it hardly helps recover the eyesight |
| C．it helps to make the eyes relaxed | D．it makes things easy for people to do |
| A．People with high-degree shortsightedness may sometimes feel inconvenient |
| B．Thanks to technology, the shortsighted now can wear special 3D glasses for TV |
| C．After wearing special glasses, shortsighted people can play sports online |
| D．Life for people with shortsightedness used to be easier before wearing glasses |
| A．When you use a mobile phone, keep your eyes below the phone. |
| B．Good habits of using eyes stop your eyesight from getting worse. |
| C．Don’t get too close to a computer screen. The farther, the better. |
| D．Spending more than 120 minutes on screens a day is safe for eyes. |
| A．find out ways to recover eyesight | B．encourage people to wear glasses |
| C．show how technology has developed | D．call on people to protect their eyes |
【推荐1】On New Year’s eve, President Xi Jinping gave his 2022 New Year Address (新年贺词) through China Media Group and the Internet. He mentioned that the year of 2021 has recorded many memorable Chinese voices, Chinese moments and Chinese stories. It was a great year for China’s space industry. The Zhurong rover (火星车) was sent on Mars(火星), the Tianhe space sation traveled among the stars and three Chinese astronauts are still on duty in outer space.
It was also a year to fight against COVID-19. Many foreign leaders and heads of international organizations have praised our fight against the virus. Now, China has provided two billion doses (剂量) of COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗) to more than 120 countries and international organizations.
In just over a month, the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (冬残奥会) will open. We will work hard to present a great Games to the world. The world is turning its eyes to China, and China is ready.
1. The year of ________ has recorded many memorable Chinese voices, Chinese moments and Chinese stories.| A．2019 | B．2020 | C．2021 | D．2022 |
| A．The Tianhe space station | B．Three Chinese astronauts | C．Shenzhou XIII | D．The Zhurong rover |
| A．呈现 | B．出现 | C．提出 | D．礼物 |
| A．We only fight against COVID-19 in 2020 and many foreign said we didn’t do a good job. | B．More than 120 countries and international organizations have received China’s COVID-19 vaccines. |
| C．The Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games will be held in August, the world is turning its eyes to China. | D．When the Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games are coming, China is not ready. |
| A．It was a year to fight against COVID-19. | B．It was a great year for China’s space industry. |
| C．It was a year which recorded many unforgettable memories. | D．It was a year to fully prepare Paralympic Winter Games. |
After a six-month stay on the country’s Tiangong space station, China’s Shenzhou XIII spaceship went back to the earth successfully on April 16th, 2022.
The Shenzhou XIII spaceship sent the three taikonauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, to the Tiangong space station on October 16th, 2021.
During the flying, the astronauts carried out two spacewalks, more than 12 hours all together. Zhai Zhigang holds the Chinese record for the most spacewalks.
They also gave two classes from space on science and had a live video call with students in Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao. The classes were special to Wang. Nine years ago, she carried out China’s first space class. And more than 60 million Chinese students took part it during the Shenzhou X flying on June 2013. That class made China the second country delivering a class（授课）to schoolchildren from space.
What other things did they do in space? Well, the astronauts still made time to relax and enjoy outside their work. Astronauts who stay in space for a long time usually have to exercise at least 2 hours every day. They exercised by riding a bicycle, running on a treadmill（跑步机）, and practicing tai chi.
| A．They spent 183 days about 400 kilometers above the earth. |
| B．The United States was the first one. |
| C．Wang Yaping became the first female Chinese space walker on November 7th. |
| D．Let’s look back on their unforgettable journey. |
| E．They can read books, watch TV shows or movies and listen to music. |
【推荐3】
As Earth’s neighbor, Mars (火星) has a similar environment to Earth. For years, humans are studying the Red Planet and hope to live on it one day. On July 23, 2020, China launched (发射) its first Mars probe (探测器). It is called Tianwen-1. The name comes from the poem Tianwen.
Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period wrote it. The probe landed on the surface (表面) of Mars on May 15, 2021. China is the second country in the world to make it. It was a great success.
A probe has to fly a very long way before landing on Mars, and the lander (着陆器) has to land by itself. “Each step had only one chance. If there was any mistake, the landing would fail.” Geng Yan, an official from the China National Space Administration (CNSA) said.
The Mars probe has three parts—the orbiter, the lander and the rover (火星车). Within a week after the landing, the Mars rover, Zhurong, will begin working. Zhurong is named after the god of fire in ancient Chinese stories. It is the sixth rover on Mars, following five others launched by the United States. If everything goes well, Zhurong will work for at least three months and carry out studies on Mars like taking pictures and videos of Mars, finding out if there is any water or ice under the surface of Mars and checking the temperature or weather on it.
“A larger probe will be launched for the planet sometime around 2030 to take samples and return them to Earth.” a CNSA officials said.
1. What is special about Mars?| A．Its name comes from a poem. | B．Its environment is like the earth’s. |
| C．Its color is mostly blue. | D．Its temperature is very high. |
| A．On July 23, 2020. | B．On May 15, 2021. |
| C．On May 22, 2021. | D．Sometime 2030. |
| A．Because Qu Yuan was a famous poet. |
| B．Because Qu Yuan discovered Mars. |
| C．Because Qu Yuan knew much about Mars. |
| D．Because the probe is named after Qu Yuan’s poem. |
| A．taking pictures and videos | B．finding out if there is any water or ice |
| C．taking samples back to the earth | D．checking the temperature or weather |
| A．Tianwen, China’s first Mars probe | B．Qu Yuan, China’s great poet |
| C．Mars, the earth’s neighbour | D．Zhurong, China’s god of fire |
