In many countries, people are encouraged to buy electric cars. It is said that driving an electric car is good for the environment. But is that true? The University of Minnesota recently studied emissions (排放物) from different cars. The scientists found that sometimes, electric cars are more harmful than petrol (汽油) cars.
Surprising? Well, please pay attention to the word “sometimes”. Electric cars are supposed to be clean. The problem lies in the power that is used to charge them. If the power comes from wind or solar energy, electric cars will cause little pollution. However, if the power is produced from coal, they will be very harmful. According to the study, emissions from these cars kill about 3,000 people a year. However, pollution caused by petrol cars only leads to 880 deaths a year.
In fact, sales people are not lying when they say electric cars are clean. However, they are right only when the power used to charge their cars is also clean.
So how clean electric cars are depends on what its electricity comes from. In France, more than half of the power comes from nuclear (核) stations. Electric cars there should be as clean as they are marketed to be. In many developing countries, however, electricity mainly comes from coal. India, for example, depends on coal for 61 percent of its power. Only two percent of electricity comes from nuclear energy. In countries like India electric cars are not clean at all.
1. Why are people in many countries encouraged to buy electric cars? Because they think electric cars2. How are electric cars whose power come from wind or solar energy?
If the power of electric cars comes from wind or solar energy, it will cause
3. How many people may be killed a year by the emissions from the cars whose power is produced by coal?
Emissions from the cars whose power is produced by coal can kill about
4. According to the passage, in which country the electric cars are cleaner than many developing countries?
Electric cars from
5. Where may power of electric cars come from? (至少写出文中提到的两种能源)
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How do you get to school every day? By bike, bus or car? In our city, there will be 3,000 new school buses in the street by the end of this year. These school buses look just like American school buses: yellow with a big nose.
In February 2010, the Chinese government announced the first standards (标准) for school bus safety. Since then, more yellow school buses can be seen in the street.
In China, besides the bus driver, there should be an adult on the school bus to watch the students. If there are more than 40 students, two adults are needed. The students usually rest or read books on the school bus.
In America, yellow school buses are very popular. There are about 480,000 school buses in the country. The older kids sit in the back of the bus. The younger kids sit in the front. They usually listen to music, talk on their phones or just sleep. The only adult on the bus is the driver.
The school bus is important in students’ everyday lives. It can keep children safe. Usually, a child is much safer going to school by school bus than any other way. It can also help the environment. A school bus saves a lot of gas (汽油) because it can carry a lot of people.
1. How many new school buses in the street of the writer’s city by the end of this year?2. What’s the first standard of school bus about?
3. Who should be on the school bus besides the bus driver to watch the students in China?
4. What are the popular school buses in America?
5. It is much safer going to school on the school bus than any other way for a student, isn’t it?
Hi! I’m the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. I’ve felt happy recently because a new high-speed railway now links the two cities. Do you want to know my story?
I was born in 1909. I’m 114 years old now. The one who made me was Zhan Tianyou. He was a brave and smart man. He believed China should build its own railways without other countries’ help. So he built me, China’s first self-built railway.
At first, my trains used steam (蒸汽) and they were very slow. Their top speed was only 35 km/h. Then, the trains started to use diesel (柴油). Later, there were even better trains that used electricity. But it still took more than three hours to travel from Beijing to Zhangjiakou, Hebei.
In 2019, the new high-speed railway opened on Dec. 30. I was so excited. It will help people travel much faster. The high-speed train has a top speed of 350 km/h! It only takes 47 minutes to travel from Beijing to Zhangjiakou.
During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the two host cities of the event, welcomed lots of people from around the world.
I’m too old to keep working these days, but people will keep me as part of history. It’s a little sad. But I’m still proud of all the changes China has made. Zhan Tianyou must be proud too.
1. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway was built in2. Zhan Tianyou was a
3. At first, the trains’ top speed was only 35 km/h because they
4. It only takes
5. After reading the passage, we may feel
It’s easy to ride a bike, and there is no pollution when you are riding. But in some countries most people don’t go to work by bike because they wouldn’t like to spend more time and feel tired.
These days in England a kind of solar — powered bike — Cycle Sol is becoming more and more popular. On the one hand, people who ride it may not feel tired. On the other hand, it’s good for the earth.
The bright yellow “Cycle Sol” looks like a bike and it runs fast. Its motor runs on a solar energy battery（电池）. It’s charged with the help of a canopy（罩篷）lined with solar battery overhead. It can be charged in the day, even when the sky is cloudy. You can leave it outside the office during the day. And if it rains, the canopy will keep you dry. Isn’t it wonderful?
1题完成句子；2~3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第二段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. It’s easy to ride a bike, and there is
2. Why don’t most people in some countries go to work by bike?
3. What does the bright yellow “Cycle Sol” look like?
4.
5.
As we all know, plants and animals depend on water to live and grow. In fact, water is needed everywhere. Here are some cool facts about water.
Water in our body
Water isn’t just an important part of our planet. It’s an important part of our body, too. More than half of our whole body weight is water. Our body loses water whenever we sweat (流汗) or take a shower. That’s why we need to drink plenty of water every day.
Water in our life
We drink water. We use it to cook, clean, and carry waste out of our homes. Believe it or not, we probably use between about 300 and 380 kilos of water every day.
Water and weather
Water vapor (水蒸气) is the most important gas (气体) around us. It usually stays in the air for less than 2 weeks. It can become the rain which is good for plants. It can also become the snow and children love to play in it. Do you know that the biggest snowflake (雪花) fell in 1887? It was even bigger than a dinner plate (盘子). Is it surprising?
From water to electricity (电)
Water can run very fast. When it rains heavily, its speed through the air may reach at 20 miles an hour. Because of this, people use moving water to make electricity. For example, people built the Baihetan Hydropower Station (白鹤滩水电站) in Sichuan.
Title (标题): | |
| Water in our body | ★Water is important not only for |
| ★Water is necessary in every part of our life. We use too much water every day. | |
| Water and weather | ★Water vapor is |
| From water to electricity | ★The moving water |
Do you know the self-driving bullet (子弹) train just for the Beijing Winter Olympics? Is there anything new on the train? Let’s have a look!
The train links (连接) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host cities of the Games. With a top speed of 350 kilometers an hour, the train can run the 174-kilometer journey between the two cities in around 50 minutes, while a regular express (特快的) train takes three hours.
It is said to be the world’s first high-speed train with a 5G live broadcast studio (现场直播演播室). It can carry 564 passengers each trip in its eight cars (车厢). It has business, first-class and second-class cars. Besides, for the needs of media (媒体), it also has special working cars with 12 tables and international electric sockets (电源插座).
The train is painted in white and blue colors and there are 24 snowflakes (雪花) on the outside of the train, showing this is the 24th Winter Olympic Games. Inside the train, there are winter sports photos on the walls and paper snowflakes on top.
The Beijing Winter Olympic Games opened in February, 2022. The high-speed train provided transportation services for the 2022 Winter Olympics and the Paralympics (残奥会) from January 21 to March 16. Up to 40 pairs of trains traveled between the two cities every day.
1. Which two cities does the train link?2. Can the train run faster than a regular express train?
3. How many kinds of cars does the train have according to the passage?
4. What do the 24 snowflakes stand for (代表)?
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
Snow forests make up (构成) about 30% of the world’s total forest areas. These wonderful woodlands (林地) are not as famous as the Amazon rainforests but they are just as important.
Snow forests are mainly found in the far north of the world, in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall. Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months. But even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, mice and wolves.
These woodlands do an important job: helping to take away harmful gases (气体). The gases are given off by burning coal, oil and gas, which can cause climate (气候) change. However, snow forests are facing serious problems because of human activities. What’s worse, as the world gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen terrible fires spread through the forests.
Luckily, environmental and wildlife (野生生物的) groups around the world are working hard to protect snow forests. This means that cutting down trees is controlled in some areas. When wood is needed, replanting plans and careful forest management help to reduce the human influence so that the forests are managed in away that they can survive (存活) and regrow.
1. How much do snow forests make up the world’s total forest areas? (no more than 2 words)2. Where are snow forests mainly found? (no more than 7 words)
3. Are there animals living in snow forests? (no more than 3 words)
4. What makes snow forests face serious problems? (no more than 2 words)
5. Who are working hard to protect now forests? (no more than 4 words)
In recent years, to improve science education, several elderly scientists in China have been spreading scientific knowledge through short videos.
Liu Jiaqi from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) began to spread scientific knowledge online in November 2021. Liu has made over 100 short videos, many of which are about volcanoes (火山). “I believe that it is necessary for scientists to popularize science,” Liu said.
Wang Pinxian, a professor at Tongji University, shares his videos and even stories about science online. He is also a writer of books about science, which have been popular among readers. “A scientist should be able to explain scientific knowledge clearly and in simple words,” he said. “It can help young people to develop interest in science.”
Wang Yusheng used to work in the China Science and Technology Museum in Beijing. The 81-year-old shares his knowledge on ancient Chinese science and technology, as well as stories of famous scientists, like Galileo and Newton, with people through videos. He even spreads scientific knowledge among primary and middle schools across the country and he enjoys it. “Staying with teenagers makes me feel younger,” Wang Yusheng said.
Jin Yong, who is a professor at Tsinghua University, has spent six years producing science videos about chemistry. To Jin, science popularization is of great importance. It helps discover talent (人才) earlier. Jin believes that the seeds of science are spread in the hearts of students through science popularization.
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 中国科学院
1. When did Liu Jiaqi from CAS start to spread scientific knowledge on the Internet?2. What ability should a scientist have according to Wang Pinxian?
3. Where did Wang Yusheng use to work?
4. Why does Wang Yusheng like to spread scientific knowledge in schools?
5. Whose videos do you have interest in? Why?
Bullying (欺负) is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again. Bullying can take many forms, but all forms of bullying cause harm. Even if there’s no physical contact (接触) between a bully and their target (对象), people who are bullied may carry the terrible experience for the rest of their lives. That is why it is important to put a stop to bullying.
Bullying can happen at school and out of school. It includes:
◎calling people unkind names
◎laughing at people
◎taking someone’s things without permission
◎not letting someone play in a group
◎hitting people
Another kind of bullying happens online and includes:
◎sending unkind messages
◎sharing photos without permission
◎not letting someone be part of an online group
Bullying can happen to me or you or anyone. Millions of children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that we can all do to help.
If someone is unkind to you, tell an adult that you know or like. You can block a person who sends unkind message to you online. Don’t reply. Talk to your parents or teachers or an adult you know well if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend. Say sorry if you’re unkind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. Think about how to be kind in the future. We can all help to say no to bullying.
1. Why is it important to stop bullying? (no more than 20 words)2. If someone send unkind message online to you, what should you do? (no more than 10 words)
3. Who can you ask for help if you are bullied? ( no more than 15 words)
4. 请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
5. 请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目。
The world’s population is still going up and scientists are worried that there will not be enough food for everybody in the middle of this century. One plant from Madagascar, the kalanchoe fedtschenkok, may help. The special plant takes in carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）at night and it needs 10 times less water than corn and similar plants. This means it can grow in the desert（沙漠）.
It is dangerous to eat this plant, but scientists can study two things: How it takes in carbon dioxide at night when other plants only do this during the day and why it can live in the desert. There will be less land for growing food in the future. Deserts are growing as Earth’s climate（气候）gets warmer. Growing food in the desert will be more and more important.
There are two possible directions for future research. Growing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, but it isn’t impossible. One way is to use the genes（基因）from this plant and put them into plant we eat, like beans or corns.
The other possible direction is to grow this type of plant for fuel（燃料）. At the moment, people are asking why good land is used to grow plants for fuel and not for food. If we use desert land, we can save the good land for food.
The world’s climate is changing and the population is still increasing. There may be not enough food for human. The special plant could be an answer to our future food need.
1题完成句子；2、3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将画线句子译成汉语。
1. The special plant needs
2. What will be less in the future according to the text?
3. How could scientists solve the food problem in the future probably? （写出文中提到的两种方法）
4.
5.
