Laws (法律) are the rules of society, like when you play games you need rules to tell you how to play. In our everyday life, there are laws that act like rules to tell you what to do and not to do. Every country has its own set of laws and some are special to that country. Of course, laws are more powerful than game rules. If you break the law, you may be fined or go to prison.
Laws are very important because they bring order to society. For example, drivers must stop when the traffic light turns red and go when it is green. If people go and stop freely, driving will be dangerous. That’s when the Road Traffic Safety Law is used. There is also Criminal Law (刑法). It punishes people’s bad behaviors such as stealing or killing someone. Usually, a country has many laws to guide us in life. Among them, the constitution (宪法) is the most important.
The constitution lists people’s basic rights and duties (义务). For example, China’s Constitution (宪法) protects peoples privacy. This means that nobody can look at your letters without your permission (允许). It also says that when you reach the age of 18, you will have the right to vote (投票) and stand for election (选举). Since the constitution is so important to our everyday life, it must be taken seriously. In China, the National People’s Congress (NPC), which is made up of a group of people who are elected by Chinese citizens is the highest authority (行政管理机构). It has the power to make and change the constitution and other laws.
1. What may he be done if a person break the law?2. Why are laws very important?
3. What are listed in our country constitution?
4. What do you think of the laws as a middle school student in your life? Why?
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It could be time for Pan to realize her dream. Several months ago， China ended its long-lasted one-child policy(政策)， and now every couple can have two children. But what would it be like growing up with a sibling(兄弟姐妹)?
A sibling can stop children from having feelings such as loneliness and fear， according to Laura， a professor from Brigham Young University， US. “Siblings give kids something that parent can’t”.
But there are downsides too. You need to share things with your siblings， including attention from parents， toys， the TV. There could be lots of competition， name calling(吵架)， and even hair-pulling.
Even the birth of order can make a difference. US psychologist(心理学家) Kevin said the birth order decides how parents treat their children. It will then lead to different characteristics in children. Kevin explained that parents are usually very nervous and strict on the first child. So firstborns are often responsible(负责的) and have success more easily. When the couple have a second child， they are more relaxed. So late-born kids are usually humorous and creative.
阅读以上信息，完成下面的表格，每空一词。
| What life is like with a sibling(兄弟姐妹) | |
| Advantages(好处) | Children may not Children can Firstborns are often responsible while late-born kids are creative and have a sense of |
| Downsides | Children can’t enjoy things There could be lots of |
China has made some rules to limit（限制）online gaming for people under the age of 18 these years.
In 2019, those under the age of 18 mustn’t play at all between 10 pm and 8 am. And they can only play online games for no more than 90 minutes. Real names and phone numbers were needed then too.
In 2021, if you’re a fan of video games, you’re now limited to just three hours of play a week. Children can only play online games for one hour in the evening on Fridays, Saturdays, Sundays or during the holidays. On these nights, playing games will only be allowed between 8 pm and 9 pm.
What’s more, online gaming companies have to make sure that players use their real names and birth dates when they sign up（注册）. And the country will check the companies more often to make sure they are following the new rules.
All the rules try to protect the health of children. China has taken many steps to limit the bad effects（影响）of the Internet. Gaming distracts（分心）children from their families and schoolwork. People hope the rules can stop children from spending too much time playing online games.
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A five-year-old girl in London was fined（被罚款）＄194 for selling cups of lemon juice. She cried and said: “I did a bad thing.”
Her father, Andre Spicer, said his daughter set up a table on a street near her home. She wanted to sell her lemon juice to people who were going to a music festival. She just wanted to put a smile on people’s faces.
Andre Spicer said after she started selling her lemon juice, four government officers（政府官员） walked over to the table. He thought that they would ask them to put them away and go home, but they filmed them on a camera and read them something from a paper about not having a trade licence（交易许可证）. The officers then fined them.
But in the end, another government officer said sorry to them and said: “The fine will be stopped at once.”
1. Did the fine make the girl sad?2. Why did the girl want to sell her lemon juice?
3. What did the government officer do at last?
4. Do you think the government officer should fine the girl? Why or why not?
Sometimes the world may feel like an unhappy place. However, you can make a difference. If you make even a person smile today, you can help make this world a better place. Here is a list of ideas to help you.
Send a handwritten letter. In this age where everything is sent by email, it is a shock to receive a letter through the post. Writing a few words on paper to a friend is an easy way to make one smile. Even a postcard with a couple of sentences could really make someone’s day—all for the price of a stamp!
Volunteer. Volunteering is one of the nicest things you can do. It requires（需要）some time and research to find the perfect project before volunteering. There are so many chances, so you are sure to find one that is right for you. And it doesn’t necessarily have to take up all your time—it could be once a week or a couple of times a year.
Make something for a special person. Whether you’re creative or not, taking time to make something for someone else shows how much you appreciate（感激）them. Even if you think you are not creative, the receiver will feel lucky to get such a special gift that you put your time into. Some ideas could include a card, painting, drawing, song, poem or cake!
Tell someone “I love you”. It can be anyone—a family member or a friend. You don’t even have to say “I love you”. Perhaps you can tell a friend that you appreciate all they are to you, or remind your mum that you love her. Sometimes, in our busy lives, we forget to take a moment to tell people what they mean to us.
1. Is writing a few words on paper an easy way to make a friend smile?2. What does it require to find the perfect project before volunteering?
3. How will the receiver feel to get a special gift?
4. What do we sometimes forget to do in our busy lives?
5. What is the passage mainly about?
Besides nucleic acid tests (核酸检测) now there is another way: COVID-19 antigen test kits (抗原检测试剂盒). People can buy them in stores and online then test for COVID-19 by themselves.
What are the differences between the nucleic acid tests and the antigen tests?
>Antigens (抗原) are like the “clothes” of a virus (病毒), and nucleic acid is the gene (基因) of a virus.
>Antigen tests can show results much faster, in about 15 minutes.
> Antigen tests don’t need a lab (实验室). People can do them at home.
>When the amount of virus is small, the nucleic acid test can detect (检测) it but an antigen test cannot.
1. Where can people buy antigen test kits?2. What are antigens like?
3. How soon can antigen tests show results?
4. Can people do the antigen tests at home?
【推荐3】Old people usually have more free time to enjoy their holidays. But there are a few things they should keep in mind while travelling during the long holiday.
Make a good plan first. Get to know your destination (目的地) earlier. Find out the weather for the holidays and choose some fun place to go with friends or family members. You also need to prepare something necessary like an umbrella before you leave.
Talk to your doctor. Let him or her know about your travel plans. Then they may give you some advice on health and provide some useful medicine for your travelling.
Take your medicine. Old people should always think about any illness that might suddenly happen. Bring enough medicine during your whole holiday. Don't leave your medicine exposed (暴露的) in your room while you're away. Always place it in a safe place.
Avoid showing off your treasure. Keep your gold watch, diamond necklace or something expensive at home while you're travelling. If you have stayed in a hotel with such things, use the room safety service to store them while you're gone. Never put the "clean my room" sign on the door.
Travel comfortably. Old people should always think of ways to make themselves feel great while travelling. Try to wear flat shoes and loose clothes. And always remember to use the suitcase wheels for easy movement.
1~2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下全文的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. Your
2. Old people should wear
3. What should old people take with them in case of any illness?
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