1 . Scientists have discovered a new structure that allows lunge feeding whales, also called rorqual whales (长须鲸), to take in massive amounts of water without choking.
To capture prey (猎物), rorqual whales use a method called lunge feeding. They speed up, and take in a volume of water large enough to fill their entire bodies.
Scientists didn’t know how these whales avoided choking on prey—filled water and flooding their respiratory tracts (呼吸道) during a lunge feeding event. Now Dr. Gil and his colleagues have discovered a large structure that they’ve termed the “oral plug” —a structure never before described in any other animal—that they think makes lunge feeding possible.
Dr. Gil and his colleagues analyzed dead fin whales. By physically dissecting (解剖) the mass of muscle and tissue that plug the back of the whale’s mouth, the researchers determined that when the animal is at rest, the plug blocks off the whale’s pharynx (咽道), a tube-shaped structure that leads to both the respiratory and digestive tracts. When a whale lunges, the “oral plug” protects both tracts from being flooded by the water and the living creatures that the animal has taken in.
When the animal is ready to swallow its latest meal, the oral plug shifts upward to protect the upper respiratory tract. At the same time, the larynx (喉) closes up and shifts downward, blocking the lower respiratory tract. In other words, during swallowing, the pharynx only leads to the digestive tract.
“This fills in a blank that we didn’t even know really existed,” said Dr. Gil of the team’s findings. Ari Friedlaender, who studies whale feeding behaviors at the University of California but was not involved in this research, sees great value in filling in these anatomical blanks about whales.
“The more we can understand how they develop these means for being able to eat so much, the more we understand about what their abilities are, and how they function as part of marine ecosystems,” Dr. Friedlaender said.
1. Which words can best describe the lunge feeding method of rorqual whales?①speedy ②massive ③precise
A.②③ | B.①② | C.①③ | D.①②③ |
A.It just blocks off the two airways when the whale rests. |
B.It just protects the upper airway when the whale swallows. |
C.It just blocks the lower airway when the whale lunges. |
D.It ensures that the meals and water just go into the pharynx. |
A.Dr. Friediaender shared his findings of whale feeding behavior with Dr. Gril. |
B.Dr. Friedlaender praised the research for it further explains how marine ecosystems function. |
C.Dr. Friedlaender will cooperate with Dr. Gil and his team for the future research. |
D.Dr. Gil was probably surprised to find the existence of the “oral plug”. |
A.Negative. | B.Indifferent. | C.Cautious. | D.Positive. |
A.Why do whales lunge for food? | B.Why don’t whales choke? |
C.Why do whales have respiratory tracts? | D.Why are whales unique? |
2 . Don’t know where to choose gifts for friends or family? Here are five special gift shops featuring different kinds of gifts.
Games Gadgets
Tel:402-875-5543
Games Gadgets is the perfect one-stop (一站式的) shop for electrical goods. Here at Games Gadgets we provide a wide range of electronic goods at some of the very best prices around. From Cameras and GPS Sat Navs to Gaming Accessories and Computers, iPads and iPods, we have everything you could ever need.
Reba
Tel:406-637-2219
Reba supplies fashion clothes, jewellery (珠宝) and gifts to people throughout the local area. Reba is an independent store, supplying well-known brands as well as up-and-coming designers. Reba is a store for those who love clothes, jewellery and gifts and it always aims to ofier something different.
The Sweet Shop
Tel:421-896-3129
The Sweet Shop is a brand-new gift store created just for chocolate lovers. The shop sells a wonderful range of chocolate-themed goodies from dark to white chocolate. It is extremely popular with all kinds of parties, chocolate lovers and people who are looking for a fun activity.
Blue Department Store
Tel:419-156-9910
A favorite shopping destination for many foreigners, Blue is devoted to top brands including expensive famous wines which are all 30 percent oft, maybe 40 to 50 percent off. We have no more than70 kinds of world-famous wine in our store. Location: No. 6001 Oak Street, O Hare International Airport.
Quality Stuff Off-Price Department Store
Tcl:491-938-9012
Quality Stuff Off-Price Department Store opened only one month ago and it features new sportswear this season. They have well-known brands such as Nike, Adidas, Levis, Nautica and Hush Puppies. Quality Stuff Off-Price Department Store is famous for the reduced price of each item. Reduced rates vary from 40 percent to 80 percent. The best buys here are some brands, which find a nice balance between style, quality and price.
1. Photographers will most probably go to ________.A.Game Gadgets | B.Reba |
C.Blue Department Store | D.Quality Stuff Off-Price Department Store |
A.Wine. | B.Sportswear. | C.Chocolates. | D.Fashion clothes. |
A.Games Gadgets. | B.Reba. | C.The Sweet Shop. | D.Blue Department Store. |
A.421-896-3129 | B.491-938-9012 | C.419-156-9910 | D.402-875-5543 |
A.an art review | B.a travel guide | C.an advertisement | D.an official report |
3 . As you can imagine, there are numerous types of advertisements in different mediums, on different channels, and with different goals for their business.
Print advertising
The first print advertisement ran in England in 1472. Since then, this type of advertising has become available in newspapers, magazines, and similar mediums of carrying a brand’s message to its ideal end users. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the publisher to place their advertisements in the publication.
Radio advertising
Radio advertising dates back to 1920, when the first commercial radio stations were launched in the United States. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during selected breaks between music or a radio show.
Television advertising
Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.
Internet advertising
Internet advertising took root in the middle of the 1990s. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the website owner to place their advertisements in exposed spaces that are minor to the website’s own content. Internet advertising includes video, search engine marketing, and more.
However, as you know, the advertising types above have developed dramatically since their respective origins. Some advertisements have been memorable years after they first ran.
So how do you create an advertising strategy that works fine? This blog post is about the advertisements and campaigns we can learn from.
1. When did the first print advertisement run in England?A.In 1472. | B.In 1920. |
C.In the 1940s. | D.In the middle of 1990s. |
A.Internet advertising. | B.Radio advertising. |
C.Print advertising. | D.Television advertising. |
A.Both originated at the same time. | B.Both are shown during selected breaks. |
C.Neither first appeared in the US. | D.Neither developed much over years. |
A.Are more important than. | B.Are less important than. |
C.Are equal to. | D.Are bigger than. |
A.The further development of advertising. | B.Examples of excellent advertising. |
C.Other basic forms of advertising. | D.Disadvantages of advertising. |
4 . In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and most urgent of all — the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover.
Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations Td set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt frustrated because I had fallen short.
But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intention, my thoughts began to change. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I’m a nice person. It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation (肯定). And what it emphasizes is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear.
When you affirm a core personal value, you raise your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook:Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values. Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students.
Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it’s kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home.
1. How did the author feel when comparing his to-do list with his got-done list at the beginning?A.Satisfied. | B.Pleased. | C.Disappointed | D.Unconcerned. |
A.Changing. | B.Forming. | C.Denying. | D.Judging. |
A.strengthening a core personal value to himself | B.counting his failures |
C.talking aloud to himself on his way home | D.chanting with conscious intention |
A.It changes people’s focus to their shortcomings. | B.It improves their sense of self-worth. |
C.It limits their resources and opportunities. | D.It makes them more critical of themselves. |
A.To constantly compare oneself to others. |
B.To improve one’s kindness, creativity and gratitude. |
C.To highlight values affirmation and spread the practice. |
D.To become successful with passion. |
5 . One day many years ago, a friend surprised me by using Spanish “Como estas?”instead of the English “How are you?”She told me
Immediately, I rushed back home and
At the end of 2018, after my 60 birthday, I telephoned the SCVP office again. In the spring
No matter how old I was, once I was sitting among young people, with both my body and spirit
Of course, I used this experience to
A.coldly | B.excitedly | C.worriedly | D.angrily |
A.adapted to | B.tuned up | C.heard about | D.held on |
A.found out | B.carried out | C.wrote out | D.tuned out |
A.thanked | B.opened | C.intended | D.called |
A.reasonable | B.positive | C.favorite | D.curious |
A.warned | B.reminded | C.encouraged | D.inspired |
A.take part | B.turn on | C.give up | D.refer to |
A.weak | B.lazy | C.unique | D.young |
A.learning | B.assuming | C.waiting | D.preparing |
A.vacation | B.term | C.part | D.months |
A.missed | B.offered | C.taught | D.attended |
A.recovered | B.postponed | C.settled | D.talked |
A.reporters | B.professors | C.translators | D.editors |
A.prove | B.decide | C.repeat | D.replace |
A.aware | B.calm | C.slow | D.familiar |
A.secretly | B.slightly | C.mainly | D.normally |
A.ignore | B.approach | C.acquire | D.memorize |
A.respect | B.grades | C.attention | D.support |
A.imagination | B.impact | C.balance | D.experience |
A.improving | B.reacting | C.suffering | D.apologizing |
6 . In May 2022, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The culprit (罪魁祸首) was believed to be a piece of space junk (太空垃圾). While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has refocused attention on the growing problem of orbital debris(残骸).
It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On January 1st, 2022, there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s a lot of useless metal rushing around the planet at 28,000 kilometers per hour.
Jan Wörner, the former European Space Agency Director General, put it this way: “Imagine how dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still moving around on top of the water.” In fact, even the smallest pieces can cause huge amounts of damage.
The problem is very bad and getting worse. There are currently about half a million pieces of debris about one centimeter wide or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces are actively tracked.
Space is only going to get more crowded, with the number of satellite launches set to increase by five times in the next decade. In January 2022, 143 satellites were launched into space on a single SpaceX Falcon rocket alone. And 12,000 more are to be put in orbit by Starlink over the next five years. All this significantly raises the chances of collisions (碰撞事故).
Better control of new launches would help as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. Increased monitoring of existing space junk could also help because active satellites can be moved off a collision course — yet dead satellites are sitting ducks and there’s nothing we can do to prevent a collision. That’s why many are calling for a clean-up job. A space debris removal mission called ClearSpace-1 will be launched in 2025 and attempt to de-orbit the upper stage of a rocket left in space back in 2013.
1. What can we learn about space junk?A.It can be recycled for other uses. |
B.It has injured astronauts in space. |
C.It first appeared over seven decades ago. |
D.It threatens the safety of space activities. |
A.The high speed of orbital debris. |
B.The complex procedures of debris clean-up. |
C.The large amount of untracked space debris. |
D.The insufficient functions of clean-up facilities. |
A.Increase the number of satellite launches. |
B.Control new launches and clean up space debris. |
C.Put over 12000 satellites into predetermined orbits. |
D.Send free satellites and pay attention to avoiding death satellites. |
A.Things easy to be attacked. |
B.Things hard to be tracked. |
C.Things failing to function. |
D.Things set in a fixed position. |
A.Orbital Debris: What Results in It? |
B.Satellite Launches: The More the Merrier? |
C.Space Junk: Is It a Disaster Waiting to Happen? |
D.Satellite Collisions: Who Should Be Responsible? |
7 . Personal growth doesn’t necessarily only happen when the conditions are perfect. Seeds tend to develop only when conditions are right. A seed will remain dormant (休眠) until moisture (湿度) and temperature are favorable for growth. Unfortunately, as humans, we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right. Sometimes you must cultivate (培育) personal growth and flower where you’re planted, often in spite of external circumstances.
For much of my life, I let external circumstances control my happiness. If things weren’t going well, then I wasn’t well. I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right. With this mindset, I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant. I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself. In other words. I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances.
The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time, maybe even forever. And if you stay dormant while waiting, you aren’t growing. You’re simply stuck in place. You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be.
If you want to engage in personal growth, like planting seeds, you have to do some work to make it happen. You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place. Start with pulling up your emotional weeds. Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back. Then, work on the foundation that you have. Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness.
Personal growth is something you can fight for. It may not come naturally, but when you develop this mindset, you will flower no matter where you’re planted.
1. What does the author intend to highlight in the first paragraph?A.The influence of external circumstances. |
B.The importance of personal effort in growth. |
C.The lack of perfect conditions for growth. |
D.The cost of waiting for the right conditions. |
A.The positive life habits. |
B.The outside circumstances. |
C.The personal experiences. |
D.The will to improve himself. |
A.Waiting takes you a long time, even forever. |
B.Waiting is a form of stagnation. |
C.Waiting maybe stuck you in place. |
D.Waiting may make you more outstanding. |
A.Look for the right conditions. |
B.Get emotionally prepared for failures. |
C.Stop waiting and take action. |
D.Keep yourself pure through gardening. |
A.Happiness: You Are Your Own Master. |
B.Life Journey: Persevere Till Efforts Bear Fruits. |
C.Growth: Flower in Any Circumstances. |
D.Life Changes: The Chance Is in Your Possession. |
8 . While Romano’s classmates were beginning their college life, the 19-year-old Croatian young man had different dreams. In Croatia taking a gap year is not as common as in other countries, but Romano decided to take a break for a year or two after high school and try volunteering in Africa.
Upon arrival in Arusha. Tanzania, Romano found a volunteering project through an organization. Now he helps poor children and teaches them English and math. These children are not abandoned. They come from low-income families and any help is welcome. There is no soap or running water in the school, and to learn English, the children depend on volunteers because there are not enough qualified teachers.
“They don’t have much, they are poor, but honest and happy, because they are not aware that there may be something better out there for them. As I was lecturing, I saw the materials they used for learning: worn-out pencils, one eraser for 20 children, torn and printed notebooks, and not to mention clothes and shoes. I will only tell you that uniforms are worn to conceal (掩饰) their clothing and thus to mask material inequality,” says Romano, who was therefore encouraged to launch a charity action to collect donations for children’s necessities.
Romano believes that every child has the right to the basics, including education. It is for this reason that he wants to help these little ones. “Even though I was aware of it before, I realized how privileged I am in life just because I was born on another continent. I learned to appreciate more what I have and manage without the basics. As a result, I met a different culture, tested my limits and looked at things from a different perspective -- a gratitude perspective,” concludes Romano, hoping that little by little, both he and other volunteers will contribute to positive change through their work.
1. Why did Romano come to Arusha?A.To prepare for his college life. |
B.To help children there as a volunteer. |
C.To earn money as a part-time teacher. |
D.To promote an educational program. |
A.They are too poor to be happy. |
B.They all have an incomplete family. |
C.They have no local English teachers. |
D.They know little about the outside world. |
A.They didn’t want much. |
B.They didn’t realize that there may be something better out there for them. |
C.They wore uniforms. |
D.Romano encouraged themselves to launch a charity action to collect donations for children’s necessities. |
A.Remove. | B.Reduce. | C.Hide. | D.Create. |
A.All children should have access to education. |
B.We should try our best to make the world better. |
C.He should treasure more his life and feel grateful. |
D.He should work hard in college to be more powerful. |
9 . Guillermo was 34 years old when his crisis hit. Since high school, he’d dreamed of becoming an executive(主管) in the technology field. He desired for the status and power of such a
At 26, Guillermo was employed at the company of his dreams. His hard work
At the height of his
So Guillermo
A.condition | B.position | C.state | D.path |
A.scholarship | B.promotion | C.course | D.comment |
A.confidence | B.ambition | C.choices | D.efforts |
A.regretted | B.escaped | C.succeeded | D.quit |
A.paid off | B.came back | C.ran out | D.turned up |
A.picked out | B.took on | C.kept up | D.hunted for |
A.education | B.marriage | C.friendship | D.career |
A.excited | B.worried | C.tired | D.early |
A.lonely | B.sick | C.curious | D.puzzled |
A.in school | B.on vacation | C.in business | D.on strike |
A.university | B.company | C.home | D.hotel |
A.photo | B.imagination | C.scene | D.description |
A.ability | B.wisdom | C.belief | D.chance |
A.just | B.even | C.seldom | D.almost |
A.disturbing | B.inspiring | C.unrealistic | D.difficult |
A.ignored | B.went for | C.recommended | D.gave up |
A.experience | B.personality | C.occupation | D.habit |
A.struggle | B.business | C.relaxation | D.mistake |
A.helpful | B.generous | C.successful | D.powerful |
A.brave | B.excited | C.happy | D.hopeful |
In the 1950s, when I was young, I lived in Houston, Texas. As I grew up, the city grew up. To me, the most exciting changes were that one big building after another went up.
I think that’s what made me want to be an architect, and I wanted to take part in building one. In high school, I took a class called drafting(绘图). There I learned how to use many different tools to draw plans for building things. I was the only girl in the class, and others laughed at me. But I knew what I wanted to do, so I didn’t mind the jokes.
When I was 16, I found my first summer job with an engineering company. I worked in the drafting room with 60 men on one of the biggest engineering projects of our century—the Trans-Alaska Pipeline(管道). That pipeline now carries oil south across Alaska, from oil wells near the Arctic Ocean down to the Pacific. That summer I learned a lot about how a huge structure is designed and what it’s like to work in a team. One of my bosses from that summer said he knew that was the secret of my success.
The engineers liked my work so much that they asked me to come back. I worked there for the next five summers. During those years, I studied architecture at the University of Texas. I discovered that the best way to learn about architecture is to look at the world around me. To remember what I saw, I always carried a notebook with me so I could make quick drawings.
After I graduated from college, I made my dream come true.
1. What made the author want to be an architect? (no more than 5 words)2. What did the author learn in her drafting class? (no more than 10 words)
3. Why did the author describe the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in detail in Para.3? (no more than 10 words)
4. What is the best way to learn about architecture according to the author? (no more than 15 words)
5. How does the author’s success inspire you? (no more than 20 words)