Do you often feel cold in winter? When you feel cold, what do you do to warm yourself up? Do you put on more clothes? When it’s cold, how do you sense that?
I like to take a bath. I like the way the warm water feels on my skin. I do not like to get out of the bathtub (浴缸). When I get out of the bathtub, I get really cold. Sometimes I am so cold that my teeth begin shaking, and I start to shiver (颤抖). Why do we shiver when we are cold?
Shivering is a reflex (反射). We don’t have to think about a reflex in order to make it happen. When the air around us suddenly becomes cooler, the nerves (神经) in our skin sense that we are cold. These nerves then send messages to our brain. The brain sends messages back that race through our bodies. These messages tell all of our muscles (肌肉) to start warming up.
Our muscles then start tightening (绷紧) and relaxing. They do this very quickly over and over again. These quick actions are the shivers. These shivers help to warm us up. So the next time you start to shiver, thank your nerves. They’re working to warm you up before you even have the chance to shout, “Mom, I’m c-c-c-old!”
1. When ______, we often shiver.| A．we feel cold |
| B．we get out of the bathtub |
| C．we take a bath |
| D．our teeth begin shaking |
| A．To help us warm up when we are cold. |
| B．To help us to become brave. |
| C．To help us think about something. |
| D．To help send messages to our brain. |
| A．encourage you to take more baths |
| B．show the best way to stay warm |
| C．tell you how and why your body shivers |
| D．tell you how to stop shivering |
| A．Shiver Me! |
| B．Shivering: What a Strange Way to Warm Up! |
| C．How to Stop Shivering |
| D．Shivering is Not for the Weak |
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Baggy has become the first dog in the UK-and might be the world-to join the fight against air pollution by recording the pollution levels (水平) near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor (监视器) around her neck. It is different from the normal pollution monitors fixed on lampposts (路灯柱) at about 3 meters high, so she can record pollution levels close to the ground.
This idea comes from Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. Since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (婴儿车), her monitor shows a different result. The pollution levels are much higher than those recorded by the Environment Agency at higher places in the air. Tom has reported the shocking findings to the government in order to warn that babies are at higher risk of having asthma (哮喘).
Matt Hunt said he was very proud of his son because when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it until he finally makes it. And he really wants to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma.
“Tom were interested in environmental protection at a very early age as well as gadgets (小装置) making.” Matt added.“About one year ago, he got this new place of technology. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it around Baggy’s neck and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.”
Tom said “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time, she is a super dog, and we all really take pride in her.”
1. With a monitor around her neck, Baggy can ________.| A．lower air pollution | B．record pollution levels | C．process pollution information |
| A．High places hardly have air pollution. |
| B．The air near the ground is more polluted. |
| C．The normal monitors are more dependable. |
| A．continues working on | B．comes up with | C．is good with |
| A．Smart and outgoing | B．Helpful and creative | C．Talented and brave |
| A．Air pollution worries many parents. |
| B．A boy and his dog make a difference. |
| C．High-tech products spread in the UK. |
1. You may need ________ to do this experiment.
| A．low-fat milk | B．a teaspoon | C．plastic | D．glue |
| A．Step 2 | B．Step 3 | C．Step 4 | D．Step 6 |
| A．teenagers | B．teachers | C．researchers | D．parents |
An echo is a reflected(反射)sound. Stand in a very large, empty hall with nothing on the walls. Then shout. The sounds you make will hit the walls and come back to you. The walls reflect the sounds. These reflected sounds are called “echoes”.
We can use reflected sound to make sound travel farther. Hold a watch about fifty centimeters from your ear. You cannot hear it. The sound of the watch travels a short way in all directions. It does not travel as far as your ear. You can make it travel to your ear by using a roll of cardboard(纸板筒).
Make the roll of cardboard about fifty centimeters long. Put one end over your ear and hold the watch at the other. Now you can hear the watch because the sound has not gone in all directions. It is reflected down the roll to your ear.
A megaphone(喇叭筒)works in the same way. It makes sound travel farther. It reflects the sound into a beam which can travel a long way. In the ship, the sailor uses the megaphone to make his voice travel. Without the megaphone, his voice cannot travel far.
We use reflected sound in many ways. We use it to measure the depth of the sea, for example. Among the animals, bats and whales use reflected sound to tell them where they are and what things are near them.
1. What is called “echo”?
| A．Very loud voices. |
| B．Very loud voices that are made by man. |
| C．Very loud voices that are made by animals. |
| D．The sound that is made by man or animals comes back from some place. |
| A．shout in a small room |
| B．shout in a large house full of things |
| C．shout in narrow valleys(山谷) |
| D．shout in the open air |
a. We hear the reflected sound
b. The sound returns to us
c. The sound hits the walls
d. We make a sound
| A．c, b, a, d | B．c, a, b, d | C．d, c, b, a | D．d, b, c, a |
| A．reflected sound is useful only to blind people |
| B．people haven’t made use of reflected sound yet |
| C．bats use reflected sound to fly and get food |
| D．whales don’t use reflected sound as they live in the sea |
| A．a long piece of wood | B．a roll of cardboard |
| C．a thin thread | D．a long piece of silk |
【推荐1】Learning a foreign language is not a popular choice at school in Britain. In UK schools it is common for children to start studying a foreign language at the age of 11 and many students give up languages completely at 14.
▲ Research suggests that students think that it is more difficult to get good grades in languages than in other subjects such as science or history. The British government is now looking for different ways to improve language learning at school. One idea is to start much younger; there are plans to introduce foreign languages from the age of five.
Another plan is to give school children more choices. The languages traditionally studied in British schools have been French, Spanish and German. Now the government is encouraging teachers to increase the choices of foreign languages.
Chinese is planned to become the second most popular foreign language learned in UK schools. It is already studied by more children than those who studied German or Russian. Only French and Spanish are more popular.
Gareth from Wales says, “I am learning Chinese, and find it fun.” Another student, says, “Just telling people that I learn Chinese impresses(使人印象深刻) people.”
1. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ ?| A．But when do young people stop studying a foreign language? |
| B．So why don’t young people continue with languages at school? |
| C．What can government do to help children with language learning? |
| D．And how many subjects do the children study at school? |
| A．encourages its people to speak English |
| B．encourages its people to learn foreign languages |
| C．doesn’t care about its people’s language learning |
| D．doesn’t allow its people to learn other languages |
| A．French, Spanish, Chinese | B．German, French, Chinese |
| C．Chinese, French, Spanish | D．French, Chinese, German |
| A．Children find learning Chinese difficult | B．Children find learning Chinese useless |
| C．more and more children will come to China | D．more and more children like learning Chinese |
【推荐2】The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named "DriveLAB" in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the main stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the main reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated（隔绝）and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle（汽车内的）technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: "For many older people, especially those living alone or in the country, driving is important for keeping their independence（独立）, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to depend on others."
"But we all have to accept that as we get older, our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to."
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: "The Drivel-AB is helping us to understand what the main stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to assist（帮助）them and solve these problems."
"For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they tried hard to keep at a constant speed and some were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the advantages of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that."
"We hope that our work will help with technological solutions（解决方案）to make sure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel."
1. What is the purpose of the Drivel-AB?| A．To teach people traffic rules. | B．To design new types of cars. |
| C．To find out older drivers' problems. | D．To explore new means of transport. |
| A．It keeps them independent. | B．It helps them save time. |
| C．It builds up their strength. | D．It cures their spiritual illnesses. |
| A．Improve their driving skills. | B．Develop driver-assist technologies. |
| C．Provide tips on repairing their cars. | D．Organize regular physical examinations. |
| A．A New Model Electric Car | B．A Way to Solve Traffic Problems |
| C．Driving Services for Elders | D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road |
【推荐3】Anyone who has had a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be boring. This can be especially true for children. They may feel cut off from their friends and classmates. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. That friend is a robot.
The robot is called Avatarl(AV1). It takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They can also take part in classes from wherever they are recovering. And the children’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot in the classroom.
A Norwegian(挪威的) company called “No Isolation” created the robot. There are another two co-founders, Karen Dolva and Marious Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot works. She says from home the child uses an iPad or a phone to start it, control the robot’s movements with touch and talk through it. The child can take part in classroom activities. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communication easy. So it’s the eyes, the ears and the voice of the child at school. Inside AV1 there is a small computer connected to a 4G network.
AV1 is designed to be tough. It won’t allow water to pass through it and can take a fall from a desk without damage. AV1 is large and looks like a human for a reason. Dolva says it can’t be just a tiny camera because the other kids can’t pick it up and take it with them. This is important because the robot is supposed to be a friend to the children. Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they were absent from class.
1. With the help of the robot, children can ________.| A．recover from a long-term illness very soon |
| B．see their teachers and friends at any time |
| C．do classroom activities at home or on the hospital bed |
| D．ask the robot to do homework for them |
| A．a computer | B．a camera | C．a speaker | D．an iPad |
| A．招人喜爱的 | B．牢固的 | C．令人惊异的 | D．昂贵的 |
| A．In a science book. |
| B．In a health report. |
| C．In a travel guide. |
| D．In a fashion magazine. |
| A．A Robot That Can Cure Children’s Diseases |
| B．How to Recover from a Long-term Illness |
| C．Robot That Helps Sick Children Feel Less Lonely |
| D．Robots Help Students at School |
