There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig holes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest.
Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep.
Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花粟鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months.
High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work.
1. What animals blow bubbles when they sleep?| A．Sea otters. | B．Monkeys. | C．Desert frogs. | D．Parrotfish. |
| A．sleep with their eyes open | B．never sleep curled up in a ball |
| C．wake up now and then in winter | D．don’t eat any food during the winter |
| A．The forest where monkeys sleep safely. |
| B．The animals that sleep above the ground. |
| C．The reason why bees climb down into flowers. |
| D．The ways that keep animals away from danger. |
（①＝Paragraph 1, ②＝Paragraph 2,… ）
A． | B． | C． | D． |
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【推荐1】The name of every British town and city has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts (凯尔特人). Even the word “Britain” is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps. These camps became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”. Manchester is one example.
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by Anglo-Saxon people and became its new owners. These people were from the area that is now Germany and the Netherlands (荷兰). The names of their villages often ended in “-ham” or “-ton”. Some got their names from the leaders of the villages, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”.
Twelve hundred years ago, Vikings (维京人) came to England. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church (教堂)” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma. Finally, in 1066, England became Norman (诺曼人的)—the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means “farm”.
And how about London? Experts cannot agree! The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first people there. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city was named for the castle (城堡) of a king called Lud, but this is almost impossible. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning “a fast-flowing river”.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1. Why are there so many place names in England that end in “-chester” or “-caster”?
| A．Because some place names were from the leaders of the villages. |
| B．Because camps built by Romans later became cities called “castra”. |
| C．Because there were many farmers in these places. |
| D．Because people in these places traded with the Anglo-Saxons. |
| A．practiced | B．hit. | C．explained | D．reported |
①Vikings came to England and trade with the Anglo-Saxons.
②The Romans arrived in Britain and built camps.
③England became Norman and was named “grange”, which means farm.
④The Anglo-Saxons attacked Britain.
| A．①④②③ | B．②③①④ | C．①②④③ | D．②④①③ |
| A．It was named for the castle of a king called Lud. | B．It was from a village of a man named Skuma. |
| C．It came from a Celtic word meaning fast-flowing river. | D．It was called Londinium by the Romans. |
| A．Different kinds of people in Britan. | B．Different lives of people in Britain. |
| C．Different histories of place names in Britain. | D．Different names of people in Britain. |
Previous studies have shown that people experience feelings of romantic rejection (失恋) in the same way that they experience physical pain. And Psychology Professor Water Michel, of Columbia University, also believes that the psychological pain of ending a relationship is similar to physical pain, and should be treated like any other injury. “When we speak about rejection experiences in terms of physical pain, it is not just a metaphor – the broken heart and emotional pain really do hurt in a physical way," he said. “When you look at a picture of the one who broke your heart, you experience a pain in a similar area of the brain which is activated when you burn your arm. ”
Research shows that people who are given a simple painkiller, like aspirin, are able to handle feelings of rejection better than those given a placebo (安慰剂) .
‘Take two aspirins and call me next morning’ would be a cold-hearted response to a friend’s late-night report of fresh heartbreak, but it has a solid basis in the research.
1. The aspirin is a kind of _________.
| A．wine | B．fruit | C．dessert | D．medicine |
| A．mend a broken heart | B．burn your arm |
| C．make people feel pain | D．help people get over a break-up. |
| A．pains | B．hearts | C．people | D．areas |
| A．Just take an aspirin or two |
| B．Just call me at any time |
| C．Just wait for a long time |
| D．Just eat as much as you can |
【推荐3】In the science film Sunshine, an astronaut named Mace must leave his spacecraft without a protective suit for 15 seconds. He makes it through with the damage(损害) as a result of being very cold. Have you ever wondered what might happen to your body in space without a spacesuit?
On Earth, our atmosphere (air) protects us from the sun’s harmful UV rays, controls temperatures and also keeps a nice atmosphere pressure. The vacuum (真空) of space, however, is full of dangers.
One of the serious dangers Mace might face in outer space is ebullism (体液沸腾). The pressure in the vacuum of space is so low that the boiling point of the fluids (液体) in your body drops below the body’s normal temperature (37℃), which results in the formation of gas bubbles in your fluids that can really make you feel aching.
Another serious danger is the lack of oxygen. After around 15 seconds, your body would have used up all pf the oxygen in your body and you’d lose consciousness (意识). Some of you may be thinking “But I can hold my breath for minutes!?” The situation in space is a little different than here on Earth because of the lack of outside pressure, and if you held your breath in space without a suit you’d be in a big trouble. This is because any remaining air would rapidly enlarge, breaking the lungs.
After losing consciousness, you’ll probably last a couple of minutes at most before you die. Of course, there’s all that awful UV from the Sun which is going to give you serious sun burn, likely leading to cancer.
Is little damage for coldness a reasonable result of Sunshine’s suit less spacewalk? Actually it’s extremely cold in space, but astronauts wouldn’t immediately freeze because heat leaves the body very slowly in a vacuum. Therefore, the cold wouldn’t cause Mace too much harm in just 15 seconds, even if he faced the very lowest temperatures in space. The more likely damage would be caused from the enlargement and breaking of the skin’s small blood vessels (血管).
Anyway, obviously it’s never a good idea to go into space without some kind of protection. But don’t lose hope because you are probably saved with timely help before you die, so keep up!
1. Where can we read the passage?| A．In a magazine. | B．In a diary. |
| C．In a movie poster. | D．In a how-to book. |
| A．The vacuum helps astronauts walking and Waving in space. |
| B．The air supplies living protection and temperature control. |
| C．The air brings people serious problems sometimes on Earth. |
| D．The pressure of vacuum in space increases the boiling point. |
| A．To encourage readers to watch the film Sunshine. |
| B．To show the readers many serious air problems. |
| C．To discuss the causes of cancer from the sunburn. |
| D．To explain the unreasonable damage in the film. |
| A．Keep Alive in Space | B．Walking Freely in Space |
| C．Without a Spacesuit | D．Coldness Damage in Space |
Channel 1 07:30 Morning News 14:40 National Games: Women’s Tennis Single Fina 16:50 Cartoon: Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf 18:20 National Games: Men’s High Jump Final |
Channel 2 09:00 National Games: Men’s 100-metre Race Final 11:30 Face to Face 22:09 TV Play Series: Liberation（解放） 23:57 National Games: Men’s Table Tennis Double Final |
Channel 5 09:00 Chinese History 10:30 Cartoon: Bears note（熊出没） 21:15 English Classroom 22:30 National Games: Special Report |
| A．Channel 1 | B．Channel 2 | C．Channel 5 | D．We don’t know. |
| A．18:20 on Channel 1 | B．14:40 on Channel 1 |
| C．22:30 on Channel 5 | D．22:09 on Channel 2 |
| A．Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf | B．Face to Face |
| C．Bears note | D．Liberation |
| A．07:30 | B．09:00 | C．21:15 | D．23:30 |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five |
【推荐2】Everyone dreams of changing the world. But can teenagers really make a difference? And how can they go about it?
Michael Norton's book 365 ways to Change the World is a good starting point: The book gives an idea or task for every single day of the year. The tasks include offering to work at a local homeless shelter(护所)and planting tree.
The book says that one simple act, no matter(无论)how small, can help someone in need. It may even influence(影响)other teens to do something Nathan Anthony, a student at Maple High School in Modesto, California, US, agrees. "It is impossible to get anything in life without giving something to someone or working hard at school or workplace, Anthony said.
Another Maple student, Ariane Mota, has the same idea. "Giving is our way of repaying those who help us, she said.Whether(无论) it is a helping hand or a donation(捐赠) we should others to make their day or life better."
But how often do teens see peers(同龄人)helping a stranger or doing something nice for someone?
According to Anthony, not lot. He and Mota both believe this needs to be changed "I help my friends by telling them that their lives are better than those poorer people，" Anthony said. "Humor is also a great tool."
So whether you're helping to find a cure(疗法 )for bad illness or simply smiling at a stranger, do something every day to help change the world for the better.
1. 365 Ways to Change the World is a book________| A．written about Michael Norton |
| B．about what teenagers learn at school |
| C．that gives teenagers an idea or task for every single day of the year |
| D．about how to work in a shelter |
| A．Eating a delicious | B．Telling friends that their lives are better |
| C．Helping find a cure for cancer | D．Smiling at a strange |
| A．once a year | B．Every day | C．Once a week | D．Twice a day. |
| A．Michael Norton dreams of changing the world most |
| B．only great acts can influence other teens to do something |
| C．Nathan Anthony and Ariane Mota are both teenagers at Maple High School |
| D．humor can't help teenagers change the world |
【推荐3】You may have heard the saying “The Yangtze River is China’s mother river.” It’s almost 6,400 kilometers long. As the world’s third-longest river, it covers one-fifth of China’s land area. The Yangtze River Economic Zone (长江经济带) covers eleven provinces and municipalities (市，自治区), making up about forty percent of China’s total population and GDP.
On December 26, China passed the Yangtze River Protection Law, which came into force on March 1, 2021. It is the first law to protect a waterway in China.
The mother river is in great need of protection because something is wrong with it. For example, because of overfishing and water pollution, the river’s Chinese paddlefish has died out there. There’s also decertified land and soil pollution near the river.
According to the law, fishing will not be allowed in all of the Yangtze’s natural waterways, including its major tributaries (支流) and lakes. Those who are caught fishing will be fined (罚款) 50,000 to 500,000 yuan.
Digging (挖掘) sand will be strictly limited (限制) in the river. Many companies are digging sand along the river. However, this has led to lower water levels on the river, which has caused the river’s water to decline.
Companies and factories along the river will need to focus on green development. If their activities do harm to the waterways, they will be moved away, the law says.
1. What does the first paragraph tell us about the Yangtze River?| A．How old it is. | B．Why it’s important. |
| C．What problems it has. | D．Where it joins the sea. |
| A．It was passed on March 1, 2021. |
| B．it came into force about ten years ago. |
| C．it has increased the population of the area. |
| D．It’s the first law to protect a waterway in China. |
| A．Disappear. | B．Become less. | C．Be hard to test. | D．Be easy to control. |
| A．People can’t fish in the river’s major tributaries. |
| B．Digging sand will not be allowed in the river anymore. |
| C．Companies along the river will be moved to other places. |
| D．Anyone who causes pollution will be fined at least 50,000 yuan. |
