![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/6093f9c6-d7b9-4fcd-ada5-cad076a1512a.png?resizew=596)
(1)导电金属丝拉伸装置如图1所示,按图2连接电路,将该导电金属丝的A、B两端分别与电路中的C、D两端连接;
(2)在
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
(3)保持开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
(4)闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
(5)断开开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/df780ef963d641d07d1337629e053b7d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5fb9cf838c1ce1e61fbc68f101a15a4d.png)
(6)若上述理论成立,可将导电金属丝作为传感器中的敏感元件来监测构件间的微小拉伸变化。按图3所示电路将该导电金属丝连接在两构件之间,实验中保持电压表读数不变,两构件电阻及电流表内阻可不计,若将电流表刻度改为构件间的距离,则越向左相邻刻度间的数据差值
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/f2d06ccf-b69b-4e19-ba31-1307ab65d1fc.png?resizew=136)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝直径,示数如图1所示,则金属丝的直径d=
(2)实验中能提供的器材有开关、若干导线及下列器材:
电压表(量程0~3V,内阻约3kΩ)
电流表(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.1Ω)
滑动变阻器(最大阻值5Ω,额定电流2A)
电源(电动势为3V,内阻不计)
某同学为了使金属丝两端电压调节范围更大,并使测量结果尽可能准确,应选用图所示的
A.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/3f445d66-0e05-499b-b6a3-9f8c85231789.png?resizew=152)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/1749ccf2-9ce2-477c-846c-c6c63a712cdd.png?resizew=153)
C.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/8ed35146-0642-4c07-8c0c-23cab23c9ac6.png?resizew=149)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/eeaa4d79-663b-4171-b5c0-8b782b2e5ba9.png?resizew=152)
(3)该同学建立
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/17/208485f2-f545-4309-a4b1-53f202104630.png?resizew=234)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径d,示数如图1所示,则d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/7/81cae853-97c9-472b-a727-b8be7343f032.png?resizew=123)
(2)实验中提供的器材如下:
电流表A(量程0~0.6A,内阻约0.1Ω)、电压表V(量程0~ 3V,内阻约3kΩ)、滑动变阻器R、电源(电动势为3V,内阻很小)、开关、导线若干。
①为了使电阻的测量结果尽量准确,应选择下列哪个电路进行实验?
A.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/7/a75fe2df-862c-4884-909e-1237863c18b6.png?resizew=145)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/7/2905a9af-a3a0-4408-85f6-e3a055be15fa.png?resizew=146)
②选择该电路的理由是:
③滑动变阻器有
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
(3)其同学设计了如图2所示的测量电路来测量电阻,实验操作步骤如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/7/13389a59-198e-4b82-b9fb-852be7a4814b.png?resizew=208)
①按电路图连接好实验器材。
②只闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
③再闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48fade4e14bf5845ff14f9e95bb6bfef.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fd5f9ecb870fedb5b9a608d9ca2f911.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b40f1d184152aa3954752ed70e7d1612.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f833a7beb83820ecede0234c671f1878.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
4 . 实验小组测量某弹性导电绳的电阻率。实验过程如下:
装置安装和电路连接。如图(a)所示,导电绳的一端固定,另一端作为拉伸端,两端分别用带有金属夹A、B的导线接入如图(b)所示的电路中。先闭合开关S1、S2,调节R,使电压表和电流表的指针偏转到合适的位置,记录两表的示数U0和I0。
(1)然后断开开关S2,电流表的示数
(2)多次拉伸导电绳,每次都测量并记录AB间的距离L和导电绳横截面积S,调节滑动变阻器R的滑片的位置,使电流表的示数为I0,记下此时的电压表示数U。绘制如图(c)所示的图像。已知图线的斜率为k、与纵轴的截距为d,则弹性导电绳的电阻率ρ==
(3)若考虑电流表的内阻,则(2)中的电阻率的测量值
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,某次测量示数如图所示,其直径为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/29/389c1498-d64c-4acc-b715-376a2ae55a7f.png?resizew=139)
(2)用多用电表粗测金属丝的阻值,当选用电阻“
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf3a1e976dc7ccea4600a8ad1121760.png)
(3)为了精确地测量金属丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.电流表A1(量程为250mA,内阻为10Ω)
B.电流表A2(量程为0.6A,内阻约为1Ω)
C.电压表V1(量程为15V,内阻约为15kΩ)
D.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fb86325922e5c1dba18ac038ee4e9e60.png)
E.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc99cd73830d212562110284ef4fa779.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
G.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98e2599548b7b123f3c8d0b91aacd5de.png)
H.电源(电动势3.0V,内阻约0.2Ω)
I.开关S、导线若干
①滑动变阻器应选择
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98e2599548b7b123f3c8d0b91aacd5de.png)
②请在方框内画出测量电路图。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/29/e5c3c245-5048-4977-b63c-2f75e5dd5c68.png?resizew=205)
(4)正确连接电路后,闭合开关,调节滑动变阻器测得5组电流表A1、A2的值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/857dbf14258d4b32dfe4e2cc799f245d.png)
![]() | 79 | 140 | 158 | 201 | 239 |
![]() | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.60 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/24/ace4d87d-721a-4594-9753-06f24d4c669e.png?resizew=318)
(5)由图像求出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b132e0cbd0e446630f4bb65804ce581.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/29/8094a526-65c0-493e-bd91-3bee38c6df2d.png?resizew=386)
某同学用上述器材设计了一个实验,电路如图所示,已测出电阻丝的横截面积为S,用一个小金属夹沿电阻丝滑动,可改变接入电路中电阻丝的长度L,实验中记录了几组不同长度L对应的电流I。该同学作出了如图的图像,其纵轴是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/963a73a661a554bbf37cc74d702ccea0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/20321c69d95af5e5a3adc104975a9a6a.png)
)。图甲为该组同学用绝缘材料制成的长度
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b46f68d57dfb24626ed4ec2c3b5ac388.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/29/915b8ea1-679b-435d-a515-a6e27f5a1ccb.png?resizew=550)
(1)装入污水样品前,需测量圆筒形盛水容器的内径,应使用图乙中游标卡尺的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efa9fbcfb9595e2f031aa691db4564b.png)
(2)将污水样品装满圆筒形盛水容器后,用电阻可忽略、带有接线柱的金属圆片将两端密封,并用欧姆表测出该样品的电阻为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d02e8ca16e7f5da79d5dc4e4cc183a23.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
A.电源E(电动势约
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d40d48358392978b7ee4d6d803533a9d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f66de503c8055c43644b847eba74b50f.png)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/74e07a0e678dd1c3218d52860fa4d06f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9616d2a37245f6d4415633e947290d8.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/20786232cf70d0040233ac324d43e462.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b3e95410f3b4fcb0cba425b521d1f67.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ee5b7e91d647021b85a223fb0483b05a.png)
D.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/90b2eb2730da730b1cfb9ae5dcfba2f3.png)
E.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/edc43f644f43444a05c0816cf9768c87.png)
F.开关S,导线若干
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/29/6ad9ae8d-9e9f-4686-af25-13b8bb15088d.png?resizew=180)
(3)经正确操作,读出电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/857dbf14258d4b32dfe4e2cc799f245d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9942091e83e1d59af01f499a0caee212.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86ebba6ed1add0fe647c0226614b9290.png)
(4)若装入的污水样品中有气泡,这将会使测得的污水样品的电阻率
8 . 某科技小组为测量一种新型导电材料的电阻率,取一块厚度均匀、上下表面为正方形的该型导电材料,如图1所示。
(1)科技小组用多用电表的欧姆挡粗测该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻。机械调零、欧姆调零后,选择“挡”,按正确的操作步骤测量电阻,表盘的示数如图2所示,则该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻约为
。
(2)实验小组还想更精确地测量该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻,可供选择的实验器材如下:
A.电源(电动势,内阻不计)
B.定值电阻()
C.定值电阻()
D.电流表(量程
,内阻
)
E.电流表(量程
,内阻
)
F.滑动变阻器(阻值范围为
,允许通过的最大电流为
)
G.足量的导线与开关
为使实验误差尽可能小,要求电表的测量值在满偏值的以上,定值电阻应选用
”或“
”)。利用虚线框中电路图精确测量电阻
,在电路图中标明器材符号
(3)实验中测得两电流表、
的示数分别为
和
,可得电阻
(4)要测量该导电材料的电阻率还需要测量该导电材料的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/700458c01a7ad031e27d80ed43e9e882.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3bd5be33b0fdfd78980e787b89e9b419.png)
图甲为用10分度的游标卡尺测量容器内径的图示。图乙为测量电路,图丙为根据电流表和电压表的实验数据所画出的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/8/f76f739a-daa5-4031-939a-defd91046ff2.png?resizew=217)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/8/38bc00e2-3286-4f16-9edb-48858aa2c14b.png?resizew=343)
请根据以上所述完成下列问题:
(1)容器的内径d的测量值为
(2)请根据图乙所示的实物图画出电路图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/24/f42532f7-97e8-47a7-a5b4-8dbde689e2e4.png?resizew=50)
(3)根据图丙的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e3ef4881bd7c5860178dbdbc7bba6e3.png)
(4)计算水样的电导率表达式
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/38739ef043c360794dd1719d0c1db5d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/86ebba6ed1add0fe647c0226614b9290.png)
(1)某同学用刻度尺、螺旋测微器、多用电表测出了每根金属丝的长度L、直径D、电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/22/cd4feb6f-fe00-436b-87bb-68fab3512142.png?resizew=559)
(2)为提高实验准确度,某同学采用如图3所示的电路图测量金属丝的电阻。请按图3所示的电路图将图4中实物连线图补齐
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/22/c6b304d1-44bf-467c-8156-f7c8ae81a590.png?resizew=482)
(3)根据图3,由于实验中使用的电表不是理想电表,会对实验结果造成一定的影响,实验测出的电阻值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
(4)现在要根据测得的实验数据,探究电阻丝电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
实验小组的同学猜想:电阻丝的电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)