1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there in one word more than you need.

A.highlights        B. bestseller        C. distinctions          D. desired          AB. coined AC. centered          AD. producing        BC. mental        BD. outcomes     CD. value ABC. effective

A leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the     1     and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,     2     the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the     3     he associates with the terms.

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly     4     individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular     5     very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed     6     on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive     7     attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he     8     how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a(n)     9     vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you     10    . Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

2 .

A. deliberate 　　　B. distinction 　　C. polish 　 　　D. credit 　　　E. dependent F. occasionally　　 G. feasibility 　 　H. shift 　　　　I. fulfilling　　 J. signals K. continuously

Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success

There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where     1     is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.

Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is     2     not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.

About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through     3     practice or training.

It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you     4     your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.

The primary     5     between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.

Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win     6    , and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to     7    . So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to     8     your objectives and how much you want them.

There is a way to distinguish whether a failure     9     you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give a second thought to the     10     of your goal and even set a new one.

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. covers   B. process     C. accomplish   D. grand E. consume     F. physics G. consistently        H. spare I. overcomes     J. continue       K. especially

How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the “2-Minute Rule”

Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren’t actually difficult to do — you have the talent and skills to     1     them- you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule     2     procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can’t say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your     3     life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the

    4    of real life.

As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it，s easier to     5     doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.

The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time. It’s not about performance, it’s about     6     taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is     7     true in- the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn’t about the results you achieve, but rather about the     8     of actually doing the work. I can，t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.

The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you     9     the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different. I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can     10     the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done.

Go.

4 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Not that there is one word more than you need.

UNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&M

When asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls off the shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of the clothes are so     1    , he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Sweden follow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan     2     to timeless basics.

Mr. Yanai has a/an     3     base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ main markets of Europe and America. But instead his     4     remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,” he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the     5     who are reaching the middle class. UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering     6     into Vietnam and other countries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).

The success or not of UNIPLO’s overseas operations     7     greatly to investors at home. Fast Retailing’s shares --- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, analysts estimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improved logistics (物流). At home the firm is closing stores because the population is     8    . Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its     9     sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.

Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO in America struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains     10     for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confident that he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Identify the problem, a goal, and a reward

Novelist Sarah Howery Hart says it's important that writers identify a specific problem, a goal, and a reward for any behavior they wish to change. In her conference workshops titled “Stuck, Tired, Bored, and Distracted: How Writers in Distress can use Psychology Tools to Overcome Common Writing-related Problems, she teaches techniques learned in her doctoral study of psychology to help writers become more     1     and efficient.

One of the most common     2     she hears is the lack of time to write. “First, we need to determine what that means,” she says. “Maybe it means that you do things that     3     your own writing, like checking emails and social media. Your next step is to determine how     4     this is happening.”

She offers her participants worksheets to help them measure how often a particular behavior occurs, and then asks them to     5     whether the behavior is truly a problem. “Let’s say you find that you check your email once an hour while you're writing. Is that too frequent? Only you can determine that, ’’ she says. “If you check your email and then move on to Facebook and then to Twitter-even if you’ve only checked once, this can take a(n)     6     15 minutes out of your writing hour. Also, you lose your     7     of thought and can’t remember what you were going to write next.”

She advises writers to set a goal - for instance, writing for an hour without checking email or social media. “And then you have to determine your reward     8    ,” she says. “How often will you need to reward yourself?”

She urges writers to assess their progress    9    . “After a day, after a few days，are you meeting your goals?” she says. “If the reward didn’t work, you may need to     10     it. Maybe reading a book for 15 minutes wasn't the strongest reward for you because you read for two hours when you go to bed at night. Maybe you’d rather go to the gym or out for a half-hour run.”

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Welcome to Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been    1    continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against    2    and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western    3    to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the    4    castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is    5    used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).

The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most    6    bits -- the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are    7    decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.

The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It    8    among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.

The Drawings Gallery    9    the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen    10    in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.

A. uprising 　　　　B. original　　　 　 C. frequently 　　　　D. spectacular E. features 　　　 　F. luxuriously　　　 G. captured 　　 　　H. approaches I. inhabited 　　　　J. matters 　　 　　K. ranks

7 . People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive

It is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.

A new study has found that restaurant     1     who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their     2     of how food tastes.

Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the     3     at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to     4     how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.

The experiment     5     that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they     6    . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study     7     at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.

Brian Wansink, a professor of     8     behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you     9     the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.

In a(n)     10     study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. clinician　　　 B. concerned　　　 C. course 　　　D. engaging 　　　E. innovation　　　 F. manage G. reassure 　　　H. safe　　　 I. scare　　　 J. unfortunately　　　 K. unsurprisingly

Virtual reality cured my fear of heights

Fay Nugent, who developed a fear of heights in her 30s, heard about a phobia therapy trial taking place in Oxford University. She applied and was invited to join in. But,     1     she was placed in the control group rather than the treatment one that would try out the new     2    a virtual reality (VR) program for acrophobia (the medical term for a fear of heights).

The ones in the treatment group--44 in all---were given five or six 30-minute sessions (时间段）of the VR treatment over the     3     of two weeks.

The results, which are being published by The Lancet Psychiatry, were significant. About 70% of the VR group no longer had a fear of heights, while,     4     , all of the people in the control group, who received no treatment, still did.

Fay has now had the same therapy herself. “Once the trial was finished, they offered it to me and I am so pleased that I said yes,” she says. “Heights don’t     5    me now.”

The VR simulator（模拟器）made people feel like being in a safe situation where they can learn to     6     their fear. The user wears a VR headset and is asked to work their way up a 10-storey building and complete some tasks, such as looking down over a high rock and throwing balls off it.

Lead researcher Prof Daniel Freeman said: “We wanted tasks that would be fun and     7     and most importantly make the person look down to face their fear. It had to be something that would teach them to feel     8     with heights.”

The therapy is also delivered by virtual coaches who     9     and guide the users along the way. Prof Freeman said some patients might prefer this to face-to-face therapy with a(n)     10    .

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. shamefully B. unfolded          C. parties               D. shocked          E. household        F. crew G. incident             H. diagnosed        I. concerned     J. entitled               K. scheduled

The Zalmanovich family, from Hod HaSharon, Israel, has told of their anger after they were told to leave the plane and had their return tickets cancelled without a refund.

The drama       1     as eight-year-old Yaheli Zalmanovich began to sob uncontrollably minutes before the family’s connecting flight from Zurich to Geneva was       2     to take-off. There were no problems on the flight from Tel Aviv and despite his parents’ best efforts, the boy could not be calmed down.

His mother, Noa, told the Israel Hayom newspaper that Swiss air cabin       3     apologized to other passengers and did not ask the family if they needed help, even though the boy vomited on himself. They were soon told they would have to leave the plane and miss their flight to Geneva，where relatives were waiting for them, she said.

Mrs. Zalmanovich told the newspaper: “They       4     kicked us off the flight. We were left with our luggage,       5     and humiliated. It was 10 p. m. and luckily we were able to catch the last train to Geneva. ”

“In an age when one in every 68 children is       6     as being on the autistic(患自闭症的)spectrum, I would expect a slightly more understanding response from a company that calls itself a luxury airline. ”

Making matters worse for the family, they were declared a “no show” for the connecting flight and as a result their return tickets were cancelled and they were not       7     to a refund, she added.

A Swissair spokesman told MailOnline Travel: “We are aware of this deeply regrettable     8    . We are still clarifying exactly what happened and why with all the       9     involved, so we are unable to make any further comment at the present time. But I can assure you that our staff in Tel Aviv are in close contact with the family       10    .”

10 . Wallet Back

This is a story about a learning experience that had a big effect on the way I live my life．The _______in the story did not give me tests or even grade me on my work．I was taught by one of the most effective_______ of teaching，one that only people with lots of love can do．

“My wallet! Where is it?” were my first words_______I found my wallet was missing．I _______ my memory for a few good seconds, then realized that I had left my precious wallet in the library’s public _______ ! Because the library was now _______, I had to wait until the next morning to look for it．When I got there the next day, all I found was a clean restroom．This was the first time I could remember ever_______to see a clean restroom．As I walked out，I looked at myself in the mirror and shook my head at the _______ fool in front of me．

I politely _________the librarian at the front desk and asked her if a wallet had been found in the restroom yesterday．“No．”That was that．I walked off with a sense of __________．

I __________what I would do if I had found a wallet with sixty dollars，a phone card and other irreplaceable __________things．Finally，I __________ accepted the fact that my wallet was gone．

A week later，I received a __________ in the mail．It was my wallet! And most__________，nothing was missing! But there was a letter folded up in one of the wallet pocket that had not been there before．I slowly unfolded the letter，which __________something like this:

When we continue to help people around，we will live in a larger and more rewarding world．

This person didn’t even leave a return address．So I couldn’t__________ whoever it was．But from that day on，I __________ myself that l will follow this __________ and help others and make them as__________as I was when I opened that parcel!

1.

A．1eader

B．writer

C．teacher

D．scholar

2.

A．aids

B．systems

C．materials，

D．methods

3.

A．once

B．when

C．before

D．since

4.

A．searched

B．improved

C．developed

D．recorded

5.

A．canteen

B．lounge

C．restroom

D．showroom

6.

A．closed

B．deserted

C．crowded

D．occupied

7.

A．hoping

B．hating

C．refusing

D．preferring

8.

A．grateful

B．curious

C．forgetful

D．nervous

9.

A．approached

B．interviewed

C．identified

D．reminded

10.

A．safety

B．forgiveness

C．satisfaction，

D．disappointment

11.

A．described

B．wondered，

C．discovered

D．expressed

12.

A．personal，

B．strange

C．surprising

D．reasonable

13.

A．gladly，

B．naturally

C．willingly

D．painfully

14.

A．1etter

B．note，

C．package

D．suitcase

15.

A．sincerely，

B．amazingly

C．honestly，

D．obviously

16.

A．read

B．printed

C．explained

D．wrote

17.

A．owe

B．thank

C．admire

D．inspire

18.

A．supported

B．suggested，

C．improved

D．promised

19.

A．plan

B．course

C．regulation

D．example

20.

A．shocked

B．cautious

C．delighted，

D．optimistic