①If a child has brown hair and blue eyes, one or both of the child’s parents probably has brown hair and blue eyes. Why? Genes (基因). Scientists know that the way people look is passed down from parent to child by information in genes. But how about other things? If a parent is shy, then would the child also be shy? If a parent is smart, then will the child also be smart? Scientists want to know how much genes and ways of raising can affect (影响) a person.
②One way scientists have studied this question is by studying identical twins who were separated (分开) at birth. Identical twins are twins that look the same on the outside. They also have the same genes on the inside. This is how scientists study their nature. Many years ago, when twins were given away to other families at birth, they didn’t always go to the same family. So, they were separated and raised in different ways. This was of great interest to scientists. Even if the twins had the same genes and looked the same, did they turn out the same as adults? Here are what the scientists have found.
③For some things, such as looks or diseases, the twins turned out the same. Even if one twin drank lots of milk and the other did not, they were of similar heights as adults. Even if one twin exercised and ate healthy food and the other did not, they could get the same disease as adults. Scientists found that how each twin was raised could not change much.
④However, in the case of personality (个性), the answer is not so clear. Some separated twins had completely different personalities and lives as adults. Other separated twins were almost exactly the same. They dressed the same, talked the same, and even had the same jobs—even though they had never met!
⑤In the end, there seems to be no simple answer. As a whole, it seems people become who and what we are because of both genes and how we are raised.
1. How does the writer lead in the topic?| A．By telling stories. | B．By asking questions. |
| C．By comparing facts. | D．By listing numbers. |
| A．The identical twins who grew up together after they were born. |
| B．The identical twins who had different genes and looks. |
| C．The identical twins who looked different but had the same genes. |
| D．The identical twins who grew up in different families from birth. |
| A．The importance of the study. | B．The ways of the study. |
| C．The results of the study. | D．The rules of the study. |
| A．Genes and how we are raised make us who we are. |
| B．We become who we are mostly because of our genes. |
| C．The people we become depend on how we were raised. |
| D．Genes are the main reason for personality development. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Coca-Cola is probably the world’s most popular and famous soft drink. It was invented in 1886, and it is still going strong today.
Coca-Cola was first invented by John Pemberton, a man in Atlanta, USA. In 1886, he made up a new kind of medicine for tiredness and headaches. Two of the most important ingredients(成分) at that time were coca(古柯) leaves and kola nuts(可乐果)—and that’s how the drink got its name. Pemberton sold the first glass in May, 1886 in Atlanta. But it tasted terrible, and as a result almost nobody wanted to buy it.
Later, a businessman called Asa Candler wanted to make Coca-Cola a drink instead of a medicine. He mixed it with water and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and it worked. Everybody wanted to buy it and in only a few years Coca-Cola became the national drink of the United States. Until 1899 people could not take the soft drink away from shops to drink at home. They had to drink them in the shops. However, when the Coca-Cola drink became very popular, people wanted to take home bottles of it, so Mr. Candler agreed to sell it in bottles.
During the Second World War(二战), American soldiers drank three million bottles of Coca-Cola a day! They helped to spread the name and the taste of the drink all over the world. Today, nearly 300 million bottles are drunk every day around the world.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. Coca-Cola was named because of ________.
| A．its birthplace | B．its ingredients | C．American soldiers |
| A．the medicine | B．water and CO₂ | C．the mix of the medicine with water and CO₂ |
| A．from bottles | B．in their homes | C．in shops |
| A．the history of Coca-Cola | B．the development of Coca-Cola Company | C．how Coca-Cola was invented |
Today we see people shake hands in different places. They shake hands(握手) for different reasons. People sometimes shake hands when they say goodbye. Players often shake hands before and after games. We shake hands when we meet new people or during special festivals.
Why do people shake hands? Why don’t they shake feet? Here is a story. A long time ago people used knives or other dangerous things in fighting. If some of them decided(决定) to stop, they would show there were no knives or other dangerous(危险的) things in their hands. People shook hands to show there weren’t these things in any parts of their clothes. Later, shaking hands became a symbol of peace.
Now we shake hands all the time! It’s still a way to show we are friendly.
1. People don’t shake hands when they ________ according to the passage.| A．meet for the first time | B．start a game |
| C．say “yes” | D．say goodbye |
| A．打架 | B．玩耍 | C．交流 | D．和谈 |
| A．made(制造) knives | B．didn’t carry(携带) knives |
| C．liked knives | D．didn’t want knives |
| A．because they can’t do other things |
| B．because they love shaking hands a lot |
| C．because shaking hands isn’t hard to do |
| D．because they want to show they are friendly |
| A．Special festival. | B．Shaking hands. |
| C．History of knives. | D．Rules of game. |
【推荐3】A new study shows that meeting three standards can help kids have stronger brains. The standards are getting nine to eleven hours of sleep each night, undertaking at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day, and spending less than two hours of screen time a day.
The study came out on 27th September, 2018 in The Lancet Child &Adolescent Health. It examined the habits of more than 4, 500 children aged between 8 and 11 in the United States. The study found that 29% of the children met none of these standards, while 41% met only one. About 25% met two and just 5% met all the three standards.
The kids were given tests to measure (测定) memory, attention, language skills and planning. Children who met all the three standards scored highest, and they had the best cognition (Cognition refers to how we learn and understand things). What’s more, the more standards the children met, the better their cognitive abilities were. The researchers wrote that their findings especially showed the importance of limiting (限制) screen time and encouraging healthy sleep.
“We found that more than two hours of screen time in children led to poorer cognition. More research into the relationship between screen time and cognition is now needed, including studying the influence of different types of screen time, and whether the programme is educational or not.”
1. Which doesn’t meet the standards?| A．Sleeping for ten hours at night. |
| B．Surfing the Internet for an hour a day. |
| C．Watching TV for half an hour every day. |
| D．Taking exercise for half an hour every day. |
| A．About 25% of the children met only one standard. |
| B．Most children didn’t meet any of the three standards. |
| C．More than 220 children met all the three standards. |
| D．Those who met two standards had the best cognitive abilities. |
| A．how healthy sleep improves cognition |
| B．how screen time influences cognition |
| C．how many hours’ sleep kids need every night |
| D．how many kids like watching educational programmes |
| A．Ways to live a happy life |
| B．Habits for a healthy brain |
| C．A new study on children’s scores |
| D．The importance of less screen time |
【推荐1】Everyone is on a diet(节食). Does that sound funny? Well, it’s true. A diet is the food you eat every day. But the word “diet” can also mean controlling calories(卡路里) or the kinds of food you eat to lose weight(体重). Some kids worry about their weight and say they’re going on a diet. You may also want to know if you should be on a diet, too. In fact, most kids do not need to and should not diet in this way. Why? Let’s find out.
A calorie is a measure of energy(能量). There are calories in all food and most drinks. When someone diets, he or she is trying to get fewer calories than the body uses. By doing this, the person may get thinner than before. But kids do not need to diet in this way.
In fact, kids are growing. They need healthy food to keep their bodies growing well. Some kids are heavy, but they can improve their health by doing more exercise. Being much too heavy can bring health problems, but kids may become less healthy by eating little or deciding to eat just one kind of food, such as cabbage soup.
Now that you know more about diet, you can tell people you’re on a very special diet—a balanced(平衡的), healthy one just right for a kid!
1. What does the underlined word “controlling” in the first paragraph mean in Chinese?| A．摄入 | B．增加 | C．控制 | D．取消 |
| A．kids need fewer calories than old people | B．we can find calories in all kinds of drinks |
| C．getting more calories keeps a person healthy | D．getting fewer calories may make a person thinner |
| A．doing more exercise | B．eating just one kind of food |
| C．getting fewer calories | D．keeping a light weight |
| A．Children need calories in drinks like cola to grow. | B．Most children don’t need to have a diet at all. |
| C．Eating little is good for children’s health. | D．Children must have a special diet every day. |
| A．What Is a Calorie? | B．Is Dieting OK for Kids? |
| C．Who Needs to Be on a Diet? | D．Why Do People Lose Weight? |
| Last month, we made a survey among 300 students at our school. The questions we asked were, “ Who would you talk with when in trouble? And “why?” Here are some answers from them. | ||
| I would talk with my parents when in trouble. They are older than me and have more experience of life. They always listen to me carefully and give me helpful ideas .I trust them. Zhang Hao | Life is full of small troubles. But I’m never afraid of them. I would talk them with my friends when in trouble because we understand each other and they always give me good suggestions. I won’t feel worried. Chen Lei | I am a quiet girl. I like to keep my secrets. I think nobody can really understand me except myself. So I never tell others when I’m in trouble. Li Yan |
1. Zhang Hao likes to talk with his ____________ when in trouble.
| A．parents | B．classmates | C．friends | D．brothers |
| A．brave | B．active | C．funny | D．quiet |
| A．happiness | B．small troubles | C．friends | D．funny experience |
【推荐3】People are trying to build “green buildings” that are friendly to the environment. They might not seem any different from common buildings. But let’s take a closer look.
Stay cool and warm. It takes a lot of energy to light rooms. It also takes energy to heat and cool buildings. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. Special insulation (隔热材料) inside keeps heat inside in winter and keeps heat outside in summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling. Some green buildings don’t need any radiators (散热器) or air conditioning at all!
Save the trees. What a building is made from can also help the planet. To save forests, some green buildings have bamboo floors instead of wood. Bamboo looks like wood, but it’s actually a grass. It grows back 20 times faster than a tree. Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and reduces pollution of producing something new.
Make better home. City planners like green buildings because they save money and they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
As more people become concerned (担忧的) about climate change, more buildings are going green. Experts are finding new ways to build green buildings. We also need to change our mind. Let’s take action now!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1. How does an energy-smart building save energy for heating and cooling?
| A．It uses air conditioners. | B．It uses smart radiators. | C．It has special thick walls. |
| A．it is a recycled material | B．it grows back much faster | C．it can keep the room warm |
| A．build a whole new green building |
| B．pay attention to climate change |
| C．make small changes to our home |
（①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2,..）
A． | B． | C． |
