Everyone has a family name. But do you know where family names come from? The English writer David McKee tells us in his new book—What is in a family name?
Some family names come from the places of their homes. If a man lives on or next to a hill, his family name may be Hill. In England, people’s name s may be Wood, Lake, because they live next to the wood or lake.
Family name s may come from people’s jobs. If a man is a cook, he may be “Cook”. “Butcher” (屠户) is a man to sell meat. “Farmer” is a man who works on a farm.
Many people get their family names from their fathers’ given names. From the name “Jackson”, we can know that he is the son of Jack. So, when you meet a man with a strange (奇怪的) family name, don’t be surprised.
1. English people often have ________ ways to get their family names.| A．one | B．two | C．four | D．three |
| A．cooks in a restaurant | B．works on a farm | C．lives next to the lake | D．sells meat |
| A．Hill. | B．Butcher. | C．Wood. | D．Lake. |
| A．害怕的 | B．高兴的 | C．惊慌的 | D．惊讶的 |
| A．How do People Get the Baby Name? |
| B．Where do Family Names Come from? |
| C．Who is David McKee? |
| D．How M any Family Names do English People Have? |
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【推荐1】Children at the age of 10–14 often have a “sleepover (不在自己家过夜的儿童聚会)” birthday party, when the children have no classes the next day. A party of this kind is usually on a Friday or a Saturday night. For a party of this kind, the birthday person may invite about 5—8 close friends over for dinner. After dinner, the children will eat cakes and ice-cream and the birthday person will open his or her gifts. All the kids stay there for the night. During the night, the children may go bowling (打保龄球) , go ice-skating or go to the movies. Also the children will eat snacks at midnight, and then watch TV, chat and play computer games until the next morning. The children’s parents will pick them up by around 9:00. Sleepover birthday parties are popular in some Western countries. Parents and children often carefully plan the parties and prepare sleepover party games.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. Parents often prepare a sleepover birthday party for their children _________.
| A．on a Monday or a Saturday night | B．at the age of six |
| C．at the age of eighteen | D．on a Friday or a Saturday night |
| A．several good friends | B．a few relatives (亲戚) |
| C．5-8 teachers | D．some neighbors |
| A．till midnight | B．for eight hours |
| C．for the whole day | D．until next morning |
| A．Playing football. | B．Eating ice-cream. |
| C．Playing computer games. | D．Chatting. |
| A．Japan. | B．The UK. | C．China. | D．India. |
【推荐2】In America when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like weather, family, work, school, or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have any brothers or sisters?” “Where do you work?” “What school do you go to?” and “Do you like sports?” They also ask questions like “Where do you come from?” and “Where do you live?” These are polite questions, not personal questions.
But some things are personal or private, and questions about them are not polite. People don’t ask questions about a person’s salary (薪水). They don’t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people about their age. It is also not polite to ask people questions about politics (政治) or religion (宗教) if you don’t know them very well. People don’t ask unmarried people “Why are you single?”and they don’t ask a married couple with no children “Why don’t you have any children?”
1. The writer wants us to ________.| A．be very friendly to people from America |
| B．find out a lot about America |
| C．know what questions are polite in America |
| D．talk freely with an American |
| A．average salary | B．favorite sports |
| C．religious beliefs | D．age |
| A．“Do you come from a big family?” |
| B．“Do you like playing baseball?” |
| C．“How much did your shoes cost?” |
| D．“Where do you come from?” |
| A．married couples (已婚夫妇) | B．children |
| C．older people | D．good friends |
| A．child | B．man | C．woman | D．doctor |
【推荐3】Do you want to know the day of the students in the UK? Let me tell you something about their life. They like chatting (聊天) with their friends on QQ and sending messages (发信息) with phones. They go shopping and listen to music on their MP3 players. They also buy clothes or just watch movies (电影) on TV.
Students can work (工作) after thirteen years old. Before going to school, they often deliver newspapers (送报纸) to houses near their homes. People call them paperboys or papergirls. Sometimes they look after the young (照顾小孩). Then parents get them to watch TV. When they look after the young for an hour, they can watch TV for an hour. As for their pocket money (零花钱), they can get £6.31 every week from seven to eleven years old. But when they are twelve to sixteen, their parents give them £9.15.
1. The students in the UK do the following things except (除了) ________.| A．listen to music with phones | B．chat with friends | C．buy clothes |
| A．Alan, ten years old. | B．Bill, eleven years old. | C．Tom, sixteen years old. |
| A．Going shopping and listening to music. |
| B．Delivering newspapers and looking after the young. |
| C．Buying clothes and watching movies. |
| A．About £25. | B．About £30. | C．About £36. |
| A．The life of the students in the UK. |
| B．Students in the UK can work. |
| C．What students in the UK do at home. |
【推荐1】The baby is just one day old and has not left hospital yet. She is quiet but alert (警觉). Twenty centimeters from her face the researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully.
A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another one, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus until a third card is presented. The third card has three black spots on it. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer?
The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When a little older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again.
Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats (鼓声) than when they heard just two; likewise (同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is mainly about the baby’s ________.| A．sense of hearing | B．sense of sight | C．sense of touch | D．sense of smell |
| A．the size of cards | B．the colour of pictures |
| C．the shape of patterns | D．the number of objects |
| A．Science fiction. | B．Children’s literature. | C．An advertisement. | D．A science report |
Chinese New Year is an important traditional Chinese holiday celebrated at the turn of the Chinese calendar. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house, in order to sweep away any ill-fortune and to make way for good incoming luck. Windows and doors will be decorated with red color paper-cuts and couplets with popular themes of “good fortune”or “happiness”, “wealth”, and “longevity”. Other activities include lighting firecrackers and giving money in red paper envelopes.
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st or January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in form alclothes like tuxedos and evening gowns, and they may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the New Year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the New Year by waking up early to watch the sun rise.
It is also a common Western custom to make a New Year’s promise, called a resolution. New Year’s resolutions usually include promises to try something new or change a bad habit in the New Year.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the New Year can start afresh. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a New Year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the New Year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the New Year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the new coming year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck—but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
1. The passage is mainly about_____.
| A．the meaning of “Happy New Year!” |
| B．several different New Year traditions |
| C．traditional activities for the New Year |
| D．interesting traditions on New Year’s Day |
| A．some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning |
| B．4 cultures do special things to celebrate New Year |
| C．people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31stor January 1st |
| D．the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year’s Day |
| A．friendssing to each other in special ways |
| B．families make big dolls filled with new clothes |
| C．some people get up early to watch the sunrise |
| D．Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day |
| A．one pea brings one day of good luck |
| B．black-eyed peas are the best medicine |
| C．the peas are very black and taste bad |
| D．the peas are helpful to count numbers |
【推荐3】According to a study by Beijing University, nearly half of China’s population will have myopia（近视） by 2021.
The Shanxi Eye Hospital in Taiyuan is one of the top eye hospitals. It has seen a growing number of teenagers with myopia.
Jia Ding, an ophthalmologist（眼科专家） at Shanxi Eye Hospital, and over 80 percent of the patients are young students. She also said, “The number of young children with myopia continues to grow.”
A parent at the hospital said, “My daughter is only eight years old, but her myopia is already over 200 degrees.”
Jia pointed out that the unhealthy lifestyles and learning styles may lead to myopia. On the one hand, to achieve high scores in the exams, children spend too much time studying indoors and don’t have enough time outside in the sunlight. On the other hand（射线）from these electronic devices（设备）are very bad for the eyes.
On Eye Care Day in China, doctors are trying to encourage young people to spend more time outside to help protect their eyesight. Also they must keep their eyes about 33 cm away from the books while reading.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The study was done by Jia Ding. | B．Jia Ding works in Beijing University. |
| C．Jia Ding’s daughter is eight years old. | D．There will be more young children with myopia. |
| A．Tell people where the hospital is. | B．Remind people to protect their eyes. |
| C．Tell people who the top ophthalmologist is. | D．Help people change their lifestyles. |
| A．Unhealthy lifestyles and learning styles. | B．A famous ophthalmologist. |
| C．A growing number of teenagers with myopia. | D．A famous eye hospital. |
