7 . While fake (虚假) news can take many forms, it can be divided into two broad types: misinformation and disinformation.
Misinformation Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn’t done on purpose. | Disinformation Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared with the intention to deceive (欺骗) others. |
There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn’t realize that it’s fake. Sometimes it’s done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be done to make people laugh.
Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and business.
Fake news? Question it!
To work out whether the “news” we are reading is fake, we can use our critical (批判性) thinking skills to ask ourselves the following questions.
Is it a mistake or just a joke?
People sometimes share information, believing that it’s true, because they don’t realize that it’s a joke. It might even be April Fools’ Day!
Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes?
If yes, it’s a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy (不可靠的).
Is the article advertising something?
Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it’s “news” to encourage people to buy it.
Is the headline believable?
Sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, does the story sound made-up, or even impossible?
Is there bias(偏见)?
Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying (隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you’re unsure.
When fake news causes stress or hurt to the person or people it targets (将……作为目标), it is often the case that those who have helped spread it will claim they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel (燃料) to a fire. If the false information doesn’t get shared, it doesn’t get seen and cannot fulfil its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it’s not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it too.
1. What’s the main difference between disinformation and misinformation?A.Disinformation is harmful to the public, while misinformation is not. |
B.Disinformation is shared to deceive others, while misinformation is often not. |
C.Disinformation is aimed at young people, while misinformation is aimed at older ones. |
D.Disinformation is produced by professionals, while misinformation by ordinary people. |
A.trick or entertain people | B.challenge the news industry |
C.make money through advertising | D.influence public opinions and beliefs |
①a biased fact is given ②its headline is sensational
③the news content seems like a joke ④any product or service is mentioned
A.①②③ | B.①②④ | C.①③④ | D.②③④ |
A.Support. | B.Praise. | C.Doubt. | D.Disagree. |
8 . Life is full of unexpected journeys. In 2014, my company Sinohydro sent me to work in Uganda on a big hydropower project. The project aimed to give power, jobs and money to Ugandan people, most of whom lived on less than $2 a day at that time.
When I first heard that I was going to Africa, I was a little worried. But I quickly realized people there were really friendly.
One day, my coworker and I stopped for gasoline (汽油) while driving to work. When we left the gas station, I dropped my phone but didn’t notice until 10 minutes later. I used my coworker’s phone to call mine.
I heard an African man’s voice on the other end, saying something in the local language. I told him that he was holding my phone. I thought that I wouldn’t get it back. But as we drove back to the gas station, we were surprised to see the man waiting in the hot sun. With a big smile, he gave my phone back to me. I was deeply moved.
Life in Africa is simple. There is not much to do in your spare time. But I enjoyed myself by organizing a dancing club and playing basketball games. We also came across wild animals. Once, I was chased by a seemingly cute baboon (狒狒). This disastrous encounter (灾难性的遭遇) with a wild animal completely ended my fantasy of having baby lions as pets!
1. What did the hydropower project aim to do for people in Uganda?A.Build new gasoline stations. | B.Provide power and jobs. |
C.Help them to protect local animals. | D.Improve their health. |
A.Excited. | B.Worried. | C.Confident. | D.Surprised. |
A.She never saw it again. | B.Her coworker picked it up in 10 minutes. |
C.A stranger took her phone and drove away. | D.A local found it and returned it to her later. |
A.Her job kept her busy all the time. | B.She raised some baboons and baby lions. |
C.Her spare time was filled with fun activities. | D.It made her scared of living abroad ever again. |
—He is so brave! I wonder ________.
A.how long he has been to Africa | B.whether he has gone to Africa before |
C.how many times he has been in Africa | D.how soon he will return from Africa |
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