1 . From goldfish to sharks, fish of all sizes have lived on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. But do they ever get thirsty?

The answer is yes! Some fish do, at least. But there is a big difference between fish that live in saltwater and ones that live in freshwater.

Bony fish have some salt concentration（含盐量）in their bodies. For bony fish in saltwater, their concentration is lower than the water they live in. Through osmosis（渗透作用）these fish will lose lots of water through their bodies. In order to make up for this loss, they drink lots of water, so it’s easy to say that they can be thirsty. Although drinking saltwater is never a good idea for humans, fish can drink it because they can get rid of the salt through their gills（鳃）.

But sharks are an exception. Sharks can make their salt concentration match the water around them. They do this by building up urea（尿素）in their blood, so they probably don’t get very thirsty. But blood with a high salt concentration can also be bad. The high concentration means sharks won’t do very well in freshwater—water can enter the sharks’ bodies by osmosis and even cause them to explode!

Freshwater fish, on the other hand, are unlikely to become thirsty. Because they live in a less salty environment, they have a different problem: water goes inwards and dilutes（冲淡）their blood. Freshwater fish therefore need to get rid of this extra water. So now we know that saltwater fish can become thirsty and drink water, while freshwater fish will avoid drinking but pee（小便）a lot.

1. What’s the main idea of this story?

A．Fish have a long history of living on Earth.

B．Fish of all sizes can become thirsty like humans.

C．Fish drink saltwater when they get thirsty.

D．Fish are different in terms of whether they get thirsty.

2. Why do bony fish drink lots of water?

A．Because they have a high salt concentration.

B．Because they need to take in salt through their grills.

C．Because they will lose lots of water through their bodies.

D．Because they become thirsty more easily than humans.

3. Why are Sharks mentioned in the fourth paragraph?

A．To prove that they are the most unusual creatures in the sea.

B．To prove that freshwater is not good for them to live in.

C．To prove that not all saltwater fish drink lots of water.

D．To prove that they are dangerous because they may explode.

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about freshwater fish?

A．They don’t get thirsty at all because they live in saltwater.

B．Too much water in their blood can be bad.

C．They get thirsty and drink water just like saltwater fish.

D．They pee a lot after drinking too much water.

5. Where can you find this story in?

A．A fashion magazine

B．A travel guide

C．A science book

D．A storybook

2 . Fifteen volunteers have come out a difficult situation from a cave (洞穴) in the southwest of France after spending 40 days without clocks, phones, or sunlight for a human isolation experiment. The group had no communication with the outside world and was not able to use any electronic devices.

Eight men and seven women were grouped to live in the cave as part of a $ 1.4 million project called Deep Time, which set out to explore the limits of human ability to gradually change their behaviour and attitudes in the new situation. The experiment ended after 40 days.

During their time in the cave, the volunteers slept in tents and made their own electricity with a bike since there was no natural light. They also got water from a well (井) 146 feet below the earth. Since there was no sunlight, the team had to follow their biological clocks to know when to sleep, eat, or do daily tasks. To no one’s surprise, they quickly lost their sense of time.

One of the volunteers said he thought he had been underground for 23 days. Another volunteer said he ran 10-kilometer circles in the cave to stay fit. And he couldn’t wait to leave the cave. But other volunteers felt differently, with two-thirds saying they wanted to stay in the cave for longer. Some even thought it was as if they could press pause and stop to live.

During their time in the cave, scientists carefully watched and checked the volunteers including their sleeping patterns, social activities and cognitive functions (认知功能). The experiment will help scientists understand how human brains can help people adapt (适应) to serious living conditions in new situations.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. In paragraph 1, the underlined word “isolation” probably means ________.

A．生存

B．极限

C．脑功能

D．隔绝

2. According to the passage, which of the following sentences is NOT true?

A．Eight men and seven women were involved in the experiment.

B．The project cost $ 1.4 million.

C．The project was all about human isolation experiment.

D．The experiment lasted for 40 days.

3. As time went by, the group ________ as everyone expected.

A．didn’t know how to make electricity	B．lost their sense of time
C．knew how to get water	D．forgot when to sleep

4. Most volunteers want to stay in the cave for longer because ________.

A．it seemed life was slowing down for them	B．they could keep fit
C．they were proud of living underground	D．they lived a happy life together there

5. The purpose of the experiment is to ________ in new and difficult situations.

A．study human sleeping patterns	B．work out human social activities
C．research how human brains work	D．examine human cognitive functions

6 . Water is important for our body and health. It is important because almost all parts of the human body have water. And about 60%-70% of our body is made from water. ①If there is no enough water, our body _________ work properly. ②We can get it through several ways, such as having fruit, vegetables, tea and milk. How much water do we need every day? It is different every day. It depends on our daily activities and the temperature of the day. Generally speaking, an adult needs about eight cups of water every day. ③But when we do some exercise or when the temperature is high, __________.

1. 请根据文意在①句空白处填入一个合适的词，使句意完整，符合逻辑。
__________________________________________________
2. 请在文中找出②句下划线单词“it”所指代的一个词。
__________________________________________________
3. 请根据文意，补全③句，使句意完整、语法正确、符合逻辑。
But when we do some exercise or when the temperature is high, __________________.
4. 请找出本文的主题句。
_______________________________________________
5. 连词成句并回答问题。water, how, does, much, an adult, everyday, need?
A连词成句：_________________________?
B回答问题（不超过三个词）：_______________________.

7 . From The Vikings

Now let me tell you something about Vikings.     1     and lived a peaceful life in towns. Many years later scientists discovered some important towns and moved the towns into museums.

    2     Some Vikings lived with their families on farms. But many lived in towns.     3     Towns were often near the sea or a river.     4     Town was also an important place for people to buy and sell different objects,     5     Please read The Vikings for more information.

A．When visiting museum we can see how people lived in Viking times.

B．such as clothes, food, plates and many other useful things.

C．Because they could find jobs easily in towns.

D．Most Vikings stayed in their home,

E．So the ships could arrive.