Etymology (语源), the study of words and word roots, may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small rooms. Yet etymologists actually have an interesting job. They are in many ways just like archaeologists (考古学家) digging up the history of people and events. The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history, so to speak, through the words and phrases that are left behind.
The English language is a great field to explore history through words. As a language, English has a number of words. In some way, this is because it has its ability to adapt (适应) foreign words so easily. For example, “English” words such as kindergarten (from German), croissant (from French), and cheetah (from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original (最初的) sounds and spellings. So English-language etymologists have a large world of words to explore.
Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries (谜). No, etymologists do not go around solving murders (谋杀), like the great detective (侦探) Sherlock Holmes. What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.
One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK. Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions, its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day. Even its spelling is not completely consistent(吻合的)—unless you spell it Okay, it is hard even to call it a word.
Etymologists have been able to narrow OK’s origin down to a likely, although not certain, source (来源). It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren’s run for president in 1840. His nickname (昵称) was Old Kinderhook. What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known. It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source. Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the original source. However, it is clear that OK’s popularity and reputation (名声) have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly connected with.
1. The author mentions the words like “croissant” in Paragraph 2 to show _________.| A．words have changed a lot in the two languages |
| B．what English-language etymologists are exploring now |
| C．English has absorbed (吸收) many words from other foreign languages |
| D．the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people |
| A．looked upon | B．dug up | C．put in | D．set down |
| A．discover the possible origin of words |
| B．help detectives to solve mysterious murders |
| C．write interesting stories for some newspapers |
| D．explore the English language as well as the recent events |
| A．To present the history of English words. |
| B．To explain what an etymologist does for his job. |
| C．To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots. |
| D．To teach readers how to tell English words from non-English words. |
相似题推荐
You might often use emojis（表情符号）when you talk to your friends online. But did you know when emojis came into our lives? Before emojis, emoticons（颜文字）first appeared（出现）.
Scott Fahlman was a teacher at Carnegie Mellon University, US. On September 19th, 1982, he made history by posting（发布）“: ﹣）” online. Guinness World Records（吉尼斯世界纪录）called it the “first digital emoticon”.
Over the past 40 years, emoticons and later emojis became central to our online chats. GIFs and memes（表情包 ）also appeared. Now there are 3, 600 emojis for us to show our feelings, according to CNN.
Emojis are like our body language online. When we can’t find the right words, emojis can help. They make our chats more effective（有效的）. According to a 2017 study, emojis help us get the same happiness from online talks that we get from talking in person. Our brain（大脑） “sees” them as language.
Emojis change, too! Unicode brings new versions（版本）emojis every year. And it cares about race（种族）, gender（性别）and others. In 2015, for example, it brought out emojis with different skin tones. In 2016, emojis about different jobs came out, with women’s versions of them.
1. Which of the following were the first to come into our lives?| A．emojis . | B．emoticons. | C．memes. |
| A．easy. | B．careful. | C．important. |
| A．Emojis can help our online talks go well. |
| B．Words can show our feelings better than emojis. |
| C．Emojis work better than body language. |
| A．New versions of emojis come out every year. |
| B．Using emojis makes it hard to learn new words. |
| C．Different groups of people should use different emojis. |
【推荐2】English is one of the most widely spoken language in the world. It has a rich history and has grown over time to become the language of international communication. Let’s follow the time line to learn more about the development of English.
In the 5th century
The origin of English dates back to the Germanic tribes (日耳曼部落) who moved to England. As it is known, old English is a language with many different dialects (方言).
In the 11th century
It was heavily influenced by Latin and French, which were the languages of the ruling classes.
In the 14th and 15th centuries
One of the most important periods in the history of the English language was the Renaissance (文艺复兴). During this period, many new words were borrowed from Latin and Greek and began to be used in English. This helped form the basic of Modern English.
In the 17th and 18th centuries
Many of the great works of Shakespeare, Milton and other writers were written in English. At this time, English became the language of science and writing, which greatly pushed the development of English.
Today
English is spoken by over 1.5 billion people worldwide. It is the language of international business, science and technology.
1. Old English refers to ________.| A．It’s easy to understand. | B．It’s a language of common people. |
| C．It’s similar to Modern English. | D．It’s a language with many dialects. |
| A．Many new words from Latin and Greek were used in English. |
| B．Germanic tribes moved to England. |
| C．Renaissance helped form modern English. |
| D．The period of Renaissance. |
| A．English became a famous language around the world. |
| B．The government added new words and phrases into English. |
| C．All the great works were written in English. |
| D．English became the language of science and writing. |
| A．To list reasons for developing English. |
| B．To introduce different periods of English development. |
| C．To give information about learning English. |
| D．To tell some stories about English. |
| A．Time | B．Space | C．Persons | D．Opinions. |
【推荐3】Jack is an American student. Every day, he says “ni hao” to his teachers and classmates in English.
Jack loves China and he is leaning (学习) Chinese. Now he can write (写) his Chinese name and some Chinese characters (文字). And he can speak a little Chinese with people. He loves Chinese history (历史), too. So he wants to visit Beijing and Xi’an.
In America, 40,000 students are Chinese. In 2022, the number of students will increase by 100,000. “I have some friends in China. They say English can help them find good jobs (工作),” Jack says. “I think Chinese can help American students find good jobs, too.”
A lot of foreign (外国的) students like Chinese culture(文化)very much. Now there are about 500 Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) in the world (世界). These schools will help foreign students learn Chinese well.
1. Jack says “ni hao” ________ every day.| A．at home | B．at school | C．in a shop | D．in a room |
| A．Chinese students | B．Chinese food | C．Chinese characters | D．Chinese history |
| A．增加 | B．减少 | C．消失 | D．获取 |
| A．Jack can speak Chinese with people well. |
| B．Jack can write some Chinese. |
| C．The number of students learning Chinese is 1,000,000 now. |
| D．Confucius Institutes help Chinese people learn English well. |
| A．Jack Likes China | B．Welcome to China |
| C．Foreign Students Learn Chinese | D．Chinese Can Find Good Jobs |
【推荐1】In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet and inactive. They can’t walk. And they can’t think like us.
Or can they? A new TV show, The Green Planet, gives us a new look at plants. Shown on Jan. 10th on Bilibili, it shows the wonderful ways that plants behave.
Plants compete against each other to live. Each plant has its own ways of protecting itself. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race for sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “war field” as only two percent of the sunlight can get through it. Similarly, some trees try to protect themselves in other ways.
Plants also help each other and even communicate with each other. For example, the roots(根)of euphrates populars (胡杨) are connected. If a tree finds water, it will share it with others through the roots. Studies also show that plants use fungi(真菌) as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of how Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets a leaf disease, it can tell the plants nearby about it. How amazing the plants are!
This TV program not only surprises us about the plant world, but also makes us understand the importance of the plants. It’s time to look after wild plants just as carefully as we treat our houseplants.
1. What’s the purpose of The Green Planet?| A．To show the wonders of plants. | B．To introduce how plants talk. |
| C．To let people buy plants in life. | D．To call on people to grow plants. |
| A．The sunlight. | B．The forest floor. | C．The Green Planet. | D．The fast-growing tree. |
| A．They are not important to our lives. | B．They are quiet and inactive. |
| C．They are similar to our houseplants. | D．They should be taken good care of. |
| A．The Different Ways Plants Compete | B．The Wonderful Ways Plants Behave |
| C．The Important Ways Plants Communicate | D．The New Ways We Protect Wild Plants |
The charity said watching TV and using computers and mobile phones at night can prevent teenagers getting the nine hours of sleep they need. Sleep Scotland, which also offers a sleep advising service, said getting enough sleep can improve grades and physical health. However, less sleep can be connected to being heavy and a greater risk of feeling upset and hopeless.
Jane Ansell, leader of Sleep Scotland, said, “I don't think any parent would think of sending out their child without enough food in the morning, or beautiful clothing, and they know how important exercise is, so why should you send your child out without enough sleep？”
The charity hopes to educate young people about why they need a full night's sleep and how to develop good sleeping habits. Kate Pearce, a teacher of guidance, said, “We see it more often at third year onwards. Pupils find it very difficult to get up in the morning and pay attention to their study. Sleep is most surely a problem.”
Research shows that sleep time for teenagers around the world has_decreased over the past 10 to 20 years. A report by the charity said young people often believed they could make up for(弥补) sleep time during the week by sleeping late at weekends. However, by going to bed even later at weekends they were actually forcing a change in their body clocks, which would influence their study on Monday mornings.
1. The first two paragraphs tell us that in Scotland ________．
| A．all teenagers have nine hours of sleep |
| B．teenagers can't sleep well at night |
| C．schools used to have no lessons on sleep |
| D．many people feel sad and hopeless |
| A．few teenagers go to school with breakfast |
| B．parents think sleep is less important |
| C．it's helpful to sleep more at weekends |
| D．less sleep may make teenagers heavy |
| A．has gone down |
| B．has been wasted |
| C．has come up |
| D．has been used up |
| A．culture | B．health |
| C．sports | D．business |
Playing sports has a lot of fun. But getting hurt is unavoidable.
Wear protective equipment.
The equipment you wear depends on the sport you play. Helmets (头盔) are the most common protective equipment. They protect your head while you’re playing football, baseball and softball, biking and so on.
Warm up.
Know the rules of the games.
Traffic lights help prevent crashes between the cars that drive on the roads together. This works because drivers know the rules and follow them—at least most of the time.
Some rules have nothing to do with scoring points. They are just about protecting other people. For example, a diver would make sure that the pool is clear before diving in. Otherwise, he or she might land on someone else.
This is a really important one. If you love sports, you may get right back to the game even you’re injured. But playing when you’re hurt is a bad idea. It can lead to an even worse injury.
| A．Watch out for others. |
| B．Don’t do too much exercise. |
| C．It’s the same way with sports. |
| D．Don’t play when you’re injured. |
| E．It’s not a good idea to just go to the field and start playing. |
| F．Take these steps to prevent injuries so that you can stay in the game. |
【推荐1】We should all have at least one fire extinguisher (灭火器) somewhere in our house or office building. However, it's not enough to simply keep an extinguisher somewhere. The best way to be ready for a sudden fire is to study this guide carefully and review it from time to time.
{1}Have a clear exit route (疏散路线)
Before using the fire extinguisher, make sure you have a clear exit route. If you cannot put out the fire, you will need to make a safe exit. Also, make sure everyone else is out.
{2} Report the fire
Even if the fire appears manageable, you should always have the firemen on the way. Once they arrive, they can double-check to see if the fire has been completely put out.
{3} Stand back
Face the fire and keep your back to the clear exit. You should stay between 1.8 and 2.5. meters away from the flames (火焰) as you prepare to use the fire extinguisher.
{4} Use the extinguisher
It can be difficult to think clearly during a fire. One method to help you remember how to use an extinguisher is to remember “PASS”:
▶P-Pull: Pull the pin on the fire extinguisher.
▶A-Aim (瞄准): Aim low. Point the nozzle at the bottom of the fire.
▶S-Squeeze: Squeeze (挤压) the handle to let out the extinguishing chemicals.
▶S-Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side until the fire is put out.
{5} _________
After the fire appears to be out, continue to watch the fire area to make sure it doesn’t start burning again. If the fire does start up again, repeat the “PASS”.
{6} Got to a safe place
Once the fire is out, or if you are unable to put it out, find a place out of reach of the fire.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。1. What is the text about?
| A．How to prevent a big fire. | B．How to use an extinguisher. |
| C．How to keep an extinguisher. | D．How to deal with a sudden fire. |
| A．To teach useful methods. | B．To make sure the fire is out. |
| C．To find the missing people. | D．To help leave the dangerous place. |
| A．②①④③ | B．⑧②④① | C．②④③① | D．③①④② |
| A．Keep an eye on things | B．Look for a safe place to go |
| C．Check the loss in the fire | D．Improve the “PASS” process |
| A．A better self. | B．Safety with me. | C．Young scientists. | D．Home, sweet home |
【推荐2】People around Me
My grandma | My grandma is a short woman with white hair. She is always happy. My grandma looks after my family. She does some housework, such as cooking meals and watering flowers for us. She is good at cooking. She is really kind. She often helps people. |
 Alice | Alice is my best friend. She is a tall girl with glasses. Alice is a clever girl. She is good at Maths. We often study and play table tennis together. I hope we can be friends forever. |
Mr. Li | Mr. Li is my Maths teacher. He is tall. His classes are always interesting because he uses lots of games in his teaching. When we meet with difficulties in learning Maths, he often helps us, He also asks us to read more books in our free time. Besides, he is good at telling stories. |
1. What does my grandma do for the family?
| A．She plays with me. | B．She often helps people. |
| C．She does some housework. | D．She helps me with my homework. |
| A．Grandma | B．Alice | C．Mr. Li | D．classmates |
| A．Because he is good at telling stories. | B．Because he uses games in his teaching. |
| C．Because he tells us to read more books. | D．Because he often helps us learn Maths. |
The aim (目的) of students who come to school is to study. But to study needs a right way, or we will waste (浪费) the time or the money. Here are some good ways for studying.
The best time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can learn well.
In studying we must be patient (耐心的). If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next one till we have learned the first one well.
When we are studying, we must put our hearts (心) into the book. We can not read absent-mindedly (心不在焉地), or we can get nothing from the book when we are reading.
We must always ask “why”. If you don’t understand something, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in any way.
There are many ways for studying, however, the above ways will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart and do so.
1. The passage tells us ______________.
| A．to read in the morning | B．good ways for studying |
| C．it’s important to read | D．to do more exercises |
| A．many | B．five |
| C．three | D．four |
| A．it’s hard to learn well |
| B．the air is fresh and our minds are clear |
| C．it’s easy to remember things we are learning |
| D．both B and C |
| A．easy to learn something from it |
| B．easy to understand it well |
| C．hard for us to get something from it |
| D．easy to get something from it |
| A．understand the book well |
| B．get some questions to ask our teachers |
| C．do with the new words |
| D．write down the questions |
