Long long ago, people lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants and they didn’t need to use money.
As time passed, families had more products (产品) than they needed, such as animals and crops. So they needed to trade with others. They began to use money to make it easier. However, it was not like the money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt or large stones.
During the 600 BC, people began using coins as money. Because they were easier to carry than goods (货物), countries began to make coins as their money.
The Chinese were the first to use paper money, probably in the 11th century. An Italian traveler, Marco Polo, saw the Chinese use paper money when he visited China in the 1200s. After his travel, he told the western people what he saw. But European countries didn’t start using paper money till the1600s.
Today people have many ways to pay for things, such as coins, paper money and cards. Some prefer to pay by card. That’s because paying with a card is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of “real” money.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。1. People begin to use money because they ________.
| A．lived on plants | B．raised animals |
| C．needed to trade | D．could change products |
| A．shells | B．coins | C．cards | D．paper |
| A．Japan. | B．USA. | C．China. | D．England. |
| A．One | B．Two | C．Three | D．Four |
| A．history | B．use | C．collection | D．kinds |
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【推荐1】Zebra crossings can tell drivers that pedestrians(行人) may be trying to get across. A study reported that three out of four drivers kept the same speed as they were coming near a crossing. Even worse, only 5% stopped when they saw someone trying to get across.
Now a mother-daughter team, Thakkar and Pandya, in Ahmedabad, India have thought out a clever way to get drivers to pay more attention—a zebra crossing with an optical illusion(视错觉).
The artists painted these 3-D crosswalks on the highways in Ahmedabad. They wanted to help the city’s residents to cross the busy roads safely. They had ever seen images of 3-D zebra crossings on the streets in Taizhou, China. They decided to test if their 3-D crosswalks would work in India. Sure enough, in the six months that the 3-D crosswalks have been painted across four of the city’s most dangerous highways—there have been no accidents reported!
It may seem that the zebra-crossing could cause the drivers to brake suddenly, but such is not the case. Because of the way the human eye works, the illusion is only seen from a distance. As they get closer, the painting looks just like any other usual zebra crossing. But since the driver is driving slower, he or she is more likely to stop.
The artists hope that their smart design will become more and more common in India and perhaps even in the world.
1. We can infer from the passage that ________| A．people should go across the road carefully. | B．a few drivers are not good at their work. |
| C．the usual zebra crossings can’t help a lot. | D．some of the drivers have poor sight. |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By telling us a story. |
| C．By following the order of time. | D．By using numbers. |
| A．lose their way | B．turn around | C．stop the car | D．see nothing clearly |
| A．Everyone will follow the traffic rules. |
| B．There will be all kinds of zebra crossings in India. |
| C．Drivers will pay more attention to pedestrians. |
| D．There will be more 3-D crosswalks all over the world. |
What do three hearts, eight arms and one huge brain add up to? An octopus, a creature that can do amazing things. Octopuses are very clever. As they don’t have teeth or sharp claws to defend themselves, they have ever learnt a few tricks to get out of dangerous situations. Do you know how they do that?
They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks. Because octopuses have very soft bodies, they can hide themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get rid of enemies.
The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand. This color change happens in less than a minute.
Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink. It can shoot ink into the water. The ink forms a cloud to blind its enemies. It's like a magician doing a disappearing act.
If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake. It will bury itself in the sand except two arms. It will change the color of those arms to match a sea snake.
But what if there’s no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms. The arm will then change colors and move around the water. As the enemy starts chasing after the arm, the octopus can swim away quickly. Don’t worry, though. The octopus’ arm will grow back soon.
1. How many tricks are mentioned in the text?| A．3. | B．4. | C．5. | D．6. |
| A．It has three hearts. | B．It has eight arms. |
| C．It can make itself look like a snake. | D．It can change the color of its skin. |
| A．Run after its enemy. | B．Break off one arm. |
| C．Fight with sharp teeth. | D．Move around the water. |
| A．Adventures in water | B．Magician of the sea |
| C．Soft bodies between rocks | D．Enemy behind the cloud |
【推荐3】How much time do you spend looking at your smart phone, iPad, or computer every day? These electronic devices（设备）help us in many ways, but they may cause health problems, too.
Too much screen time can cause eye tiredness, which leaves your eyes feeling dry and painful and could even affect your ability to see. To help your eyes stay healthy, follow the “20-20-20” rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Your eyes aren’t the only parts of your body that could become worse from using electronic devices. People who type a lot can develop an injury. The repeated movement of typing with fingers can cause pain and lead to losing strength. To avoid this, do this exercise: put a rubber band （橡皮筋）around the tips of your five fingers and open your hand to make the rubber band bigger and wider. Repeat this a few times.
Scientists suggest that electronic devices can hurt your mind too. One of the biggest problems is that using these things can affect your sleep styles. Doctors say the screen light stops you from feeling sleepy. So they advise people not to use electronic devices for at least one hour before trying to sleep.
Another serious danger is Internet addiction（瘾）. Many people turn to the Internet to get relaxation. They wish to get away from stress, sadness or loneliness. Over time, control the amount of time you spend online.
Remember, there is more to life than looking at an electronic screen, please use your smart phone or computer in a healthy way.
1. The first 20 of the “20-20-20” rule in the passage suggests ________.| A．how long the break should last | B．how often you have the break |
| C．how many times you need to take a break | D．how far you look at things from you |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．Eyes, figures and mind. | B．Ears, figures and feelings. |
| C．Eyes, fingers and mind. | D．Ears, fingers and feelings. |
| A．call on people to use electronic devices healthily |
| B．introduce the 20-20-20 rule for people to follow |
| C．tell people to keep away from the electronic devices |
| D．advise lonely people to use more electronic devices |
【推荐1】As we all know, the situation of school violence（校园暴力） most appears in high school, because the students are in the age of rebellious phase（叛逆期）. But recently, the school violence situation is increasing rapidly with a trend of small age among primary school and secondary school students. The reason why students become more violent than before, I think both parents and school are lay responsibility at this.
Firstly, some parents make a pet of their child so much that they won’t let other child hurt their baby a little bit. They teach their children to get what they want, but they didn’t tell them how to get them in a right way. As a result, children use wrong ways, like using violence.
Secondly, most schools care for the teaching quality too much, so they think little the mental（心理的） growth of the students. Compare to the student grades，the bully case（欺凌事件）doesn’t seem so important, if it’s not so serious. In fact, the abuser（施暴者） will become more violent if no one stops them.
People think that parents should educate their children strictly and teach them to respect others and be friendly to others. Making a pet of children is killing the children slowly. Some laws make the society and the school have few ways to punish the abusers and they become more violent. We agree to protect the children. But to those abusers, people strongly ask for our government should make the strict laws to stop school violence.
1. Where is the school violence situation increasing rapidly recently?| A．In high school. | B．Between children and parents. |
| C．In every family. | D．Among primary and secondary school students. |
| A．Become friendlier. | B．Become weaker. |
| C．Become more violent. | D．Become better and better. |
| A．Parents should guide their children rightly. |
| B．School pay more attention to the mental growth of the students. |
| C．Our government should make more strict laws. |
| D．All above. |
| A．School violence. | B．Rebellious phase. | C．The abuser. | D．The victim. |
【推荐2】There’s much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It’s just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!
What’s more, in deeper water, colors just don’t seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths of light that are reflected from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let’s take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
1. You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because ________.| A．your eyesight is quite poor |
| B．you are not quick enough |
| C．it is not as close as it seems |
| D．it disappears very quickly |
| A．the size | B．the color | C．the position | D．the weight |
| A．go up | B．come out | C．take in | D．move down |
| A．A four-meter-long fish looks three meters long underwater. |
| B．The wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light. |
| C．Much water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the water. |
| D．You will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea. |
| A．The Standard of Color Underwater |
| B．The Direction of Light Underwater |
| C．The Brightness of Color Underwater |
| D．The Behavior of Light Underwater |
【推荐3】Children’s Games in Ancient China
During ancient times, children didn’t have much to enjoy themselves. However, they came up with interesting games to play in their childhood.
| Kicking stone balls During the Qing Dynasty, kicking a stone ball around was a popular game in the northern part of China, and it was often played in winter to keep warm. |
| Playing hide-and-seek Hide-and-seek is a traditional game for children, popular around the nation. There are two ways to play: covering a child’s eyes while other kids run around to tease(戏弄) him or, more commonly, others hide and one child must try to find them. |
| Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made of wood, instead of paper. The three most famous kites are Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its own feature. For example, the bird-shaped kite with long wings is a special kind of the Beijing kite. |
| Watch shadow plays(皮影戏) The closest thing to watch a film during ancient times was going to see a shadow play. The artists control puppets(木偶) behind the screen and tell stories to the music. |
| A．played in summer | B．like flying kites |
| C．invented in Beijing | D．popular in North China |
| A．One plays and others watch. |
| B．Others hide and one tries to find. |
| C．One runs and others try to catch. |
| D．Others run while one covers his eyes. |
| A．Science. | B．Medicine. | C．Entertainment. | D．Technology. |
China is the first country in the world to use paper money. During the Northern Song dynasty, traders came up with paper money instead of the heavy copper (铜) coins.
We’ve come a long way since the first paper money appeared. In fact, it’s quite possible that you might not even have any paper money in your pocket right now. Why? Because you have WeChat Wallet and Alipay.
It is true that there are advantages and disadvantages of going cashless. To tell the truth, it’s quite convenient.
But each coin has two sides. It also has some risks. People could get cyber-attack while paying online. What’s more, it’s harder to control your spending when you’re paying with money that can’t be seen.
| A．The early paper money was called jiaozi. |
| B．When did the Chinese begin to use paper money? |
| C．Some countries are having a try to make it come true. |
| D．Nowadays there are more and more shopping websites. |
| E．Also most young people are used to going shopping online. |
| F．And you even don’t have to worry about losing your money. |
Money may not buy happiness, but it helps. Many teenagers want to learn how to manage money before going out into the world. Be smart with your money. This idea is raised by Dr. Mara Harvey, a money expert.
Learn to make money. Ask parents or neighbors if you can do chores to make pocket money.
Help your money grow.
Make a plan. If you have a big event, such as a holiday coming up, it might mean you will need to spend more of your pocket money.
| A．Spend your money wisely. |
| B．Here is some of her useful advice. |
| C．Saving money is also making money. |
| D．Try making a plan for spending and saving. |
| E．Money can’t grow if it’s sitting inside a piggy bank. |
| F．It can be washing a car or taking the dog for a walk. |
【推荐3】What percent of money do you spend on food every month? How about on other things? Last week we did a survey in our neighborhood. Here are the results of Peter’s and Mary’s monthly spending on each of the items（项目）.
Peter’s monthly spending
Mary’s monthly spending
1. On which item does Peter spend the least money?
| A．Entertainment. | B．Housing. | C．Gasoline. | D．Utilities. |
| A．Housing. | B．Insurance. | C．Savings. | D．Food. |
| A．Peter takes buses or taxis while Mary drives a car. |
| B．Mary spends less money on housing than on food. |
| C．Mary doesn’t save any money every month. |
| D．Both Peter and Mary spend over 10 percent of their money on taxes. |
