2 . Gretchen Altman is smiling, leaning back casually, a cup of coffee in hand — Hills Bros. Coffee, to be precise. It looks like a casual shot, but if you hit like, leave a comment, and tag a friend, you can get three different cups of coffee, for free.

Altman is part of a growing trend of "micro-influencers". She has a small following — around 6,000 on Instagram(社交平台). Her going rate is $300 to $800 to promote something. She does some posts in exchange for free goods, as long as it’s stuff she believes in.

As a micro-influencer she has a much closer relationship with her followers than a big social media star. "I’m just living a normal life and people relate to that," she says. "They just feel like I’m a friend of theirs."

But it worries consumer rights groups. Several recent studies have found that young audiences are largely unable to understand when something is sponsored content.

In some cases, it’s clear. When a big star takes to a social media to advertise Coca-Cola, for example, the assumption is that he or she’s probably getting paid to do so. And the posts are clearly labeled as ads, with the caption "advertisement" or "sponsored content".

But what happens when an everyday person with just a couple thousand followers takes to social media to extol(颂扬) the virtues of a product? The motivations are not so clear cut. The problem with these social media posts is that you don’t know whether it’s an ad or not.

Altman is diligent about using those hashtags(标签). She loves what she does and sees it as a business, but she doesn’t necessarily want to be a social media celebrity.

"With social media being so integrated into our everyday lives, we have this unique opportunity that I don’t think anyone has ever had before where we can each be our own brand," Altman says.

1. What does a micro-influencer do according to the passage?

A．Give enough likes.	B．Post to promote sales.
C．Recommend some comments.	D．Design advertisements.

2. What makes consumer rights groups feel worried?

A．Sponsored ads content.

B．Ads with caption on posts.

C．The unclear motivations of the posts.

D．The increasingly growing number of audiences.

3. How does Gretchen Altman feel about being a micro-influencer?

A．Annoyed.

B．Delighted.

C．Ambitious.

D．Depressed.

4. Which of the following can be the best title?

A．Instagram Advertising: Do You Know It, When You See It

B．To be a Micro-influencer or to be a Big Star

C．We Can Each Be Our Own Top Brand

D．Hills Bros. Coffee, Your Coffee

3 . Living on mountainous La Gomera, one of Spain’s Canary Islands off West Africa, Juan Cabello takes pride in not using a mobile phone or the Internet to communicate. Like his father and grandfather, he uses Silbo Gomero, a language that is whistled (吹口哨), not spoken, and that can be heard more than two miles away.

“I use it for everything: to talk to my wife, to tell my kids something, to find a friend if we get lost in a crowd,” Cabello says. “I also make a living from Silbo, performing daily exhibitions at a restaurant.”

People throughout La Gomera are known to have used Silbo in the past as a way of communicating over long distances. A strong whistle saved farmers from walking over the hills to give messages or news to neighbors. Then came the phone. Nowadays, it’s hard to know how many people still use Silbo. In 1999, it was introduced as a compulsory subject (必修学科) in La Gomera’s primary schools, in an effort to prevent the language from going silent. Now 3,000 students are studying it, but only a few people are believed to be able to communicate fully in the whistling language.

“Silbo is said to be the most important cultural heritage (遗产) we have,” said Moises Plasencia, the director of the Canary Islands’ government’s historical heritage department.

In fact, little is known about Silbo’s origins. Silbo-like whistling has been found in parts of Greece, Turkey, China and Mexico, but none is as developed as Silbo Gomero. One study is looking for signs of Silbo in Venezuela, Cuba and Texas, all places to which Gomerans have gone in the past during hard economic times.

“Silbo has many historical and linguistic (语言学上的) values,” Plasencia said. And, as Cabello explains, “It’s good for just about anything except for romance: everyone on the island would hear what you’re saying!”

1. Juan Cabello uses Silbo Gomero _____.

A．in his daily life.	B．to learn computers.
C．just to make a living.	D．only when eating at restaurants.

2. What can we learn about Silbo Gomero?

A．It first started in Greece.	B．It is in danger of dying out.
C．It is helpful in keeping secrets.	D．It is the oldest way of communicating.

3. Plasencia thinks it’s very important to _____.

A．know the origins of Silbo Gomero.	B．find the values of Silbo Gomero.
C．have more cultural heritages.	D．protect Silbo Gomero.

4. What is mainly described in the text?

A．A school’s subject.	B．A famous performer.
C．An unusual language.	D．A mountainous island.