1 . The History of Pizza

Today,   pizza   ( 披 萨 饼 ) is one   of   the   world’s   favorite   foods.   All over the world, people make different kinds of   pizza. 但是披萨饼起 源于哪里And who made the first one ?

People   have   been   making   food   like   pizza   for   a   very   long   time. Thousands   of years   ago, some people mixed flour   (面粉) with water to take   dough   ( 生 面 团 ). They   cooked it   on   hot   rocks.   People   covered   the   cooked   dough   with different other foods, like onions, carrots and chicken. They had made the world’s first pizza.

Then   in   the   1500s     some   Europeans   brought   the   first   tomatoes   back     from   the   America. Tomatoes   are   necessary   in   making   many   pizzas   today.   At   first,   however,     most   Europeans thought   eating   tomatoes   would   make   them sick. So,   for about 200   years,   few   people   ate   them. Slowly,   people   learned   that   tomatoes   were   safe     to   eat,   as   well   as   delicious.   Later,   cooks   in Naples, Italy, started   the tradition of putting tomatoes   on dough. It soon became a favorite food there. In 1830, a cook in Naples took another   big step in the history of   pizza - he   opened the world’s first pizza restaurant.

Today, about five billion(十亿) pizzas are made every   year   around the world. In the United States alone, people eat about 350 slices(片)   every second. People may not know   it, but every piece is a slice of history.

1. Please translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 into English.（汉译英）
2. According to the   passage,were there different foods on the world’s first pizza?
3. Why did few Europeans eat tomatoes at first?
4. What   does the underlined word “them”refer to?
5. Please translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.（英译汉）
6. Do you like pizzas?Why or why not?

2 .

At present, people use money every day. It is very important in our life.    1    

Long ago, people didn’t need money.     2     As time passed, people learned to raise home animals and plant crops(庄稼). Sometimes, families produced more than they needed, so they started to trade with other families. Later, people began to use money as a way of exchange(交换).     3     They used shells, salt and large stones.

During the 7th century B．C.(公元前), people began using coins as money. They were easier to carry.     4    

The Chinese were the first to use paper money, as early as the 11th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money when he visited China in the 1200s.    5    

Today, we have many ways to pay for things. Often, a bank card is used for paying. It is safer and quicker than using a lot of paper money. Besides, proudly, Chinese always use Internet and mobile payment, such as Alipay and WeChat.

A．Do you know the history of money?

B．Instead, people still use paper money.

C．They were similar to the money at present.

D．Later, countries began to make their own coins.

E．However, it was not the kind of money we use today.

F．They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants.

G．European countries started using paper money in the 1600s.

3 . Potato chips are Americans’ favorite snacks(零食). Where do potato chips come from? In 1853 a native(本土) American named George Crum made the first potato chips. Crum was a chide(头目) in an expensive restaurant in Saratogasprings， New York. One day， a customer(顾客) did not like the French fries. He said they were too thick(厚的). So Crum made more， this time thinner. The customer still didn’t like them. Crum got unhappy. He decided to make the customer angry. So he cut the potatoes， very thin. The customer loved them.
Other people wanted Crum’s potato chips. Now， there was a new food on the menu— Saratoga chips. Soon Crum opened his own restaurant and made his special chips.
It took a long time to make potato chips. People peeled the potatoes by hand. Then in 1920，the automatic(自动的) potato peeler changed everything. Now it was faster and easier to make potato chips. Now potato chips were not a specialty. They were a popular snack food， but only in the north.
A salesman named Herman Lay wanted to sell potato chips in the south. He sold potato chips in bags. His business grew. Today， Americans eat a lot of potato chips every day.
1. Where did potato chips come from?
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2. Who made the first potato chips?
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3. Did the customer love the thick French fries?
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4. Was it easy to make the potato chips after 1920? Why?
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5. Who brought the potato chips to the south， Herman or George Crum?
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