What would life be like if you were a rocker, a soccer player, a professor (教授), and a Nobel Prize winner? Carolyn Bertozzi from the US lives such a cool life!
Bertozzi, aged fifty-six, became this year’s only woman winner in science and the eighth woman to receive the chemistry prize in history.
Bertozzi won the prize for studying the sugar coats of cells (细胞). She has found a great way to connect cells by connecting their sugar coats. Then the cells have a green color so that scientists can see clearly where they are and how they move.
Although she had great achievements, Bertozzi said she was not very interested in chemistry until her second year at Harvard University. “The professors intentionally (故意地) made the class very difficult,” she told Chemistry World magazine. “My classmates complained a lot, but it matched my brain.”
Besides doing science studies, Bertozzi has lived a colorful life. She was a keyboarder in a rock band. “I even used to think over studying in music,” she said. She also played soccer, and won an athletic scholarship (学金) from Harvard.
As a female scientist, Bertozzi tries to promote gender equality (提倡性别平等). “In the late 1980s, maybe 10 percent of the students were female,” she told Chemical & Engineering News. “There were maybe one or two women in a lab, so we tried to support each other by starting a monthly get-together for all the women students in the department.” In 2022, Bertozzi won an award from the American Association for the Advancement of Science for her work to increase gender equality in science.
1. Why did Bertozzi win this year’s Nobel Prize?
| A．Because she invented a new treatment for cancer. |
| B．Because she found a new type of cells with a green color. |
| C．Because she is the eighth female professor at Stanford University. |
| D．Because she found a way to link (链接) cells and make them clearer to see. |
| A．Useless and difficult. | B．Boring and simple. | C．Difficult and boring. | D．Difficult and interesting. |
| A．Bertozzi once wrote songs for a rock band. |
| B．Bertozzi once studied music at her university. |
| C．Bertozzi lived a colorful life including doing studies. |
| D．Bertozzi won many scholarships because of her talent in chemistry. |
| A．She set an award for women in science. |
| B．She built a new lab for girls to do research. |
| C．She increased the number of female students by 10 percent. |
| D．She started a women’s monthly get-together to help each other. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】“How was school today?” Ethan's mom asked as he climbed into the car.
“Fine.” Ethan answered.
“What did you do?” she tried to start a conversation.
“Nothing.” Ethan answered and turned his attention to his phone.
Ethan's mom sighed(叹气). “Your grandmother and I used to have actual conversations.”
“Huh?” Ethan wasn't really listening.
“Nothing,” his mother said.
Ten minutes later, Ethan finally looked up from his phone. What are we doing here? He asked, noticing they were at an unknown supermarket.
“Grandma is coming over for dinner tonight and we need to buy something for her favorite strawberry cheesecake. I thought you could help me make it.”
Ethan hated shopping, and he would play his favorite video game rather than bake for a whole afternoon. However, he knew his grandmother would love the cheesecake, so he agreed unwillingly(不情愿地).
Surprisingly, Ethan realized that he enjoyed shopping and he was also having fun in the kitchen helping his mom after they got home. While all of this was happening, the two actually talked,and Ethan remembered several interesting things from school.
It was great to see his grandmother again at dinner too. The last time they met was several weeks ago. and he realized that he had a lot to tell her.
“Wow, Ethan, I don't think I've heard you speak this much in a long time,” Ethan's mom smiled.
“Well, when you were Ethan's age, Norah”, Ethan's grandmother said gently to his mother, you used to spend your whole life in your room!”
Ethan's mother turned pink. “That's not true, mom!”
“In fact,” Ethan's grandmother winked(眨眼) at Ethan, “I had to get her to help me make this very cheesecake to even get her to talk to me.”
From the other side of the room, Ethan's phone rang. But Ethan realized that this conversation with his mother and grandmother was much more interesting.
1. At first. Ethan was___________when his mom asked about his school life.| A．cold | B．happy | C．nervous | D．sad |
| A．Ethan had an unpleasant day at school that day. |
| B．Ethan expected to go shopping on his way home. |
| C．Ethan started real conversations with his family at last. |
| D．Ethan often made strawberry cheesecake with his grandma. |
| A．Using cell phones too often is not good for our health. |
| B．Learning to cook can help us keep in touch with friends. |
| C．Spending more time playing with elders can be interesting. |
| D．Enjoying activities together can help family members become closer. |
【推荐2】Katy Sullivan is an actress, an athlete, and a person who refuses to use the words “no” or “can’t”.
She was born without the lower half of her legs and has worn prosthetic legs (假肢) all her life. She grew up in Alabama, US and had an active childhood. She kept up with her sisters and brothers at the gym (体育馆) and in the swimming pool. She feels lucky because her family has treated her the same way they would treat anyone.
When a person is born without legs, there are lots of things that are difficult to do. But Sullivan believes she can do anything. She chose to do two things that are difficult even with both legs.
As a teenager, she saw a movie that made a big impression on her. Before it was over, Sullivan had made up her mind to be an actress.
She earned a degree (学位) in theater and then moved to Los Angeles, where she played roles in theater, television and movies. She has a positive (积极的) view of life. She thinks that if you believe you can do something, you should go for it. So when Sullivan’s friend asked her whether she’d like to try running, she said “yes”. She was given a pair of running legs and started running.
Sullivan was the first person in the world with two prosthetic legs to take up running as a competitive sport. She made it to the 100-meter finals in the 2012 London Paralympics.
Sullivan’s family, friends and fans look up to her as an example of someone who has overcome (克服) difficulties and achieved her dreams.
1. What was Sullivan’s life like when she was young?| A．She stayed at home most of the time. |
| B．Her family took care of her in a special way. |
| C．She did the same things as her sisters and brothers. |
| D．Her sisters and brothers didn’t like to play with her. |
| A．being a dreamer and a fan |
| B．being an actress and a runner |
| C．being a student and a director |
| D．being a teacher and a theater performer |
| A．she was crazy about acting |
| B．she believed she could do it |
| C．she refused to work in theaters |
| D．she wanted to be treated differently |
| A．tell readers to hold on to their dreams |
| B．show readers Sullivan’s wonderful life |
| C．advise readers to help the disabled |
| D．let readers know about Sullivan’s family |
【推荐3】November is really interesting. We have some fun things in our school this month. Let’s look at some of them!
Book Sale
On November 3rd, we have a book sale in the school library. Students can sell old books to their classmates and teachers. We can buy nice and cheap books.
Sports Day
We all know doing sports is good for our health. So there is a Sports Day in our school on November 10th. We can play basketball, tennis, ping-pong and soccer on that day. I think we can have a good time.
Art Festival
The art festival is on November 20th. I’m so happy about it. I can play the piano (钢琴). I like it. Do you like it?
School Trip
On the last day of this month, we have a school trip. We go to a great park with the students and teachers. It’s really interesting.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
1. What can students do on November 3rd?
| A．Sell old books. | B．Play basketball. |
| C．Play the piano. | D．Play soccer. |
| A．we are good at sports | B．we don’t like sports |
| C．doing sports is good for our health | D．sports are boring |
| A．On November 3rd. | B．On November 10th. |
| C．On November 31st. | D．On November 30th. |
| A．To a school. | B．To the school library. |
| C．To a great park. | D．To a store. |
| A．an art festival | B．an English Day |
| C．a school trip | D．a book sale |
【推荐1】Qian Xuesen is a world-famous expert on aerospace(航天航空) rockets and aerodynamics. He achieved great success in many areas of science and made important contributions to the foundation and development of the Chinese aerospace industry.
After graduating from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, Qian Xuesen went to America to study in MIT one year later. After receiving a master’s degree there, he went to study in California Institute of Technology and received PhD degrees in both aerospace and mathematics.
In 1955, Qian Xuesen returned to his motherland no matter how many difficulties he had to face. His return brought China the hope of developing space science and its own missiles(导弹).
In 1956, he put forward a plan to protect the country through developing aviation(航空) industry. With the support from the Premier Zhou Enlai, Qian Xuesen began to prepare to set up China’s first missile and rocket research and development structure, the Fifth Research Institute of State Ministry of Defense. From then on, he has long been in charge of the chief technological research and development of China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft.
China successfully set off its first atom bomb in 1964. Later, China launched its first man-made satellite on April 24, 1970, becoming the country to independently launch satellite following the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the USA, France and Japan.
As a forerunner of China’s aerospace science and technology, Qian provided chances for young scientists. Wang Yongzhi, former chief designer of China’s manned-space project, has learnt a lot from Qian. “He suggested that rocket of the second generation should be developed by our second generation scientists. This gave us chances to be general designers”. Thinking of the experience working with Qian, Sun Jiadong, general designer of China’s lunar orbiter project, is grateful. “He put great expectation on us and trusted us a lot. Whenever we made mistakes, he seldom blamed us but helped find out the reason so we could avoid it in the future.”
Considered as Father of Missile and King of Rockets, Qian retired in the year before Chinese manned space program was launched in 1992, but he never stopped his work on scientific research after retirement. He said he had no time to review the past, but looked forward to the future. On October 31st, 2009, Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing at the age of 98.
1. According to the passage, which of the following about Qian Xuesen is true?| A．He returned to China easily with the technologies of space science. |
| B．He went abroad for further study and got his master’s degree in MIT. |
| C．He worked for the development of China’s fifth missile and rocket. |
| D．He made China the fourth country to independently launch satellite. |
| A．An expert. | B．A master. | C．A competitor. | D．A pioneer. |
| A．He took main responsibilities when mistakes were made. |
| B．Qian Xuesen gives many good chances to general designers. |
| C．The help of Qian Xuesen meant a lot to the young scientists. |
| D．Qian Xuesen had great expectation on the lunar orbiter project. |
| A．80 years old. | B．81 years old. | C．92 years old. | D．98 years old. |
【推荐2】Yuan Longping (1930—2021) is known as a great scientist who was the first person to develop hybrid rice (杂交水稻). His research greatly solved the problem of the food shortage in the world.
Yuan Longping started the research in 1964. He put forward the idea of hybrid rice, did experiments (实验) on the farm, and succeeded in 1973. The new technology was tested in many areas of South China in 1974, and then he continued to test it in other areas. China has become the first country that can produce hybrid rice and Yuan is called “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
Besides being a respected scientist, he was also a romantic husband and a caring grandfather.
Yuan’s granddaughters remembered that when he traveled to Hong Kong, he wanted to buy his wife a new watch, but it was too expensive, so he bought a candy instead. When he was 90 years old, his family held a birthday party. Hundreds of people came to the party. There was a moving moment: Yuan cut the first piece of cake and immediately gave it to his wife. They also said that their grandfather paid much attention to their English and math studies. No matter how tired he was after work, he would still ask about their studies.
Yuan Longping loved playing the violin, swimming and driving. What’s more, he had a special habit—playing mahjong (麻将) with friends for an hour every evening to train his brain. Just like common people, the scientist laughed when he won and didn’t hide his disappointment when he lost.
This is Yuan Longping: an ordinary person who made great achievements.
1. Yuan Longping developed hybrid rice in order to ________.| A．test his ideas in all areas |
| B．build a research center |
| C．make himself famous in China |
| D．solve the problem of the food shortage |
| A．a watch | B．a candy | C．a cake | D．a violin |
| A．common | B．helpful | C．successful | D．careful |
| A．Yuan Longping tested the new technology in other areas in 1964 |
| B．on Yuan Longping’s 90th birthday, he cut the first piece of cake for himself |
| C．Yuan Longping paid much attention to his granddaughters’ English and math studies |
| D．Yuan Longping was good at hiding his feelings when he played mahjong |
| A．Yuan Longping’s different hobbies. |
| B．A great but ordinary scientist—Yuan Longping. |
| C．The scientific process to produce hybrid rice. |
| D．The close relationship of Yuan Longping’s family. |
【推荐3】Louis Pasteur (1822—1895), a famous French scientist, made big discoveries in medicine, chemistry, and industry. He was the first scientist to believe that life could come only from life. His research showed that tiny germs (细菌) spread diseases, and the spread of the germs could be controlled. With this knowledge, humans were able to save many lives.
Pasteur discovered a way to make milk, wine, and food safe. The method, known as pasteurization, was named after him. One day, a winemaker had bad-tasting wine and asked Pasteur for help. Pasteur found that the bad-tasting wine had some unusual germs. If he killed these germs, maybe he could keep the wine from turning terrible. After trying different ways to kill the germs, he found heating the wine seemed to work best. Later, Pasteur found out that by heating these foods and freeing them from harmful germs, they could be better kept. The heat kills the germs that spread diseases.
Pasteur also helped greatly in medicine. In the summer of 1885, nine-year-old Joseph was attacked by a sick dog with rabies, a very dangerous disease. There was no medicine for rabies at that time. Luckily, Pasteur was studying about the germs that cause rabies. He believed that he had a medical method for rabies, but he never gave it to a person before. However, the doctor said the child was dying, so Pasteur gave Joseph daily medical help for ten days. Slowly, the child became better. This opened the way for the development of vaccinations (疫苗). Vaccinations keep humans from contracting certain illnesses and help them stay away from many diseases.
During Pasteur’s life, he touched on many problems. A simple description of his achievement doesn’t show how excellent he was. What Pasteur achieved for the scientific world make him one of the most important scientists of all time.
1. Why is heating needed in the method of pasteurization?| A．Hot wine tastes much better. |
| B．People prefer to drink hot milk. |
| C．Cold food spreads diseases easily. |
| D．Harmful germs are kept from the food. |
| A．Studying. | B．Treating. | C．Getting. | D．Killing. |
| A．By giving examples of Pasteur’s achievements. |
| B．By describing the risk of Pasteur’s experiments. |
| C．By listing Pasteur’s efforts to save dying people. |
| D．By explaining Pasteur’s methods of heating food. |
| A．Great Minds in French History. | B．Big Discoveries in Animal Medicine. |
| C．The Development of Food Safety. | D．The Useful Chemicals in Inventions. |
