1 . All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键).
At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords.
The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key.
“If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”.
While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds.
“A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley.
1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Why protective steps are needed. |
B.Why a set of training data is vital. |
C.How you document secret information. |
D.How hackers gain data from targeted computers. |
A.The keyboard. | B.The model. | C.The data. | D.The computer. |
A.Concerned. | B.Agreeable. | C.Negative. | D.Objective. |
A.AI understands exactly what you’re typing. |
B.Purchasing expensive computer is necessary. |
C.Cats play an important role in privacy protection. |
D.Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy. |
2 . Five years ago, French navy officer Jérôme Chardon was listening to a radio program about the journey of the bar-tailed godwit, a bird that migrates 14,000 kilometers between New Zealand and Alaska. Chardon understood how treacherous the journey would be, as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured. Chardon wondered whether learning how birds traveled could help coastal communities avoid natural disasters.
This past January, a team from France’s National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) began experiments designed to test Chardon’s idea. Researchers with a project led by Frédéric Jiguet from NMNH equipped 56 birds of five species with cutting-edge animal tracking technology. The team members were ferried to remote islands in French Polynesia, where they attached tags (标签) using tracking technology. These tags sent the birds’ locations to the International Space Station, which bounced the data back to scientists on Earth who could then follow the birds — waiting to see how the birds responded to natural disasters.
The project is focusing on birds’ ability to hear infrasound, the low-frequency sound humans cannot hear but that the researchers believe is the most likely signal birds would use to sense storms and tsunamis (海啸). In a 2014 study, scientists tracking a kind of golden-winged birds in the central and southeastern America found that the birds flew up to 1,500 kilometers to escape from an outbreak of tornadoes (龙卷风) that killed 35 people. The birds fled at least 24 hours before any extreme weather hit, leaving the scientists to believe that they had heard the storm system from more than 400 kilometers away.
The team plans on tagging hundreds more birds across the Pacific to prepare for a potential tsunami. “I think if there’s one wave that spreads across islands, we can get data from different species at different locations,” says Jiguet. “That will say it’s worth continuing to tag and to develop local systems to better analyze this. There are chances that we will develop a bird-based tsunami early warning system.”
1. Which of the following best explains the word “treacherous” underlined in paragraph 1?A.Strange. | B.Amazing. | C.Dangerous. | D.Frequent. |
A.Tracking natural disasters. | B.Distinguishing bird species. |
C.Reporting the birds’ situations. | D.Guiding researchers to islands. |
A.To prove an assumption. | B.To clarify a concept. |
C.To present a new topic. | D.To make comparisons. |
A.How Can Birds Avoid Natural Disasters? |
B.Can Birds Warn Us of Natural Disasters? |
C.How Does a Warning System Function? |
D.Can Birds Play a Role in Human Research? |
3 . Do you think cookies can tell stories? Jasmine Cho, 35, does.
A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies.
It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”.
Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness…” Cho said.
Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies?”
One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s.
“It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout (核爆炸后的沉降物) impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.”
Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor.
Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively.
“Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.”
1. What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture?A.One of her sleepover experiences. |
B.One elective course she took at college. |
C.The process of learning baking from her friend. |
D.A book she read about Asian-American immigrant experiences. |
A.Cookies don’t cost much. | B.Cookies are easier to make. |
C.Cookies have different images. | D.Cookies are favored by many people. |
A.To show what Cho focuses on with her cookies. |
B.To introduce the spirituality of native Hawaiians. |
C.To explain why Cho is interested in political activists. |
D.To inform the reader of Helm’s contributions to Hawaii. |
A.Hold your horses for a better self. |
B.Think outside the box to break new ground. |
C.Spread something original to one’s heart content. |
D.Throw yourself into your inner world for a better one. |
4 . I had just delivered a memorable speech that I had labored over for months, and I was about to learn how the experts judged my performance. The polite audience leaned forward in their folding chairs. Silence fell across the room and the drum rolled in my heart.
The contest organizer announced the third-place winner. The name was not mine. Then the second, and once again it was not me. At last, the moment of truth came. Either I was about to be lost in the warmth of victory or regretted the last several months’ preparation. While neither of these came to pass, my heart just sank.
Losing is a part of life, but it was an indescribable depression to drive 200-mile round trip, get up early on a freezing Saturday morning, and yet still finish fourth out of four competitors. After Lincoln lost the 1858 Illinois Senate (参议院) race, he said, “I felt like the 12-year-old boy who kicked his toe. I was too big to cry and it hurt too bad to laugh.” Oh yeah, I could relate.
I had spent hours in front of a computer and in libraries doing research for the Lincoln Bicentennial (两百周年纪念) Speech Contest. As I read through several biographies, one idea stood out: Lincoln was handed many sound defeats, but he never allowed them to permanently stop his spirit or ambition. I thought “failing successfully” was a very appropriate topic, given the many letdowns Lincoln experienced, and so this became the title of my speech.
Never mind the lost prize money and praise - I did gain a new perspective. Now, whenever I’m faced with a failure, I remember what Lincoln said after his unsuccessful 1854 Senate race, “The path was worn and difficult. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself. ‘It’s a slip and not a fall.’”
1. How did the author feel when waiting for the announcement of the result?A.Thrilled. | B.Nervous. | C.Depressed. | D.Relieved. |
A.To show Lincoln’s determination to win Senate race. |
B.To present his research findings of Lincoln’s biographies. |
C.To indicate that he got inspiration from Lincoln’s failures. |
D.To declare what they had in common in their experiences. |
A.Disappointed. | B.Positive. | C.Concerned. | D.Anxious. |
A.A Successful Failure | B.A Difficult Path. |
C.An Unexpected Speech | D.An Impressive Example |
5 . Antarctica has not always been a land of ice and snow. Earth’s southernmost continent once was home to rivers and forests full of life.
Scientists are using satellite observations and radar imagery to look deep under the ice. The researchers report finding a large ancient landscape buried under the continent’s ice sheet. It is full of valleys and ridges (山脊) , shaped by rivers before being covered by glaciers long ago.
The landscape is located in East Antarctica’s Wilkes Land area bordering the Indian Ocean. The researchers said the landscape appears to date back to at least 14 million years ago and perhaps beyond 34 million years ago, when Antarctica entered its deep freeze.
“It is difficult to know what this lost world might have looked like before the ice came along, but it was certainly warmer back then,” said Stewart Jamieson, a professor at Durham University. “Depending how far back in time you go, you might have had climates that ranged anywhere from the climate of present-day Patagonia through to something more approaching tropical.”
“Such an environment likely would have been populated by wildlife”, Jamieson said. “But the area’s fossil record is too incomplete to know which animals may have lived there.”
The researchers said the surface of the planet Mars is better known than the earth surface below the ice in Antarctica. They said one way to learn more would be to drill through the ice and take a piece of the earth below. This could uncover evidence showing ancient life, as was done with samples taken in Greenland dating back two million years ago.
Jamieson said the researchers think that when Antarctica’s climate was warmer, rivers flowed toward a continental coastline that was created as the other land masses broke away. When the climate cooled, some small glaciers formed on hills next to the rivers. When the climate cooled even more, an ice sheet grew which covered the whole continent, the landscape got preserved, likely for 34 million years.
1. What can we learn about the ancient landscape?A.It locates in the center of Antarctica. | B.It’s discovered by drilling through the ice. |
C.It’s once a warmer area than it is now. | D.It has a history of no more than 14 million years. |
A.There is a lack of complete fossil record. |
B.The ice sheet of Antarctica is melting quickly. |
C.Scientists lack enough advanced equipment. |
D.Climate conditions vary greatly from place to place. |
A.To attract more scientists to study Antarctica. |
B.To strengthen the importance of the Mars. |
C.To indicate the complex situations of the Mars. |
D.To show the difficult to know Antarctica’s earth surface. |
A.The colder climate. | B.The protection offered by coastlines. |
C.Other land masses’ reduction. | D.A decrease in the number of wildlife. |
6 . Changi Community Chub Visit
To Green Ark Fish Farm
WHATGreen Ark is one of the fish closed fish farms in the world. It is a floating structure about the size
of the two classrooms.WHERE
Located 5km off Chang Point, the farm can produce 166, 000 kilograms of fish a year. The fish are housed in four enormous tanks. The raised fish include barramundi, red snapper and grouper. They are mainly for local consumption.
HOWThe fish are sale from threat such as all spills (溢油) and other chemicals which could kill them. The aa waler they live in is really clean. Bacteria and viruses are destroyed by ozonation (臭氧化). In this process, oxygen is blown into the tanks every hour. “All these improved conditions ensure that the waler quality remains high. This enables our fish to become healthier,” said Mrs. Linda Tan, spokesperson of Green Ark Fish Farm.
Would you like a glimpse of Green Ark Fish Farm?For the very first time, Changi Community Club is organizing 5 small-group tours (25 persons each) to Green Ark Fish Farm on the following Saturdays: 6, 13, 20, 27 July. You will have first- hand knowledge of how fish is raised there. The highlight of the tour will be tasty meal of fresh fish chosen by the chefs of Changi Cafe.
Time | Schedule | Cost |
1: 00 p. m. | Meet at Changi Ferry Point | $40 per person; Changi Community Club members pay $30 each |
1: 15 p. m. | Depart for Green Arh | |
1: 30 p. m. | Tour of Green Ark | |
2: 30 p. m. | Return to Changi Point | |
2: 45 p. m | Dory Fish &Chips Meal at Changi Cafe |
For enquiries, please visit the website at 222. changicc. com. sg. Registration will be on a. first-come, first-served basis. Book early to avoid disappointment!
1. What can we know about the fish raised by Green Ark Fish Farm?A.They are in danger of oil spills. | B.They can swim freely in the ocean. |
C.They are mainly sold to local buyers. | D.They could be killed by other chemicals. |
A.The water level is high enough for fish. |
B.The water is the same as water from the sea. |
C.The water doesn’t contain viruses or bacteria. |
D.The water has enough space for fish to swim in. |
A.Send an email to the club. | B.Join Changi Community Club. |
C.Pay booking fee ahead of time. | D.Register before the places are filled up. |
7 . High school graduation requirements
To earn a high school diploma, students must meet the following requirements.
Compulsory credits*4 credits in English (1 credit per grade) *3 credits in mathematics *3 credits for group 1, 2 and 3 courses *2 credits in science *1 credit in Canadian history (Grade 10) *1 credit in Canadian geography (Grade 9) | *1 credit in the arts *1 credit in health and physical education *1 credit in French as a second language *0.5 credit in career studies *0.5 credit in civics and citizenship |
Students must earn 12 optional credits. by successfully completing courses offered in the school’s program and course calendar. Optional credits may include up to four credits earned through approved dual (双倍的) credit programs. .
The literacy graduation requirementIn September 2023, the literacy graduation requirement was introduced and it became effective immediately. Students graduating in the 2023-2024 school year and beyond are required to meet this requirement to earn their high school diploma.
Community involvementStudents are required to complete a minimum of 40 hours of community involvement activities as part of the requirements for a diploma.
Students who are looking for community involvement opportunities should:
★make sure they know which activities satisfy the community involvement requirement★check their school board’s website for a list of approved and prohibited activities
★have a discussion with their parents to plan and select their community involvement activities(students under 18 years old only)
1. What’s the minimum number of credits required for a high school diploma?
A.30. | B.32. | C.34. | D.36. |
A.In September 2021. | B.In September 2022. |
C.In September 2023. | D.In September 2024. |
A.Ask for their parents’ permission. |
B.Turn to local community centers for help. |
C.Set community involvement hours with teachers. |
D.Have a clear understanding of the qualified activities. |
8 . When Posten walked outside to her car, she saw something that looked like a note or receipt stuck to the windshield.
She grabbed it and saw it was a black and white photo of a woman holding a little boy. On the back, it said, “Gertie Swatzell & J.D. Swatzell 1942.” A few hours later, Posten discovered that the photo had made quite a long journey — almost 130 miles on the back of terrible winds.
Posten had been tracking the tornadoes that hit the middle of the U.S., killing dozens of people. They came close to where she lives in New Albany, Indiana, across the Ohio River from Louisville, Kentucky. So she figured it must be from someone’s damaged home.
“Seeing the date, I realized that was likely from a home hit by a tornado. How else is it going to be there?” Posten said. “It’s a well-kept photo.”
So she posted an image of the photo on Facebook and Twitter and asked for help. She said she was hoping someone on social media would have a connection to the photo or share it with someone who had a connection.
“A lot of people shared it on Facebook. Someone came across it who is friends with a man with the same last name, and they tagged him,” said Posten.
That man was Cole Swatzell, who commented that the photo belonged to family members in Dawson Springs, Kentucky, almost 130 miles away from New Albany. Cole Swatzell on Sunday didn’t respond to a Facebook message seeking comment.
Posten plans to return the photo to the Swatzell family sometime this week.
“It’s really remarkable, definitely one of those things, given all that has happened, that makes you consider how valuable things are — memories, family heirlooms (传家宝), and those kinds of things,” Posten said. “It shows you the power of social media for good. It was encouraging that immediately there were tons of replies from people, looking up ancestor records, and saying ‘I know someone who knows someone and I’d like to help.’”
1. What helped Posten know the photo had made quite a long journey?A.Learning about a home hit by a tornado. |
B.Looking into the information of the photo. |
C.Making tracks for the process of the tornadoes. |
D.Recognizing the person in the photo at first sight. |
A.It’s a damaged photo. |
B.It belongs to Cole Swatzell. |
C.Its owner lives in New Albany, Indiana. |
D.It travels 130 miles away from Kentucky. |
A.From Twitter. | B.From Facebook. |
C.From her friend. | D.From ancestor records. |
A.Valuable things should be kept well for good. |
B.Common item sometimes is also very valuable. |
C.We should encourage each other on social media. |
D.Posten thinks highly of the function of social media. |
9 . What do a student in China, an office worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all have in common? They all eat instant noodles. And they’re not alone—over 100 billion servings of instant noodles are consumed globally each year, making them one of the world’s most successful industrial foods. But how did this happen?
Put simply, they’re cheap to produce and cheap to buy, which was exactly what their creator intended to achieve. Momofuku Ando, an entrepreneur, spent a year perfecting the recipe just after the Second World War. He wanted to make something similar to traditional noodles. His creation was instantly popular, playing a part in the post war economic rise. Even in the year 2000—according to a poll by the Fuji Research. Institute—instant noodles Were voted the most successful invention, ahead of high speed trains, laptops and karaoke.
According to the World’s Instant Noodles Association, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and India—in that order—all consumed more instant noodles than before in 2021. Instant noodles’ popularity abroad is in part due to how easy they are to adapt to local tastes. In Thailand, for example, you can get green curry flavour, while in Mexico the noodles are garnished (加饰菜) with lime and salsa. And it seems that consumers have grown to expect innovation. Nisin, the food company founded by Ando launches over 300 products yearly, according to employee Kasura Suzuki.
Instant noodles have their critics, too. Their rise in popularity has come at an environmental cost—they’re made with palm oil, contributing to deforestation, and their packaging is plastic. And while they are a hot, tasty and filling meal, instant noodles don’t have much nutritional value, and include high levels of salt and fat. Nevertheless, instant noodles are undoubtedly lifesavers in emergency or extreme situations.
More than 60 years after their invention, instant noodles have become the default food for anyone short on money, time, or even a kitchen.
1. How does the author bring in the topic in Paragraph 1?A.By giving examples. | B.By making an assumption. |
C.By asking questions. | D.By reasoning and analyzing. |
A.To promote traditional culture | B.To reduce environmental cost. |
C.To earn more profit. | D.To make them low-cost and affordable. |
A.Their worldwide popularity. | B.Their major contribution. |
C.Their consumers’ preferences. | D.Their innovative features. |
A.The preferred food. | B.The most delicious food. |
C.The cheapest food. | D.The most nutritious food. |
10 . Independent will is what really makes effective self-management possible. It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in accordance with them. It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon.
The human will is an amazing thing. Time after time, it has won against unbelievable difficulties. The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic evidence to the value, the power of the independent will. But as we examine it in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible, the once-in-a-lifetime effort that brings enduring success. Empowerment comes from learning how to use independent will in the decisions we make every day.
The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal integrity. Integrity is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves. It’s our ability to make and keep commitments to ourselves—to “walk our talk.” It’s honor with self, a fundamental part of the character ethic, the essence of active growth.
Effective management is putting first things first. While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment. Management is discipline, carrying it out.
Discipline stems from disciple (追随者) —disciple to a philosophy, disciple to a set of principles, disciple to a set of values, and disciple to an ultimate. purpose. In other words, if you are an effective manager of your self, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will. You are a disciple, a follower, of your own deep values and their source. And you have the will, the integrity, to place your feelings, your urges, your moods after those values.
That placement requires a purpose, a mission. It also requires independent will, the power to do something when you don’t want to do it, to be a function of your values rather than a function of the urge or desire of any given moment. It’s the power to act with integrity to your first creation.
1. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning “the Helen Kellers” in paragraph 2?A.To explain a reason. | B.To highlight a point. |
C.To make a prediction. | D.To give a definition. |
A.Put words into deeds. | B.Display confidence. |
C.Stop talking big. | D.Strike a balance. |
A.Seeking external support. | B.Undertaking more missions. |
C.Sticking to one’s own values. | D.Following one’s desires. |
A.The Secret Behind Self-discipline | B.The Magic of Personal Integrity |
C.The Power of Independent Will | D.The Road to Effective Management |