1 . This page explains how to prepare your article for submission to any of our journals.
Note that length limits, article types and other journal specific information are available on the “Author information” page on each journal website.
The submitting author will be required to provide an Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) via the online submission system. The benefits of registering an ORCID are outlined here. Provision of ORCIDs by co-authors is strongly encouraged, but not a must.
You are permitted to suggest suitably regular reviewers (审稿人), especially if you are from underrepresented groups, such as women, scientists with disabilities, early life researchers. However, we may choose to use other reviewers.
Editorial rules
Please carefully read our rule page before submitting and review our licensing and open access conditions. Papers submitted to our journals are normally peer reviewed in a single-blind fashion (author names are not hidden, but judge names are).
Unless you have selected for publication of peer review information for accepted papers, the review reports and other contact information relating to your paper should not be shared or made publicly available.
Formatting (编排格式) your article
In order to make submission as easy as possible for authors, we have introduced format-free first submission for the majority of our journals, apart from Biology Letters which requires a Word version upon first submission to enable accurate length calculation.
Once an article has been accepted for publication the main contribution must be submitted as an editable file, not a PDF, and the source files of any figures and tables must be provided.
1. What are women especially suggested doing in the text?| A．Offering their ORCIDs. |
| B．Recommending qualified reviewers. |
| C．Focusing on access conditions. |
| D．Measuring article length correctly. |
| A．Writer names. | B．The review reports. |
| C．Judges’ emails. | D．Judge names. |
| A．An editor. | B．A journalist. | C．A researcher. | D．A reviewer. |
2 . An advertisement is just like a Somebody Else says quotation (引语) in a news story. The newspaper does not say that what the advertiser says is true. All the newspaper says is, “This is what the advertiser says.” To find out whether it is true or not will be left to the reader. All the statements in the ads are the advertiser’s statements, not the paper’s.
Q: What does “Somebody Else” in the paragraph refer to?
| A．The editor of the paper. | B．The reader of the paper. |
| C．The author of the passage. | D．The advertiser of the ads. |
3 . A symbol of a booming children’s book market is a self-styled “kaleidoscope (万花筒) of creative genius for kids”, the magazine Scoop, a startup based in Dalston, east London, which the author Neil Gaiman has described as “the kind of magazine I wish we’d had when I was eight.”
Scoop is the idea of the publisher Clementine Macmillan-Scott. A year ago, hers looked like an impossible venture. But against the odds for little magazines, Scoop has survived. Macmillan-Scott said, “I really wasn’t certain we would get to this point, but we are now approaching our first birthday.” She links the magazine’s fortunes to a prosperous market and reports that “through the hundreds of children, parents and teachers we speak to at our workshops, we know that children are greedy for storytelling.”
Inspired by an Edwardian model, Arthur Mee’s Children’s Newspaperr, Scoop is a mix of innovation and creativity. Establishment heavyweights such as the playwright Tom Stoppard, plus children’s writers such as Raymond Briggs, author of Fungus the Bogeyman, have adopted its cause. The magazine has also given space to 10-year-old writers and pays all contributors, high and low, the same rate — 10p a word.
It’s a winning formula. Macmillan-Scott reports “a quarterly sales increase of roughly 150% every issue”, but is cautious about her good fortune. “It’s all too clear to us that these children are hungry for print.”
Scoop focuses on the most profitable part of the children’s market, Britain’s eight to 12-year-old readers. In literary culture, this is the crucial bridge between toddlers (儿童) and adolescents and its publisher knows it. Macmillan-Scott is committed to listening to readers aged eight to 12, who have an editorial board where they can express their ideas about the magazine. “If we don’t get these children reading,” she says, “we will lose out on adult readers. To be fully literate, you have to start as a child.”
Macmillan-Scott argues against the suggestion that reading is in decline. “If you look at our figures,” she objects, “you’ll find that children do read and that Scoop is part of a craze for reading hardback books. Kids love paper and print. They might play games on a digital device, but they prefer not to read on a Kindle. The real market for e-books is among young adult readers.” Some of her evidence is anecdotal, but her sales figures and readership surveys support a picture of eight to 12-year-olds absorbed in books.
“What our research shows beyond question,” she says, “is that children have a love for reading that’s not seriously threatened by other kinds of entertainment. Reading for pleasure is a very real thing at this age, and the worries that some adults have about children losing interest in reading are simply not grounded in reality.”
1. It can be learned from the passage that Scoop ________.| A．is aimed at teenagers in Britain |
| B．has taken a year to publish its first issue |
| C．has got its name from Arthur Mee’s newspaper |
| D．pays as much to young writers as to famous ones |
| A．conclusive | B．undeniable |
| C．defensive | D．unconvincing |
| A．Children would rather listen to stories than tell stories by themselves. |
| B．Magazines for children aged under 8 are not very common in Britain. |
| C．Scoop illustrates the power of printed books in the face of digital revolution. |
| D．Research carried out by Scoop has been questioned by those writing for children. |
| A．the market for children’s e-books remains to be explored |
| B．a child who dislikes reading won’t love reading when grown up |
| C．other kinds of entertainment have influenced children’s reading habits |
| D．it is necessary for adults to worry about children’s lack of interest in reading |
4 . Richard and Judy's book club has transformed sales figures for dozens of novels, and turned modest publishing successes into triumphs. And now the husband and wife team have turned literary talent spotters too, with competition for potential authors that could make a star of a grandmother and doctor from Bournemouth.
In a surprise move, Pan Macmillan also offered the three runners-up the chances to be published，with advances of E 20,000 each: Alison Penton Harper, 40, a mother of two from Northamptonshire; Rachel Zadok te Riele, 33, from South Africa, a waitress who lives in south London; David Fidimore, 60, who is married with two children and has with two unpublished novels and numerous short storied.
| A．Christine Aziz, 52, who left school at 15 with a single O-level in English, on the Channel 4 show's competition and will receive a 50,000 advance for her first novel. |
| B．The Channel 4 show's competition was funded by the publishing company Pan Macmillan. |
| C．Ms. Aziz said the money would be enough to support the rest of her life |
| D．Five aspiring authors made it on to the shortlist for judging by a panel. |
| E．She did not like the pressure of journalism, but now she must complete the work and prepare herself for sales and marketing treatment usually reserved for bestselling authors. |
| F．Ms. Rejt said the shortlist reflected “an extraordinary range of talent from the extremely commercial to the beautifully literary”. |
The Palace Museum in Beijing released its calendar for 2022 on September 6 although the Year of the Tiger is still more than four months away. “The calendar has become a new way for many people
Though printed calendars seem to have lost
“The tiger is
As the 2022 Winter Olympics
In spite of the established reputation, creativity is still
6 . Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
| A．Academic. | B．Unattractive. |
| C．Inexpensive. | D．Confidential. |
1. How many Pulitzer Prizes has NY Times won?
| A．113. | B．130. | C．151. |
| A．It changed into a six-column format. |
| B．It started to introduce some new lifestyle sections. |
| C．It printed the heaviest ever newspaper. |
| A．In the bottom left-hand corner of the front page. |
| B．In the upper right-hand corner of the front page. |
| C．In the upper left-hand cormer of the front page. |
8 . The role of media historically has been central to the making of society and the construction of identity. It is vital in the search for information, stories and art to feed the human spirit and imagination to overcome the challenges ahead.
In an age of false news and misinformation, good quality content is more valuable than ever. History provides some context. In the UK the development of the liberal(自由的)media prior to the 1950s was characterized by a clear hierarchy(等级)when it came to the control of information. This model eventually gave way to a popular, audience-driven mass media in the 1980s, when the idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure took root.
Today, as more content is distributed via social platforms and the division between content creators and content consumers is unclear, technology companies — or “super competitors” — are taking greater responsibility for guaranteeing the quality and integrity of information. Perhaps as a reaction to this and with an odd nod to pre-1950s paternalism(家长式管理), there is a rising call for governments and regulators to take a more active role in the production and spreading of news to ensure equitable access to information.
Access to or quality of content is better than ever. But while destination media compete to become leaders in their specific areas, the tech giants are working out how to use media to dominate time, spend and data. What will be the impact of the strategies of the tech giants on the overall media landscape? The poet and novelist, Ben Okri, writes, “It may well be that it is not only science that saves us. We may also be saved by laughter, by the optimism of being able to see beyond these times, with stories, with community, with songs.”
In the absence of real contact, interaction and the consumption of experience is now mostly mediated(调解). The value and integrity of media has never been more relevant and significant.
1. What do the underlined words “some context” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．The development of the liberal media. |
| B．The model of the British clear hierarchy. |
| C．The changing of factors determining media content. |
| D．The idea of the media as a source of popular pleasure. |
| A．Media are losing their roles in shaping society. |
| B．It’s hard to divide content creators and consumers. |
| C．Media are misused to dominate time, spend and data. |
| D．The quality and integrity of information can’t be available. |
| A．Our life lacks passion. | B．People need proper media content. |
| C．Science can by all means save us. | D．Media cannot change the real life. |
| A．The Core of Media—Value and Integrity |
| B．The Transformation of Media Content |
| C．The Impact of Tech Giants on Media |
| D．The Ups and Downs of Media |
After Henry delivered all thenewspapers, he pedaled fast to The Gazette offices by 8: 30. The chief editorhad something important to tell him. He parked his bike and bounded up twonights of stairs to the chief editor's door.
Mr. Trotta greeted him."About those papers," he paused, "no good way to deliver badnews," Henry’s smile faded. "Were closing shop Saturday. Advertisingis down. Television is how people get their news today, Mr. Trotta shrugged, "You won't have to get up early on weekends." "No," said Henry, "but I like waking up early and meeting people on my route. It'ssad People won't get their neighborhood news any more.”
As Henry rode past the familiar houses, he saw Mr Grady on his porch (门廊) holding a broom (扫把). "Mr. Grady, wait," Henry called, setting down his bike. He led Mr. Grady to a chair and took the broom. In minutes, the porch was clean. "Now, Mr, Grady, anytime you have chores (家务) call me." They sat for a while asMr. Grady recalled how happy he’d been moving his family to 26 Maple. He sounded lonely.
A week after closing, Henry wondered if his customers missed The Gazette as much as he did. He thought of a way to find out.
He started out on his oldroute with a notebook. First stop: Mr, Jonas, 17 Oak. When Henry asked him about the paper, Mr. Jonas answered, "I sure liked reading the week'shappenings. By the way, I have a pile of old comics from The Gazette. Think someone would want them?"
“I’ll ask around." Henry made a note in his notebook.
He stopped at Mrs. Burke's, 27 Maple. She opened the door holding two babies. Her other two kids held on toher legs. Henry stared. "You could use a babysitter." "Definitely. I meant to put an ad in The Gazette, but....Know any neighbors with experience?”
Mr Simon was next door, carrying his violin out to his car. "Hey, Henry. My band is having aconcert in the park next Friday. Tell all your friends.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
As Henry made more notes, anidea started forming in his head.
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Customers cheered Henry idea and helpedsupply the news.
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